iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2021

Abstract: Background: The emergence of the disease caused by the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in an unprecedented global public health crisis. To minimize community spread of the disease, countries adopted many preventive strategies like social distancing, lockdowns, and quarantine of suspected cases. Health care centres have shifted their facilities to meet the massive influx of patients with Covid, interrupting all community-based health promotion and disease prevention services. The percentage of patients with advanced oral cancer is alarming in India. Early diagnosis of oral cancer is so critical that if it is delayed, there is high chance of metastasis to regional lymph nodes causing the probability of survival to be decreased by 50 percent. Hence, this study was undertaken.........

Key Word: COVID 19, diagnosis, impact, Oral cancer

[1]. Montero PH, Patel SG. Cancer of the oral cavity. Surgical Oncology Clinics. 2015 Jul 1;24(3):491-508. [2]. Baykul T, Yilmaz HH, Aydin Ü, Aydin MA, Aksoy MC, Yildirim D. Early diagnosis of oral cancer. Journal of International Medical Research. 2010 Jun;38(3):737-49. [3]. Cancino RS, Su Z, Mesa R, Tomlinson GE, Wang J. The Impact of COVID-19 on Cancer Screening: Challenges and Opportunities. JMIR cancer. 2020;6(2):e21697. [4]. Garg P, Karjodkar F. "Catch Them before it Becomes Too Late"—Oral Cancer Detection. Report of Two Cases and Review of Diagnostic AIDS in Cancer Detection. International journal of preventive medicine. 2012 Oct;3(10):737. [5]. Dinmohamed AG, Visser O, Verhoeven RH, Louwman MW, van Nederveen FH, Willems SM, Merkx MA, Lemmens VE, Nagtegaal ID, Siesling S. Fewer cancer diagnoses during the COVID-19 epidemic in the Netherlands. The Lancet Oncology. 2020 Jun 1;21(6):750-1..

Abstract: Background: Globally, the incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) varies widely from region to region (1), with the highest rates observed in the Czech Republic and North America (2). In the United States, there are approximately 76,000 new cases and almost 14,000 deaths from RCC each year (3). Worldwide, in 2018, there were an estimated 403,000 new cases of RCC and 175,000 deaths due to kidney cancer (4), that makes studies that aids effective diagnosis highly valuable; as the analysis of texture parameters is a useful way of increasing the information obtainable from medical images, hence it has been chosen by the researcher to study renal parenchymal diseases considering that there is only few previous studies considered the method including a recent one conducted by the researcher using first order features ; which guided the researcher to use the current more specific approach......

Key Words: texture analysis; renal cell carcinoma; renal cyst; higher order; CT; texture feature model; GLRLM

[1]. Znaor A et al., international variations and trends in renal cell carcinoma and mortality Eur UroI 2015; 67:519.
[2]. Chow WH, Dong LM, Devesa SS. Epidemiology and risk factors for kidney cancer. NAT rev UroI 2010; 7:245.
[3]. Siegel, R.L.; Miller, K.D.; Jemal, A, 2021 CA ancer J clin 2021; 71:7.
[4]. Bray F et. al.Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries CA cancer J clin 2018; 68:394.
[5]. Siegel, R.L.; Miller, K.D.; Jemal, A. Cancer statistics, 2019. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2019, 69, 7–34..

Abstract: Background: Poor Nutrition during first 1000 days of a child's life leads to stunted growth which is irreversible. It is also seen to be associated with impaired cognitive ability and reduced school performances1. Malnutrition is vicious as it leads to recurring illness, faltering growth and diminished learning ability2. Objective: To describe the socio-demographic profile of under five children of Bagbazar slum community and also to assess the nutritional status and morbidity profile of them. Methodology: An observational descriptive study with cross-sectional design was done at Bagbazar slum community in Kolkata among 76 mothers/care givers of under five children by house to house visit with a pre-designed, pre-tested semi-structured......

Key Word: Stunting, underweight, ARI, Diarrhea

[1]. Nutrition (UNICEF) internet, [cited 2019, Jun 10] Available from : http://unicef.in/story/1124/Nutrition
[2]. United Nations Children's Fund, Progress since World summit for children – A statistical review. UNICEF, New York, 2001
[3]. The optimal duration of exclusive breast feeding : report of an expert consultation. Department of nutrition for health and development and department of child and adolescent health and development. Geneva : World Health Organisation; 2001 [cited 2019 Sept 02]. Available from –http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications /optimal duration of exc b feeding report eng. Pdf.
[4]. IMCI information. Management of childhood illness in developing countries : Rationale for an integrated strategy 199; UNICEF.
[5]. UNICEF Data : Monitoring the situation of children and women Nutrition. Current Status + progress.
Available at : https://data.unicef.org/topc/nutrition/malnutrition/#. Last accessed on 24.08.2019

Abstract: Background: Uterine abnormalities, congenital or acquired, are implicated as one of the causes of infertility. Hence a complete infertility workup should include an evaluation of uterine cavity. The role of hysteroscopy in infertility investigation is to detect possible intrauterine changes that could interfere with implantation or growth, or both of the conceptus. Objective: To identify and to study the incidence of endometrial pathology in infertility and to identify patients with infertility having uterine anomaly for further management...

Key Word: Hysteroscopy, Infertility, Endometrium

[1]. Patel A, Sharma PS, Kumar P. "In cycles of dreams, despair, and desperation:" Research perspectives on infertility specific distress in patients undergoing fertility treatments. J. Hum. Reproductive Sci. 2018 Oct;11(4):320.
[2]. Study Links Menstruation and Fertility | The Brink | Boston University [Internet]. [cited 2019 Nov 8]. Available from: https://www.bu.edu/articles/2016/ menstruation-and-fertility/
[3]. Shukla P, Yadav K, Mishra S. Hysteroscopic evaluation of uterine cavity in cases of infertility and its correlation with transvaginal ultrasound and hysterosalpingography. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol.2016 Dec 14;5(11):3843–8.
[4]. Ples L, Alexandrescu C, Ionescu CA, Arvatescu CA, Vladareanu S, Moga MA. Three-dimensional scan of the uterine cavity of infertile women before assisted reproductive technology use. Medicine. 2018 Oct;97(41).
[5]. Kupesic S, Kurjak A, Skenderovic S, Bjelos D. Screening for uterine abnormalities by three-dimensional ultrasound improves perinatal outcome. J. Perinat. Med. 2002 Feb 26;30(1):9-17.

Abstract: Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a syndrome characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism associated with absolute or relative deficiency of insulin secretion and /or insulin action. Adiponectin, a protein secreted by adipocytes acts as a hormone with anti-inflammatory and insulin sensitizing properties and regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. Number of studies have explored the role of adiponectin in insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance in Type 2 DM among the various population across the world. However, limited data are available to compare the levels of serum adiponectin and body mass index (BMI) among diabetic patients in Manipur. Objective: To compare the levels of serum adiponectin....

Key Word: Type 2 DM, Hyperglycemia, Insulin, Adiponectin, Adipocytes, BMI.

[1]. Bennet PH. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance. In: Kahn CR, Weir GC, Williams L, Philadelphia L, editors. Joslin's Diabetes Mellitus 13th ed. India: BI Publications Pvt Ltd;1995.p.193-200.
[2]. Danaei G, Finucane MM, Lu Y, Singh GM, Cowan MJ, Paciorek CJ, et al. National, regional, and global trends in fasting plasma glucose and diabetes prevalence since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 370 country-years and 2·7 million participants. Lancet 2011;378(9785):31-40.[3]. Shashank RJ, Das AK, Vijay VJ, Mohan V. Challenges in diabetes care in India: sheer numbers, lack of awareness and inadequate control. J Assoc Physicians India 2008;56(6):443-50.
[4]. Costa MC, Brito LL, Barbosa PJB, Ines L. Adiponectin and low cardiometabolic risk in obese women. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab 2011;2(004-2730):55.
[5]. Pajvani UB, Scherer PE. Adiponectin: systemic contributor to insulin sensitivity. Curr Diab Rep 2003;3(3):207-13.

Abstract: Introduction: Incisional hernias (IH) are among the most common abdominal surgery complications. The overall estimated incidence of IH ranges from 2 to 11%and 80–95% develop it within six months to 3 years after surgery. An 8 to 29% of the IH are asymptomatic and remain undetected if the patient is not examined. Wound infection, suture closure technique and obesity are the most critical risk factors for the development of IH. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study done at our hospital between January 2017 and December 2020. A total number of 98 cases were included in this study. Detailed history was recorded and thorough clinical examination done. The patients were investigated for routine blood examination, ultrasonography and radiology......

Key Word: Incisional hernia, Polypropylene mesh repair, ultrasound, chest x-ray

[1]. Mudge M, Hughes L. Incisional hernia: A 10-year prospective study of incidence and attitudes. Br J Surg 1985;72:70-1.4.
[2]. Cuschieri A, Steele RJ, Moossa AR, editors. Incisional hernia. In: Essential Surgical Practice. 4thed. New York: Arnold Publications; 2002. p. 169.
[3]. Bessa SS, Katri K, Abdel-Salam WN, Abdel-Baki NA. Early results from the use of the Lichtenstein repair in the management of strangulated groin hernia. Hernia. 2008;11:239-42.
[4]. Chart R, Chart V, and Eisenstat M. The neutrophil NADPH oxidase. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 2000:397;342.
[5]. Cichetti G, Allen PG, Glogauer M. A case-control study of incisional hernia repair. Surgical Endoscopy. 2002;14:117-9..

Abstract: Ultrasonography and computed tomography as the diagnostic tools have been evaluated with respect to visualisation, localisation, classification and intervention. A study was conducted on 46 patients attending the Department of Chest Medicine, Bankura Sammilani Medical College, Bankura. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was done by lumber puncture needle (Spinocan® 22G) and biopsy by biopsy needle (Bard®, 16G). Forty six lesions (34 parenchymal, 9 mediastinal, 2 pleural, 1 chest wall lesions) were studied. Among them, 36 cases were evaluated by both...

Key Word: Ultrasonography, Peripheral Intrathoracic Mass, Computed tomography, FNAC

[1]. Siegelman SS, Khouri NF, Leo FP et al. Solitary Pulmonary nodules: CT assessment Radiology 160: 307, 1986.
[2]. Zerhouri EA, Stitik FP, Siegelmen SS et al: CT of pulmonary nodule – a cooperative study. Radiology 160: 319, 1986.
[3]. Behra D Lung cancer in India – A reprisal Ind J Chest Dis: 1992, 34:91.
[4]. Notani P, Sanghvi LD. A retrospective study of lung cancer in Bombay. Brit J. Cancer 1974: 29:477.
[5]. Weiberg B, Diakou makis EE, Kass EG et al: The air bronchogram: sonographic demonstration. AJR 1986: 147: 593-595..

Abstract: Background: With aging, individuals often decline in physical and cognitive functions, and social networks may narrow. Social relationships are positively associated with health status across the life, the narrowing of social networks may be problematic for health in older age and lessen subjective well-being, life satisfaction, and quality of life. With emerging changes in our social and cultural values, the aged who are economically unproductive are thus neglected. Due to this, the elderly experience loneliness and this has detrimental influence on their mental health. Aims: To study the prevalence of morbidity, social dynamics of elderly, and its effect on their morbidity profile. Methodology: A community based cross-sectional study conducted at UHTC, Suraj Kund, Meerut, from June 2019 to September 2020. A total of 220 elderly aged 60 years and above were included and selected by Simple Random Sampling technique, by taking prevalence of morbidity as 87.6%. Elderly were interviewed using predesigned and pretested questionnaire. Data was collected, compiled and tabulated using Epi info software version 7.0.......

Keywords: Social dynamism, Elderly, Morbidity, Simple Random Sampling Introduction

[1]. Chang P, Wray L, Lin Y. Social Relationships, Leisure Activity, and Health in Older Adults. Health psychology: official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association. 2014;33(6):516-523.
[2]. Kaur G, Bansal R, Anand T, Kumar A, Singh J. Morbidity profile of noncommunicable diseases among elderly in a city in North India. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. 2019;7(1):29-34.
[3]. Srivastava K, Gupta SC, Kaushal SK, Chaturvedi M. Morbidity profile of elderly a cross sectional study of urban Agra. Indian J Community Health. 2010Jun.30 22(1):51-5. Available from: https://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/vie w/168.
[4]. Sharma D, Mazta S, Parashar A. Morbidity pattern and health- seeking behavior of aged population residing in Shimla hills of north India: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2013;2(2):188.
[5]. Usha P, Kishore S, Singh M, Jain B, Kumar D, Kumar Reddy N et al. A study of morbidity profile among geriatric population in Uttarakhand: A community based cross-sectional study. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2020;9(7):3677

Abstract: Background: Student candidates in recruitment years of study must undergo certain clinical tests, including visual acuity, which is carried out in the ophthalmology department of the university teaching hospital of Lubumbashi. The aim of this work was to determine the frequency of accidentally discovered refractive errors in those who registered for the 2019-2020 academic year. Materials and Methods: descriptive study with retrospective collection of the files of patients attended to at the ophthalmological center of the university teaching hospital of Lubumbashi for physical fitness tests and referred for consultation for reduced visual acuity, from august........

Key Word: Amblyopia; Astigmatism; Hyperopia; Myopia; Physical fitness; Refractive error

[1]. Roth A, Gomez A, Péchereau A. La réfraction de l'oeil: du diagnostic à l'équipement optique. Elsevier Masson, France 2007, p14.
[2]. Flaxman SR, Bourne RRA, Resnikoff S, Ackland P, Braithwaite T, Cicinelli MV et al. Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990-2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2017; 5 (12): e1221-e1234.
[3]. Naidoo K, Kempen JH, Gichuhi S, Braithwaite T, Casson RJ, Cicinelli MV et al. Prevalence and causes of vision loss in sub-Saharan Africa in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020; bjophthalmol-2019-315217.
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[5]. Jaggernath J, Naidoo K. Uncorrected refractive errors. Indian J Ophthalmol 2012; 60 (5): 432..

Abstract: Le poignet est une région anatomique comprenant les articulations radiocarpienne et radio-ulnaire distale. Il correspond à l'extrémité distale des deux os de l'avant-bras liés entre eux comme un véritable cadre antébrachial. Ces articulations permettent l'orientation de la main dans l'espace (associées à la médio-carpienne). Le radius distal est au centre des systèmes et sa fracture en fonction de la forme anatomopathologique entraîne un retentissement fonctionnel sur les secteurs de flexions dorsale et palmaire et/ou sur la pronosupination. La fracture de l'extrémité distale du radius représente 10 à 15 % des fractures vues en urgence. Les radiographies simples, pré et post opératoires réalisées en milieu hospitalier permettent l'analyse des fractures de l'extrémité distale du radius. Le diagnostic de la fracture est en général facile. Le but du traitement chirurgical est de réduire le.......

Key Word: Radius, embrochage, Kapandji

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