iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2021

Abstract: Background: Quantification of eye diseases among HIV-infected patients is a step towards the provision of services that improve the quality of life. Traditionally, HIV care was founded on principles of patients' survival and prolonging life expectancy. These principles of HIV medicine practice have shifted from survival to improving the quality of life among the affected population. More HIV patients are living long enough to experience the ocular toxicity of antiretroviral drugs and age-related eye conditions. Co-morbidity of HIV infection with Non-communicable diseases like hypertension, diabetes, and cancers, among others, are contributing to damaging effects of the eye. Since there were no recent equivalent studies carried out in a Kenyan urban clinic, we selected this study to quantify eye diseases among this population. HIV-infected Urban dwellers have additional risk factors for the development of eye diseases like lifestyle and economic activities among many other factors.........

Key Word: Ocular Disease; Adult; HIV; Kenya;

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[3]. Bekele, S., Yeshigeta, G., & Fasil, T. (2013). Ocular Manifestation of HIV/AIDS Patients and correlation with CD4 Cells Count among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients in Jimma Town, Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional study. BMC Ophthalmology.
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Abstract: Background: The present study is a hospital based case control study among 150 pregnant women with cases being AFI<5cm and control being AFI 5-18cm with period of gestation ≥32 weeks in both the groups. This study was undertaken in the department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, RIMS, Imphal to find out the foetal outcome in oligohydramnios, after approval from the Research Ethics Board, RIMS, Imphal. This study was conducted for a period of 24 months from September 2018 to August 2020. Informed consent was taken from every patient before their participation in the study. Data were collected in a pre designed proforma and analysed for statistical significance.The most common age was in between 21-25years in both the groups. There was not much difference in both the group while comparing with the residential area. Majority of the pregnant women in both the group were from a middle class family and were mostly primigravida in both the group. The mean period of gestation in study.....

[1]. Magann EF, Doherty DA, Chauhan SP, Busch FW, Mecacci F, Morrison JC. How well do the amniotic fluid index and single deepest pocket indices (below the 3rd and 5th and above the 95th and 97th percentiles) predict oligohydramnios and hydramnios? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;190(1):164-9.
[2]. Sudha HC, Sunanda KM. Pregnancy outcome after diagnosis of oligohydramnios. Int J Sci Res 2017;6(5):626-30.
[3]. Visvalingam G, Purandare N, Cooley S, Roopnavinesingh R, Geary M. Perinatal outcome after ultrasound diagnosis of anhydramnios at term. J Obstet Gynaecol 2012;32(1):50-3.
[4]. Ergun A, Atay V, Pabuccu R, Baser I, Duru NK, Tokac G. Predictive value of amniotic fluid volume measurements on perinatal outcome. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1998; 45(1):19-23.
[5]. Sharma A, Dashora S, Sharma R, Chandra K, Gunawat MS. To study the effect of L-arginine in oligohydramnios to improve perinatal outcome. IOSR-JDMS 2017;16(4):16-9.

Abstract: Appendicitis is one of the commonest causes of abdominal pain requiring emergency surgery. Often, it is difficult to reach a proper diagnosis. There may not be classical symptoms and signs of appendicitis. Different clinical signs and symptoms always mimic the diagnosis of acute appendicitis, as there are a number of causes leading to pain in right iliac fossa particularly in female patients. Diagnosing acute appendicitis clinically still remains a common surgical problem. Accurate diagnosis can be aided by additional testing or expectant management or both. These might delay laparotomy and lead to appendiceal perforation with increased morbidity and hospital stay [1-3]. A safe alternative seems to be appendectomy as soon as the condition is suspected, a strategy that increases.......

[1]. Harrison MW, Lindner DJ, Campbell JR, Campbell TJ. Acute Appendicitis in children: factors affecting morbidity. Am J Surg. 1984;147:605–610. [PubMed]
[2]. Savrin RA, Clatworthy HW., Jr Appendiceal rupture: a continuing diagnostic problem. Paediatrics. 1979;63:36–43. [PubMed]
[3]. Scher KS, Coil JA. The continuing challenge of perforating appendicitis. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1980;150:535–538. [PubMed]
[4]. Karakas SP, Guelfguat M, Leonidas JC, Springer S, Singh SP. Acute appendicitis in children: comparison of clinical diagnosis with ultrasound and CT imaging. Pediatr Radiol. 2000;30:94–98. [PubMed]
[5]. Hoffmann J, Rasmussen OO. Aids in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Br J Surg. 1989;76:774–779. [PubMed].

Abstract: Background: Majority of the maxillofacial injuries in developing countries are still due to road traffic accidents when compared to western world where it is mainly due to interpersonal violence. Though there are studies evaluating the causes and mechanisms of the major and clinically significant maxillofacial injuries, less emphasis is made on the significance of time of occurrence and severity of maxillofacial injuries in road traffic accidents. Hence, this study was undertaken to evaluate the correlation between time of occurrence and severity of maxillofacial injuries in road traffic accidents. Materials and Methods: A record based observational study was performed to evaluate the correlation between time of occurrence and severity of maxillofacial injuries in road traffic accidents. Data was collected from casualty register maintained in the Department......

Key words: facial injury severity scale, maxillofacial trauma, road traffic accidents, time of occurrence

[1]. Agnihotri A, Galfat D, Agnihotri D. Incidence and pattern of maxillofacial trauma due to road traffic accidents: a prospective study. Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery. 2014 Jun;13(2):184-8.
[2]. Kapoor P, Kalra N. A retrospective analysis of maxillofacial injuries in patients reporting to a tertiary care hospital in East Delhi. International journal of critical illness and injury science. 2012 Jan;2(1):6.
[3]. Gurung US, Singh G, Mishra M, Mondal S, Gaur A. Maxillofacial Injuries Related to Road Traffic Accidents: A Five Year Multi Center Analysis. Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction Open. 2019 Jan;3(1):s-0039.
[4]. Ravindran V, Nair KR. Metaanalysis of maxillofacial trauma in the northern districts of Kerala: one year prospective study. Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery. 2011 Dec 1;10(4):321-7.
[5]. Pietzka S, Kämmerer PW, Pietzka S, Schramm A, Lampl L, Lefering R, Bieler D, Kulla M. Maxillofacial injuries in severely injured patients after road traffic accidents—a retrospective evaluation of the TraumaRegister DGU® 1993–2014. Clinical oral investigations. 2020 Jan;24(1):503-13.

Abstract: Primary aldosteronism (PA) can be a rare cause of systemic arterial hypertension associated with hypo or normocalemia, hyperaldosteronemia and hyporeninemia. The perioperative management of PA has two main focuses: control of hypokalemia and arterial blood pressure. Here we report a case of a female, 32 years old, diagnosed with primary aldosteronism after repeated hypertensive crises despite antihypertensive therapy. This case reminds us that potassium levels and arterial blood pressure should be carefully managed in the preoperative period, thus reducing potentially life-threatening complications such as hypo, hyperkalaemia, severe hypotension and hypertensive crises.

Key Words: Primary Aldosteronism; Perioperative Management; Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy.

[1]. Domi R, Sula H, Kaci M, Paparisto S, Bodeci A, Xhemali A. Anesthetic considerations on adrenal gland surgery. J Clin Med Res. 2015;7(1):1-7.
[2]. Choi SH, Kwon TG, Kim TH. Active potassium supplementation might be mandatory during laparoscopic adrenalectomy for primary hyperaldosteronism. J Endourol. 2012;26(6):666-9.
[3]. Munver R, Yates J. Diagnosis and surgical management for primary hyperaldosteronism. Curr Urol Rep. 2010;11(1):51-7.
[4]. Gockel I, Kneist W, Heintz A, Beyer J, Junginger T. Endoscopic adrenalectomy: an analysis of the transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches and results of a prospective follow-up study. Surg Endosc. 2005;19(4):569-73.
[5]. Schreiner F, Anand G, Beuschlein F. Perioperative Management of Endocrine Active Adrenal Tumors. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2019;127(2-03):137-146.
[6]. Funder JW, Carey RM, Mantero F, Murad MH, Reincke M, Shibata H, Stowasser M, Young WF Jr. The Management of Primary Aldosteronism: Case Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016; 101(5):1889-916.

Abstract: Background: Cancer cervix is a common disease in India with a high mortality rate caused by certain strains of the HPV virus. It has a long history before it becomes malignant, and there are screening tests to identify this disease in its early stage. Initiation of treatment in stage can be curative. This study was undertaken to screen women who were in this early precancerous stage. Objectives:
1. To estimate the prevalence of abnormal PAP smears among study population 2. To find correlation between abnormal PAP smears and Human Papilloma Virus.......

Key Words: Cervical cancer, Human Papilloma Virus, Cervical screening

[1]. Menezes LJ, Jang SE, Ross DJ, Glaser AD, Varghese R. Cervical HPV Infection in Indian Women: Screening and Immunization as Preventive Strategies. MGM J Med Sci. 2014; 1(2):65-75.
[2]. World Health Organization (WHO). Comprehensive cervical cancer prevention and control: a healthier future for girls and women. WHO Guidance Note 2013.
[3]. Carol Chelimo, Trecia A.Wouldes, Linda D. Cameron J, Mark Elwood. Risk factors for and prevention of human papillomaviruses (HPV), genital warts and cervical cancer. Journal of Infection. March 2013. 66 (3). Pages 207-21.
[4]. Cobucci R, Maisonnette M, Macedo E, Santos Filho F C, Rodovalho P, Nobrega M M, Goncalves A. Pap test accuracy and severity of squamous intraepithelial lesion. Indian J Cancer. 2016; 53:74-6.
[5]. Zhu J,Norman I, Elfgren K et al. A comparison of liquid based cytology and Pap smear as a screening method for cervical cancer. Oncol Rep. July 2007. Volume 18. Issue 1. Pp: 157-60..

Abstract: CSOM is very common disease encountered by every otorhinolaryngologist. Inspite of medical management the proper cure is obtained by surgery in almost all cases. Tympanoplasty is the standard surgery which is performed to cover the perforated drum with or without ossiculoplasty. In present study we have compared the results of type 1 Tympanoplasty in 62 patients of dry and wet ears. The success rate was compared in terms of graft uptake, hearing improvement and postop complications. We found that there is insignificant difference in results of both groups, which means the condition of middle ear is not the deciding factor of success in tympanoplasty..

Key Words: Tympanoplasty, CSOM, dry ear, wet ear.

[1]. Vijayendra H, Rangam Chetty K and sangeeta R. Comparative study of tympanoplasty in wet perforation versus totally dry perforation in tubotympanic disease. Ind J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2006; 58(2):165-67.
[2]. Kageyama-Escobar AM, Rivera- Moreno MA and Rivera-Mendez A. Risk factor for myringoplasty failure. Gac Med Mex 2001;137(3):209-220.
[3]. Nagle S K, Jagade M V., Gandhi SR, Pawar P V. Comparative study of outcome of type I tympanoplasty in dry and wet ear. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009 Jun;61(2):138-40.
[4]. Emir H, Ceylan K, Kizilkaya Z, Gocmen H, Uzunkulaogu H, Samim E. Success is a matter of experience: type I tympanoplasty: influencing factor on type I tympanoplasty. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2007 Jun; 264(6):595-9.
[5]. Palva T, Ramsay H. Myringoplasty and tympanoplasty – results related to training and experience. Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences. 1995; 20:329-325..

Abstract: Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is a potentially life threatening illness, associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide1. The global reported incidence for PLA is variable, ranging from 3 to 25 per 100,000 pediatric hospital admissions2-5. PLA is reported to be rare in the developed world, although it is a significant cause of morbidity in children in the developing countries. It has been suggested that the overall incidence of PLA is increasing because of a wider availability of diagnostic procedures. The mortality rate has decreased because of the use of draining techniques, earlier identification of immunocompromised patients, and more effective antibiotic treatment5. Most LA in children........

[1]. Vanni LA, Lopez PB, Porto SO. Solitary pyogenic liver abscess in children. Am J Dis Child 1978;132:1141-2.
[2]. Kaplan GG, Gregson DB, Laupland KB. Population-based study of the epidemiology of and the risk factors for pyogenic liver abscess. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;2:1032–8.
[3]. Kong MS, Lin JN. Pyogenic liver abscess in children. J Formos Med Assoc 1994;93:45–50.
[4]. Chusid MJ. Pyogenic hepatic abscess in infancy and childhood. Pediatrics 1978;62:554–9.
[5]. Pineiro-Carrero VM, Andres JM. Morbidity and mortality in children with pyogenic liver abscess. Am J Dis Child 1989;143: 1424–7..

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Empyema is the collection of pus in the pleural cavity secondary to infectious pleural or parenchymal diseases. Tuberculosis is the most etiology causing Empyema. Non- tuberculous infections resulting in Empyema are increasing these days and in the antibiotic era the microbiological profile was changing. In this scenerio the current study was undertaken to know the microbiological patterns among the empyema patients attending our.......

Key Words: Empyema, Tuberculosis, pleural fluid culture

[1]. Pulle MV, Asaf BB, Kumar A, Puri HV, Vijay CL, Bishnoi S. Microbiological profile of tubercular and nontubercular empyemas and its impact on clinical outcomes: A retrospective analysis of 285 consecutively operated cases. Lung India 2020;37:389-93.
[2]. Kundu S, Mitra S, Mukherjee S, Das S. Adult thoracic empyema: A comparative analysis of tuberculous and nontuberculous etiology in 75 patients. Lung India. 2010;27(4):196-201. doi:10.4103/0970-2113.71939
[3]. Malhotra P, Aggarwal AN, Agarwal R, Ray P, Gupta D, Jindal SK. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of empyema thoracis in 117 patients: a comparative analysis of tuberculous vs. non-tuberculous aetiologies. Respiratory medicine. 2007 Mar 1;101(3):423-30.
[4]. Hassan M, Cargill T, Harriss E, Asciak R, Mercer RM, Bedawi EO, McCracken DJ, Psallidas I, Corcoran JP, Rahman NM. The microbiology of pleural infection in adults: a systematic review. European Respiratory Journal. 2019 Sep 1;54(3):1900542.
[5]. Singh RP, Katiyar SK, Singh KP. Conservative management of empyema thoracis and bronchopleural fistula. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 1994;36:15-9.

Abstract: Introduction: Cervical lymph node metastasis is one of the important prognostic factor in staging and management of head and neck malignancy. The definitive diagnostic method for lymph node analysis is histopathology which is invasive. However, Diffusion weighted MRI has emerged as good alternative for the characterization of cervical lymph nodes in head and neck malignancy. A differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions of the head and neck is critical as it enables clinicians to implement appropriate management strategies for malignant lesions. Aims and objectives: To assess the diagnostic utility of diffusion weighted MRI sequence and ADC values for the characterization of cervical lymph nodes in head and neck malignancies. Material and Methods: Fifty.......

Key Words: Apparent diffusion coefficient, Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging, Receiver operating characteristic, Region of interest, fine needle aspiration biopsy,histopathology, squamous cell carcinoma

[1]. Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2005 Mar; 55(2):74-108.
[2]. Pande P, Soni S, Kaur J, Agarwal S, Mathur M, Shukla NK et al. Prognostic factors in betel and tobacco related oral cancer. Oral oncology. 2002 Jul 1; 38(5):491-99.
[3]. Argiris A, Haraf DJ, Kies MS, Vokes EE. Intensive concurrent chemo radiotherapy for head and neck cancer with 5-fluorouracil-and hydroxyurea-based regimens: reversing a pattern of failure. The Oncologist. 2003 Aug 1; 8(4):350-60.
[4]. Funk GF, Karnell LH, Robinson RA, Zhen WK, Trask DK, Hoffman HT. Presentation, treatment, and outcome of oral cavity cancer: a National Cancer Data Base report. Head & neck. 2002 Feb; 24(2):165-80.
[5]. Syrjänen S. Human papillomavirus infections and oral tumors. Medical microbiology and immunology. 2003 Aug 1; 192(3):123-28.

Abstract: Background: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in the world with more than 50 million affected. Valproate, is one of the most frequently prescribed antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) 1, with more than one million people around the world estimated to be taking VPA every day. This study is being conducted to assess the parameters of the metabolic syndrome in Indian children with epilepsy on valproate therapy for more than 1year, so that early reorganization and timely intervention can be employed to prevent /manage metabolic syndrome......

Key Words: Epilepsy, Valproate, Indian children, Metabolic syndrome

[1]. Hideaki K. et al. Valproate sodium enhances body weight in patients with childhood epilepsy: A pathogenic mechanism and open label clinical trial of behaviour therapy. Seizure ; 2012 : 496 -500
[2]. Abaci A, Saygi M, Yis U, Demir K, Dirik E, Bober E. Metabolic alterations during valproic acid treatment: a prospective study. Pediatric neurology. 2009 Dec 1; 41(6):435-9.
[3]. Pylvänen V, Pakarinen A, Knip M, Isojärvi J. Insulin-related metabolic changes during treatment with valproate in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2006 May 1; 8(3):643-8.
[4]. Verrotti A, La Torre R, Trotta D, Mohn A, Chiarelli F. Valproate-induced insulin resistance and obesity in children. Hormone Research in Paediatrics. 2009; 71(3):125-31.
[5]. Tekgul H. et al. Serum lipid profile in children receiving antiepileptic drug mono therapy: is it atherogenic? Journal of paediatric endocrinal metab.2006:19: 1151 -55..