iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2021

Abstract: Aims: To study the clinical profile and outcome of severe form of Covid-19 subjects, to compare those who succumbed with those who survived Methods: All adult subjects who fulfilled the criteria for severely ill covid-19 admitted to the dedicated Covid 19 facility attached to Adichuchangiri Institute of medical Science and Research Center, BG.Nagar between July 2020 and October 2020 were included. Results: Out of 759 patients admitted to Covid-19 facility 60% were mild,35%were moderately severe and 5% were severe requiring HFNO or invasive ventilatory support total subjects succumbed to the illness were 20(2.63%)........

Key Word: HFNO-Highflow nasal oxygen ESR-erythrocyte sedimentation rate CRP c-reactive protein LDH Lactate dehydrogenase DM Diabetes mallitus HTN. Hypertension CLD Chronic liver disease IHD Ischemic heart disease CKD Chronic kidney disease N.I.V. Non invasive ventilator

[1]. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 2020; 395:507-513. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7
[2]. Picklers P, van der Hoeven H, Citerio G. COVID 19: 10 things I wished I'd known some months ago. Intensive Care Med 2020; 46:1449-1452. doi:10.1007/s00134-020-06098-z.
[3]. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1708-1720. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2002032.
[4]. Wang D,Hu B,Hu C,et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China [ published online ahead of print,2020 Feb 7].JAMA 2020; 323:1061-1069. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585
[5]. Yu C, Lei Q, Li W, et al. Clinical Characteristics, Associated Factors, and Predicting COVID-19 Mortality Risk: A Retrospective Study in Wuhan, China [published online ahead of print, 2020 May 27]. Am J Prev Med 2020;doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2020.05.002.

Abstract: Background: Burst abdomen is one of the most severe complication occurring in the post-operative period with high risk of mortality. It is one of the leading cause of re-admission. Apart from increasing the cost of treatment and patient stress it is a distressing condition for the surgeons in the post-operative period. This study aims to identify the risk factors for burst abdomen and optimize the patient with respect to these factors and thus prevent the dreaded complication. Materials and Methods: In this prospective observational study, 60 patients who underwent emergency midline vertical laparotomy in Government General Hospital, Guntur and developed burst abdomen post-operatively were studied. They were evaluated with a detailed history, presence of any risk factors, intra-operative pathology and biochemical investigations.......

Key Words: Burst Abdomen, Emergency Laparotomy, Post-operative complications, Wound Dehiscence

[1]. Gislason H el. Burst abdomen and incisional hernia after major gastrointestinal operations— comparison of three closure techniques. Eur J Surg 1995 May;161(5):349-54..
[2]. Webster C, Neumayer L, Smout R, et al. Prognostic models of abdominal wound dehiscence after laparotomy. J Surg 1981; 43:487
[3]. Fleischer GM, Rennert A, Rühmer M. Die infizierte Bauchdecke und der Platzbauch. Chirurg 2000; 71:754– 762
[4]. Mayo CW, Lee MJ Jr: Separation of abdominal wounds. AMA Arch Surg 1951; 62: 883- 894
[5]. Waqer S, Malik Z, Razzaq A, Abdullah MT, Shaima A, Zahid MA. Frequency and risk factors for wound dehiscence/burst abdomen in midline laparotomies. Journal Ayub Med Coll. 2005;17(4):70-3.

Abstract: Background: Disturbances in fluid and electrolytes are among the most common clinical problems encountered in the intensive care unit (ICU). Recent studies have reported that fluid and electrolyte imbalances are associated with increased morbidity and mortality among critically ill patients. Materials and Methods: In this observational study 400 patients admitted in the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) under Departments of General Medicine, Nephrology, Respiratory Medicine, Neurology and Cardiology were selected for study. All the needed information collected using a pre tested semi structured Questionnaire. Serum sodium, Potassium, chloride,.....

Key Word: Hyponatremia, Hypernatremia,Dysnatremia

[1]. Buckley MS, Leblanc JM, Cawley. Electrolyte disturbances associated with commonly prescribed medications in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2010; 38(Suppl):S253-264.
[2]. Thurman JM, Berl T. Therapy in Nephrology and Hypertension, a Companion to Brenner & Rector's - The Kidney 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Saunders, 2008.
[3]. Adrogue HJ, Madias NE et al. Hyponatremia. N Engl J Med. 2010; 342: 1581-1589.
[4]. Liamis G, Kalogirou M, Saugos V, Elisaf M, et al. Therapeutic approach in patients with dysnatraemias. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006; 21:1564-1569.
[5]. Costanzo MR, Ronco C et al. Extracorporeal fluid removal in heart failure patients. ContribNephrol. 2010; 165:236-243..

Abstract: Background: Vesicovaginal fistulae (VVF) are the most common acquired fistula of the urinary tract and have been known since ancient times. The etiology of VVF differs in various parts of the world. In the industrialized world, the most common cause (>75%) of VVF is injury to the bladder at the time of gynecologic, urologic, or other pelvic surgery. In our country VVF most commonly occur as a result of prolonged obstructed labor due to cephalopelvic disproportion, with resulting pressure necrosis to the anterior vaginal wall, bladder, bladder neck, and proximal urethra from the baby and as a post-surgical (Total abdominal hysterectomy, vaginal hysterectomy, lower uterine cesarean......

Key Words: Vesicovaginal Fistulae (VVF); Transvesical repair, Extravasical repair, Comparative study.

[1]. Muhammad AM, Muhammad S, Muhammad TBM, Nauman K. Changing trends in the etiology and management of vesicovaginal fistula. Int J Urology . 2018;25:25-29. doi: 10.1111/iju.13419
[2]. Milicevic S, Krivokuca V, Ecim-Zlojutro V, Jakovljevic B. Treatment of vesicovaginal fistulas: an experience of 30 cases. Med Arch. 2013;67:266-9.doi: 10.5455/medarh.2013.67.266-269
[3]. Hanash KA, Al Zahrani H, Mokhtar AA. Retrograde vaginal methylene blue injection for localization of complex urinary fistulas. J Endourol. Dec 2003; 17 (10): 941-3. doi:10.1089/089277903772036334 [4]. Hilton P. Vesicovaginal fistula: new perspectives. Curr Opin Obstet Gynaecol 2001; 13: 513-20. doi: 10.4103/0970-1591.32073 [5]. Pushpa SS. Surgical repair of vesicovaginal fistulae. JCPSP 2002; Vol. 12 (4): 223-226. doi: 10.4103/0970-1591.65400

Abstract: Background: Colorectal cancer is a major common public health problem throughout the world as well as developed countries like ours. Early diagnosis with precise preoperative staging bears great importance by providing more effective treatment and reduced mortality and morbidity in colorectal cancer cases. CEA and CA 19-9 are the most studied serum tumor markers that have been evaluated for the management of gastrointestinal cancers but their usefulness for diagnosis has been a challenging question. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess whether tumour markers (CEA and CA 19-9) have any diagnostic value as well as distant spread in colorectal cancer patient. Methods: This study was a prospective observational study which was conducted at surgery department of Dhaka Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh over a period of six months between June 2017 to November 2017. The study prospectively enrolled 73 consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of colorectal.....

Key Word: Colorectal Cancer; CEA; CA 19-9; Carcinoembryonic Antigen

[1]. Hammond EH. Quality control and standardization for tumor markers. Tumor markers: Physiology, Pathobiology, Technology and Clinical Applications. AACC Press, 2002: 25-7.
[2]. Huh JW, Oh BR, Kim BR, Kim JY. Preoperative carcinoembriyonic antigen level as an independent prognostic factor in potentially curative colon cancer. J Surg Oncol 2010; 101: 396-400.
[3]. Park YA, Lee KY, Kim NK, Baik SH, Sohn SK, Cho CW. Prognostic effect of perioperative change of serum carcinoembriyonic antigen level: a useful tool for detection of systemic recurrence in rectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2006; 13: 645-50.
[4]. Yakabe T, Nakafusa Y, Sumi K, Miyoshi A, Kitajima Y, Sato S. et al. Clinical significance of CEA and CA 19-9 in postoperative follow-up of colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2010; 17: 2349-56.
[5]. Dong H, Tang J, Li LH, Ge J, Chen X, Ding J et al. Serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 as an indicator of liver metastasis in colorectal carcinoma cases. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14: 1965-3..

Abstract: An avulsed tooth or avulsion (exarticulation) is an emergency traumatic experience. Tooth avulsion results in damage to attachment apparatus and pulp necrosis.Although the possibility of the eventual loss of the tooth should be explained to the patient, replantation reduces the traumatic / physiological effect to the accident.Clinically, successful replantation result in prolonged retention which improves esthetic appearance, arch form, chewing, and integrity of the arch. This case report presents successful emergency management of an avulsed maxillary right central incisor of a 15 year old male patient with extra oral time of 45 minutes. Treatment at the dental office involved immediate replantation and acid-etch composite splint followed by root canal treatment of the tooth and subsequent follow-up..

Key Word: Avulsion, Replantation,Periodontal Ligaments, Composite splint.

[1]. Gulinelli JL, Saito CTMH, Garcia-Júnior IR, Panzarini SR, Poi WR, Sonoda CK et al. Occurrence of tooth injuries in patients treated in hospital environment in the region of Araçatuba, Brazil during a 6-year period. Dent Traumatol. 2008;24(6):640-4
[2]. Chung H, Kim M, Yang W, Ko H. An interesting healing outcome of a replanted immature permanent tooth: a case report. Dent Traumatol. 2011;27:77-80.
[3]. Kaba AD, Mar´echaux SC. A fourteen-year follow-up study of traumatic injuries to the permanent dentition. ASDC J Dent Child. 1989;56(6):417–425
[4]. Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM. Textbook and Color Atlas of Traumatic Injuries to the Teeth. Copenhagen: Munksgaard; 1993. p. 216‑56.
[5]. Qazi SR et al. First-aid knowledge about tooth avulsion among dentists, doctors and lay people. Dent Traumatol. 2009;25(3):295-9

Abstract: Preeclampsia is prevalent in 3-10% of pregnant women. The etiology is multifactorial. There is endothelial dysfunction leading to placental ischemia, maternal syndrome of hypertension and proteinuria. Aspirin has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory action. The therapeutic effect of low dose aspirin can be used in prevention of preeclampsia in high risk antenatal group. Aims and objectives: This study was done to assess the therapeutic efficacy of low dose aspirin in prevention of preeclampsia and its complications in at risk antenatal women
Materials and Methods :This is a prospective study to measure the therapeutic effect of low dose aspirin versus placebo is the prevention of pre eclampsia syndrome.......

KEYWORDS: Aspirin, preeclampsia, IUGR, uterine artery doppler ultrasound.

[1]. Nidhi sharma,Sunayana Srinivasan, Jayasree Sriivasan, Role of Aspirin in High Pulsatility Index of Uterine Artery: A Consort Study J Obstet Gynaecol India, 2018 Oct;68(5):382-388.
[2]. Steegers EA, von Dadelszen P, Duvekot JJ, Pijnenborg R. Pre-eclampsia. Lancet 2010;376: 631-44.
[3]. Tooher J, Thornton C, Makris A, et al. Hypertension in pregnancy and long-term cardiovascular mortality: a retrospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016;214: 722.e1-6.
[4]. Lo JO, Mission JF, Caughey AB. Hypertensive disease of pregnancy and maternal mortality. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2013;25: 124-32
[5]. Bujold E, Roberge S, Lacasse Y, Bureau M, Audibert F, Marcoux S, et al. Prevention of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction with aspirin started in early pregnancy: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 2010;116(2 Pt 1):402–14.

Abstract: Purpose: To find out the etiology of vitreous hemorrhage in cases of vitreous hemorrhage at a tertiary eye Centre in Jhansi. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India for one year from December 2019 to November 2020. Materials and methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study done over a period of one year. One hundred subjects with vitreous haemorrhage were evaluated in detail to establish the etiology. Statistics: The mean value and standard deviation were calculated. The data were analyzed using Microsoft excel and SPSS 11.5 program. Results: A total of 110 eyes...

Key Word: vasculitis, vitreous hemorrhage, diabetic retinopathy, Eales disease

[1]. Abraham C, Baig SM, Badrinath SS (1977). Eales disease Proc. All India Ophthalmol Soc; 33:223– 9.
[2]. Biswas J, Shah SS (1995). Evaluation of the efficacy of using periocular and or systemic steroid in the inflammatory stage of Eales disease. Indian Ophthalmology Today; 266–7.
[3]. Butner RW, McPherson AR (1982). Spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage. Ann Ophthalmol; 14(3):268-70.
[4]. Dana MR, Werner MS, Viana MA, Shapiro MJ (1993). Spontaneous and traumatic vitreous hemorrhage. Ophthalmology; 100: 1377-1383.
[5]. Das T, Biswas J, Kumar A,(1994). Eales disease. Indian J Ophthalmol.; 42:3–18

Abstract: Background: Turner's syndrome is chromosomal abnormality were where phenotypic females have either missing X chromosome. In turner syndrome several ocular diseases are associated in the past, including one case only of proven iridocyclitis. Methods: In this case study we report the clinical finding of single female with turner's syndrome and uveitis for a mean period of 12 month. Result: This patient has recurrent iridocyclitis and amenorrhea. The iridocyclitis in turner syndrome was chronic and may be due to contraindication to use of systemic steroids. Although the final visual outcome is 6/6. Conclusions: Iridocyclitis should be included in the list of ocular manifestation in turner syndrome.

Keywords: Turner's syndrome, Chromosome, Iridocyclitis, Amenorrhea, Steroid

[1]. Adhikary HP (1981) Ocular manifestations of Turner's syndrome. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 101:395–396.
[2]. 2. Bateman BJ (1998) Cataracts. In:Traboulsi EI (ed) Genetic diseases ofthe eye.Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 205–206.
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[4]. Lessel S, Forbes AP (1966) Eye signsin Turner's syndrome. Arch Ophthalm-ol 76:211–213.
[5]. Kokler JA, Grant DB (1981) Crohn's disease in Turner's syndrome. Br MedJ 282:950..

Abstract: Introduction AIDS is a disease that is spread by retrovirus HIV. It is a permanent infection and almost always fatal. In spite of global efforts to stop the epidemic, a huge number of people get infected by HIV still. The epidemic which was once confined to the high risk population only now has been shifted to the general population via the bridge population. There are huge social and economic implications of HIV infection. Even after all the efforts to increase awareness of HIV in general population, not much has been explored to find the knowledge level in HIV patients. Thus, this study was done with the objectives to know the socio demographic profiles of the study subjects and to assess the knowledge of HIV AIDS and its prevention among the study subjects. Materials and Methods......

Keywords: Perception regarding HIV, Preventive measures of HIV, awareness on HIV

[1]. HIV / AIDS | National Health Portal Of India [Internet]. [cited 2021 Feb 10]. Available from: https://www.nhp.gov.in/hiv-aids_pg
[2]. HIV/AIDS [Internet]. [cited 2021 Feb 10]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids
[3]. Prevention Strategies | National AIDS Control Organization | MoHFW | GoI [Internet]. [cited 2021 Feb 10]. Available from: http://www.naco.gov.in/prevention-strategies
[4]. Dokubo EK, Shiraishi RW, Young PW, Neal JJ, Aberle-Grasse J, Honwana N, et al. Awareness of HIV Status, Prevention Knowledge and Condom Use among People Living with HIV in Mozambique. PLoS ONE [Internet]. 2014 Sep 15 [cited 2021 Feb 10];9(9). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4164358/
[5]. Socioeconomic consequences of HIV/AIDS in the family system [Internet]. [cited 2021 Feb 10]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3329095/.