iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2021

Abstract: Background: HIV infection in pregnancy has become one of the most common infections of pregnancy in developing countries. This has major implication for the management of HIV sero-positive pregnancies and childbirth. There is a bidirectional relationship between nutritional status and the course of HIV/AIDS. Aims &Objective: i) To study nutritional status of pregnant women suffering from HIV/AIDS. ii) To determine other associated factors affecting the health status of HIV sero-positive pregnant women. Materials and methods: A cross–sectional study was conducted from September 2017 to March 2019. All HIV sero-positive pregnant women beyond period of viability (period of gestation ≥28 weeks) attending antenatal clinic of RIMS Hospital were included in the study. Data were collected from PPTCT Centre RIMS, Imphal, Manipur..

Key Word: Body mass index, HIV sero-positivity, Mid upper arm circumference, PPTCT

[1]. Park K. Preventntive and social medicine. 24th ed. M/S Banarasidas Bhanot: Jabalpur;2017.
[2]. Macallan DC. Nutrition and immune function in HIV-infection. ProcNutrSoc 1999; 58(3):743-8.
[3]. UNAIDS Global HIV&AIDS statistics-2019 fact sheet: technical report. Available from https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet.Accessed on 19 September, 2019.
[4]. India HIV estimations 2017: technical report.Availablefrom:http://www.naco.gov.in/sites/defaults/files/India%20HIV%20Estimations%202017.pdfAccesed September 16,2019.
[5]. Knox TA, Zafonte-Sanders M, Fields-Gardner C, Moen K, Johansen D, Paton D. Assessment of Nutritional Status, Body Composition, Human Immunodeficiency Virus- Associated Morphologic Changes. Clin Infect Dis.2003 Apr 1;36(Suppl 2):s63-8..

Abstract: Background: Trans-rectal ultrasound guided twelve core prostate biopsy in evaluating prostate cancer with histopathological evaluation, total prostate specific antigen and percentage of free-to-total prostate specific antigen correlation. Materials and Methods: This study was done on 28 patients who were referred to department of Radio- Diagnosis at Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Mangalore. TRUS guided 12 core prostate biopsy was performed and samples were sent to department of pathology for histopathological evaluation and results were documented. Results: Prostate diseases were more common in the older age group and the incidence increases with age. 43% of malignancy were detected in patients with grade I prostatic enlargement. Detection of malignancy in this group was significantly increased by 12 core biopsy. On HPE 14 (50%) patients......

Key Words: TRUS, Prostate Biopsy, Prostate Carcinoma, Prostate Specific Antigen

[1]. Applewhite JC, Matlaga BR, McCullough DL, Hall MC. Trans rectal ultrasound and biopsy in the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. Cancer control: journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center. 2000 Dec; 8(2):141-50.
[2]. Takahashi H, Ouchi T. The ultrasonic diagnosis in the field of urology. Proc Jpn Soc Ultrasonics Med. 1963; 3:7.
[3]. Watanabe H, Igari D, Tanahasi Y, Harada K, Saitoh M. Development and application of new equipment for trans rectal ultrasonography. Journal of Clinical Ultrasound. 1974 Jun 1; 2(2):91-8.
[4]. Astraldi A. Diagnosis of cancer of the prostate: biopsy by rectal route. Urol Cutan Rev. 1937; 41:421.
[5]. Wild JJ, Reid JM. Progress in techniques of soft tissue examination by 15 MC pulsed ultrasound. In Ultrasound in biology and medicine: a symposium sponsored by the Bioacoustics Laboratory of the University of Illinois and the Physiology Branch of the Office of Naval Research. Robert Allerton Park, Monticello, Ill 1955 Jun 20 (pp. 30-45)..

Abstract: Ewings sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor represents a spectrum of undifferentiated tumors with similar biology that together represent the second most common sarcoma in the pediatric -young adult age group. Ewings sarcomas of the kidney are rarely found high-grade malignant tumors and very few cases have been reported to date. A range of aggressive small blue round cell tumors have been subsumed under the term Ewings sarcoma family tumor due to their shared undifferentiated round cell phenotype. . Establishing a correct diagnosis is critical because renal Ewing sarcoma carries a dismal prognosis and thus dictates a specific treatment strategy. We present a case of an adolescent boy presenting to us with flank pain. On evaluation, he was found to have right renal mass which was reaching up to liver parenchyma. A nephrectomy was done and final pathology report was Ewings sarcoma.

Key Word: Ewings sarcoma; primitive neuroectodermal tumor;Renal ewings sarcoma

[1]. Parham DM, Roloson GJ, Feely M, Green DM, Bridge JA, Beckwith JB. Primary malignant neuroepithelial tumors of the kidney: a clinicopathologic analysis of 146 adult and pediatric cases from the National Wilms' Tumor Study Group Pathology Center. The American journal of surgical pathology. 2001 Feb 1;25(2):133-46.
[2]. Kuroda M, Urano M, Abe M, Mizoguchi Y, Horibe Y, Murakami M, Tashiro K, Kasahara M. Primary primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney. Pathology international. 2000 Dec;50(12):967-72.
[3]. Ellinger J, Bastian PJ, Hauser S, Biermann K, Müller SC. Primitive neuroectodermal tumor: rare, highly aggressive differential diagnosis in urologic malignancies. Urology. 2006 Aug 1;68(2):257-62.
[4]. Jimenez RE, Folpe AL, Lapham RL, Ro JY, O'Shea PA, Weiss SW, Amin MB. Primary Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 11 cases. The American journal of surgical pathology. 2002 Mar 1;26(3):320-7.
[5]. Grier HE, Krailo MD, Tarbell NJ, Link MP, Fryer CJ, Pritchard DJ, Gebhardt MC, Dickman PS, Perlman EJ, Meyers PA, Donaldson SS. Addition of ifosfamide and etoposide to standard chemotherapy for Ewing's sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor of bone. New England Journal of Medicine. 2003 Feb 20;348(8):694-701.

Abstract: Background: Hypertension is one of the most pervasive no communicable disease in developing countries like India. A long term stress response is one of the main causes of essential or Primary hypertension. Backshu Point massage (BSPM), a treatment of TCM uses massaging the Backshu acupuncture points which elicit relaxation that alters the course of unchecked stress response. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of BSPM on Cardiovascular functions in patients with Essential Hypertension. Materials and Methods: 30 Primary Hypertension patients with the age group of 35-45 years of both genders were recruited and randomly divided into 2 groups. Subjects of both the group underwent 40 minutes of each BSPM (study session ) and Supine Rest (control session ) session in 2 different orders. In the first group , 15 subjects underwent BSPM on day.1 & SR on day.2, while in second group the order of intervention was reversed. Assessments such as Systolic...

Key Word: Backshu point massage (BSPM), Primary hypertension, cardiovascular function, Traditional Chinese medicine

[1]. Srinath Reddy K, Shah B, Varghese C, Ramadoss A. Responding to the threat of chronic diseases in India. Lancet 2005; 366:1744–1749.
[2]. Gupta R. Trends in hypertension epidemiology in India. J Hum Hypertens 2004; 18:73–78.
[3]. Gupta R, Sharma AK, Kapoor A, Prakash H. Epidemiological studies and treatment of hypertension. J Assoc Phys Ind 1997; 45: 863–864.
[4]. Shaw E, Anderson JG, Maloney M, Jay SJ, Fagan D. Factors associated with noncompliance of patients taking antihypertensive medications. Hosp Pharm 1995; 30:201–203, 206–207.
[5]. Flaws B. (2005). The Treatment of Modern Western Medical Diseases with Chinese Medicine. Blue Poppy Press: Boulder.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to estimate whether grades given by IOTN index for assessing malocclusion is reliable and whether it may be predictive for potential cooperation. Methodology- study cast and dental photographs of 50 patients with different malocclusion were given to 10 experienced (more than 5 year experience) orthodontists and requested to score them on the basis of DHC and AC components of IOTN.
Result- the outcome of the study shows that both DHC and AC reflects subjective perception of dental health and need for orthodontic treatment.
Conclusion- IOTN can be reliably used to assess severity of malocclusion. However, further study using large sample size is needed.

Key Word: IOTN, dental health component (DHC), aesthetic component (AC), malocclusion

[1]. M. Mtaya, P. Brudvik, and A. N. Astrom, "Prevalence of malocclusion and its relationship with sociodemographic factors, dental caries, and oral hygiene in 12- to 14-year old Tanzanian school children," European Journal of Orthodontics vol 31, no 5, pp. 467-476,2009.
[2]. Kharbanda OP. What is the Prevalence of malocclusion in India? Do we know Orthodontic Treatment needs of our country? J I O S. 1999; 32: 33-41.
[3]. Grainger R M 1967 Orthodontic treatment priority index. Public Health Service Publication No. 1000. Series 2, No. 25. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
[4]. Saltzmann J A 1968 Handicapping malocclusion assessment to establish treatment priority. American Journal of Orthodontics 54 : 749 – 765
[5]. Summers C J 1971 The occlusal index: a system for identifying and scoring occlusal disorders. American Journal of Orthodontics 57 :552 – 567.

Abstract: Background: Pancreatic cancer is considered to be one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in advanced countries and it is on the rise in developing countries like India and Bangladesh. A large number of patients with pancreatic cancer receive only palliative therapy due to advanced stage at presentation. Pancreatic cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer related death in the US with an annual incidence rate of 9 cases per 100,000 people. Approximately 28,000 to 30,000 cases of pancreatic cancer (ductal adenocarcinoma being the most common form) are diagnosed per year. Men are at a slightly greater risk compared to women. Objectives: To assess the utility of the serum.....

Key Word: Pancreatic Cancer; CA 19-9, Benign and Malignante

[1]. Ćwik, G., Wallner, G., Skoczylas, T., Ciechański, A. and Zinkiewicz, K., 2006. Cancer antigens 19-9 and 125 in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic mass lesions. Archives of surgery, 141(10), pp.968-973.
[2]. Del Favero G, Fabris C, Plebani M, et al.: CA 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen in pancreatic cancer diagnosis. Cancer 1986;57:1576–1579.
[3]. Duraker, N., Hot, S., Polat, Y., Höbek, A., Gençler, N. and Urhan, N., 2007. CEA, CA 19‐9, and CA 125 in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant pancreatic diseases with or without jaundice. Journal of surgical oncology, 95(2), pp.142-147.
[4]. K. S. Gopinath, Indian J Surg Oncol (March 2015) 6(1):1–2, DOI 10.1007/s13193-015-0380-5, Published online: 20 February 2015 # Indian Association of Surgical Oncology 2015
[5]. Frena, A., 2001. SPan-1 and exocrine pancreatic carcinoma. The clinical role. International Journal of Biological Markers, 16(3), pp.189-197..

Abstract: Introduction : All over the world, an estimated 382 million people are living with diabetes, and this number is expected to rise to 592 million by 2035 .The estimated prevalence of 61.3 million in India is expected to rise to 101.2 million (65% increase) by 2030. It is known now that early insulin initiation is needed for tight glycemic control and delay in the onset of complications. There are many barriers of insulin therapy by diabetics as well as several patient related factors for delay in insulin initiation and maintenance Since studies regarding Insulin use among Type 2 diabetes are few from Bihar and none from Madhepura , hence an attempt is being made to know the Barriers of Insulin use among Type 2 Diabetes patients . Methods: A cross–sectional observational study was conducted...

Key Word: Knowledge, Barriers , Insulin use, Type 2 Diabetes

[1]. International Diabetes Federation. https://www.idf. org/e-library/.../diabetes-atlas/13-diabetes-atlas-seventh-edition.html. IDF Diabetes Atlas 7th Edition (2015).
[2]. Study of awareness of insulin usage in diabetics attending NRI Medical College and General Hospital Jagadeesh A., Ravi Shankar K.*, Krishnakanth K., www.ijbcp.com International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology | January 2018 | Vol 7 | Issue 1 Page 59 .
[3]. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Jul-Aug; 17(4): 594–601. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.113749: 10.4103/2230-8210.113749, Barriers and solutions to diabetes management: An Indian perspective Subhash K. Wangnoo, Debasish Maji et al.
[4]. American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Diabetes. 2017; 40(Suppl. 1).
[5]. The perceived barriers to insulin therapy among type 2 diabetic patients ,.

Abstract: Background: Tutorial is an interactive class taught by a tutor to students at university or college, individually or in small groups. It has encompassed major teaching-learning way out in basic science of medical education.Anatomy as a course is a broad course of study for undergraduate medical students because it envelope; Histology, Gross Anatomy, Embryology.Neuro-Anatomy,Medical Genetics,etc as Five in one course which has been a major challenge to undergraduate medical students. Aim: To evaluate the impacts of the tutorial on the performance of undergraduate medical students in Anatomical Sciences courses. Method: A cross-sectional study...

Key Word: Medical Education;Anatomy; Tutorial;Anatomical Sciences Department, University of Abuja

[1]. Moore WG.The Tutorial system and it's future.Oxford: Pergamon Press,The History of Tutorial system/Greenes Tutorial college;1968.
[2]. Pujol S, Baldwin M, Nassiri J, Kikinis R, Shaffer K. Using 3D modeling techniques to enhance teaching of difficult anatomical concepts. Acad Radiol. 2016;23(4):507-16.
[3]. Tubbs RS, Sorenson EP, Sharma A, Benninger B, Norton N, Loukas M, Moxham BJ.The development of a core syllabus for the teaching of head and neck anatomy to medical students. Clin Anat. 2014;27: 321-30.
[4]. Guimaraes B, Durado L, Tsisar S, Diniz JM, Madeira MD, Ferreira MA. Rethinking Anatomy: how to overcome challenges of medical Education's evolution. Acta Medica port.2017;30(2):134-40.
[5]. Dimon T Jr. Anatomy of the moving body .A basic course in bones, muscles and joints.2nd Ed. Berkeley, California: North Atlantic Books.2008.p280.

Abstract: Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common gynecological complaint affecting 10-30% of reproductive-aged women. Abnormal uterine bleeding can result from different causes and can adversely affect the woman's quality of life, necessitating its appropriate and adequate management. Various pharmacological and surgical treatment options are available for the treatment of AUB. Among all the management options of AUB , LNG-IUS is emerging as a safer and effective treatment option of AUB. Aim : To study the effectiveness of the LNG-IUS in abnormal uterine bleeding........

Key Word: LNG-IUS, abnormal uterine bleeding

[1]. Cooper JM. Contemporary management of abnormal uterine bleeding. Preface. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2000;27:11-3.
[2]. Sharma A, Dogra Y. Trends of AUB in tertiary centre of Shimla hills. J Midlife Health. 2013;4:67-8.
[3]. VG Padubidri ,SN Daftary Menorrhagia Chap.24 in Shaw's Textbook of Gynaecology,16th ed,pg
[4]. Grimes DA. Review of management strategies for heavy menstrual bleeding: Summary of the best evidence. Supplement to OBG Management. 2009;S7-S10.
[5]. Sweet MG, Schmidt-Dalton TA, Weiss PM, Madsen KP. Evaluation and Management of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Premenopausal Women. Am Fam Physician. 2012;85:35-43..

Abstract: Résumé Le laparoschisis est la malformation de la paroi abdominale la plus fréquente après l'omphalocèle. Il peut être létales ou être responsable ` de multiples complications foetales ou néonatale. C'est une pathologie rare mais de diagnostic anténatal aisé, lorsque le suivi e´chographique anténatal est bien réalisé, Nous rapportons un cas de laparoschisis diagnostiqué tardivement en anténatale , chez une patiente primipare qui consulte pour douleurs abdomino- pelviennes type contractions utérine sur une grossesse de 35 semaine d'aménorrhée+3 jours non suivie ,le diagnostic de la menace d'accouchement prématuré a été retenu ; l'échographie obstétricale a objectivé une une grossesse.......

Key Word:laparoschisis, antenatal diagnosis, prognosis

[1]. Abbott JF. The fetal abdominal wall and gastrointestinal tract. In: Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D, editors. 4th ed., Diagnostic ultrasound, Philadelphia (USA): Elsevier; 2011. p. 1327–52.
[2]. Brun M, Maugey-Laulom B, Rauch-Chabrol F, et al. Diagnostic e´chographique ante´natal des malformations de la paroi ante´- rieure du foetus. J Radiol 1998;79:1461–8.
[3]. El Mhabrech H, Zrig A, Ksiaa A, et al. Diagnostic ante´natal des malformations digestives. Feuillets Radiol 2014;54:339–48.
[4]. Alouia M, Nasria K, Ben Hamidac AM, et al. Congenital anoma- lies in Tunisia: Frequency and risk factors. J Gynecol Obstet Hum
[5]. Reprod 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jogoh.2017.05.006 [pii: S2468-7847(17)30117-4, epub ahead of print].Curry JI, Kinney PM, Thornton JG, et al. The aetiology of gastroschisis. BJOG 2000;107:1339–46..

Abstract: Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may coexist in many individuals. This study was conducted to observe the frequency of NAFLD in Bangladeshi T2DM patients and to compare the glycemic status in T2DM patients with and without NAFLD. Materials and methods: Total 80 (eighty) previously known cases of T2DM were included as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients underwent abdominal ultrasound to detect fatty liver. NAFLD was diagnosed after excluding other causes of liver diseases. Clinical and biochemical data were recorded and compared among T2DM patients with and without NAFLD. Results: Overall frequency of NAFLD in T2DM was 60%. Frequency...

Key Word: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), Glycemic status, Insulin Resistance, Metabolic syndrome.

[1]. Targher G, Byrne CD. Clinical review: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A novel cardiometabolic risk factor for type 2 diabetes and its complications. J ClinEndocrinolMetab. 2013; 98: 483–95.
[2]. Hazlehurst JM, Woods C, Marjot T, Cobbold JF, Tomlinson JW. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes. Metabolism. 2016; 65: 1096–108.
[3]. Loomba R, Sanyal AJ. The global NAFLD epidemic. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2013; 10: 686–90.
[4]. Rahman MM, Kibria GM, Begum H et al Prevalence and risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a rural community of South Asia. Gastroenterology. 2015; 148: S1045–6.
[5]. Das K, Das K, Mukherjee PS et al Nonobese population in a developing country has a high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver and significant liver disease. Hepatology. 2010; 51: 1593–602.

Abstract: Background: Pulmonary function tests provide objective information about the status of an individual's respiratory system. Pulmonary function variables are known to vary with age, sex, height, weight, race and geographic location. So, the present study was conducted to determine pulmonary function among male and female healthy subjects of Manipur and to evaluate the relationships between height with FVC and FEV1. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted on 100 normal subjects between 18 and 65 years of age at the Department of Physiology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal from September 2018 to August 2019.The variables studied...

Key Word: FEV1, FVC, Height, Pulmonary function, Spirometry

[1]. Miller A. Lung function testing: selection of reference values and interpretative strategies. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;146(5 Pt 1):1368-9.
[2]. Kim SR, Choi US, Choi JH, Koh HJ. Association of body fat and body mass index with pulmonary function in women in their forties. J Korean Acad Fam Med 2003;24:827-32.
[3]. Surve RR., Dase RK. The association between pulmonary function test and anthropometric measurements using bioelectric impidence analysis in adolescents. Int J Community Med Public Health 2018 Sep;5(9):3936-41.
[4]. Park JE, Chung JH, Lee KH, Shin KC. The Effect of Body Composition on Pulmonary Function. Tuberc Respir Dis 2012;72:433-40..

Abstract: Background: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are classified into 5 types.Hypertension contributes to maternal and mortality.
Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 120 patients from gynaecology department units at Government General Hospital, Kurnool. The patient were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pregnant women who are diagnosed with any type of hypertensive disorders are included in the study. Hypertensive disorder death cases in pregnant women are excluded in the study.
Results: Among the study conducted in pregnant women the majorly occurring hypertensive disorder is pre-eclampsia. The mostly affected pregnant women.......

Key Words: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, labetalol, Nifedipine, amlodipine

[1]. Mudaliar and Menon's;Textbook of Clinical Obstetrics ; Orient Longman Tenth Edition 2005.
[2]. D.C. Dutta ; Textbook of Obstetrics ;Perinatology and Contraception ;Sixth Edition 2004.
[3]. Aleksander Prejbiz*, Piotr Dobrowolski* , Przemyslaw Kosinski* , Dorota Bomba –opon Marcin Adamczak , Monika Bekiesinska –Figtowska , Jacek Kadziela , Anna Konopka , Katarzyan Kostka –Jeziorny, Ilona Kurnatowska , Bozena Leszczynska- Gorzelak , Mieczyslaw Litwin ,Agnieszka Olszanecka , Michal Orczykowski , Elzbeta Poniedzialek – Czajkowska , Malgorzata Sobieszczanska –Malek, Katarzyan Stolarz – Skrzypek ,Ludwina Szczepaniak –Chichel ,Anna Szyndler ,Jacek Wolf , Miroslaw Wielgos** , Piotr Hoffman**, Andrzej Januszewicz **; Management of hypertension in pregnancy : Prevention ,diagnosis , treatment and long-term prognosis; July 19, 2019 ;757-806
[4]. Hind N Moussa *, Sara E Arian & Baha M Sibai ; Management of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy ; Women's Health 2014; Vol. 10 (4), 385-404.
[5]. Peter von Dadelszen1,2*, Laura A. Magee2,3, James M. Roberts4 ; Sub-classification of Pre- eclampsia ; Hypertension in Pregnancy 2003 ; vol.22 ;143-148

Abstract: Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disease caused by a variable interaction between hereditary and environmental factors. The clinical syndrome is defined by hyperglycemia, microvascular abnormalities (retinal and renal) and neuropathy. Its main features are abnormal insulin secretion, high levels of blood glucose and a variety of complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy and arteriosclerosis. Materials and methods: Among a total of 335 diabetic retinopathy patients, 33 patients were excluded because of non-cooperation or seriousness of associated illness. 302 patients of Diabetic retinopathy were included in the study.......

Key Word: Diabetes mellitus, BMI, Diabetic retinopathy, DR

[1]. Forouhi NG, Wareham NJ. Epidemiology of diabetes. Medicine (Abington) 2014;42(12):698-702.
[2]. Ghanchi F. Bailey MC, Chakravarthy PU, et al. Diabetic Retinopathy Guidelines December 2012, The Royal College of Ophthalmologists 2012.
[3]. Mohan V. Why are Indians more prone to diabetes? J Assoc Physicians India 2004;52:468-74.
[4]. Anjana RM, Deepa M, Pradeepa R, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in 15 states of India: results from the ICMR–INDIAB population-based cross-sectional study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017;5(8):585-96.
[5]. Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C. Current scenario of diabetes in India. Journal of Diabetes 2009;1(1):18-28.