iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2021

Abstract: . We all, with great enthusiasm and hope welcomed the year 2020,little did any one of us know what would unfold before us.
 With cases of COVID-19 slowly rising in India,Prime Minister Narendra Modi declared a nationwide lockdown on 24th March 2020 for 3 weeks.
 As the panic started,more speculations and predictions began and practically all systems went haywire.No one knew how to react!
 As an orthopaedic resident working in GGH,we discharged most of the post op patients and stopped all elective admissions.

.............

Abstract: This study is a review of the literature based on oro-maxillo-facial modifications in patients with endocrine diseases. To carry out the study, 49 articles and specialized books were studied, these being included in the bibliographic references. Oro-maxillo-facial morphological transformations following endocrine pathology represents a current oral health problem, with influences on the proper functioning of the whole body, requiring both an early diagnosis and a complex, multidisciplinary management: endocrine, psychological, pharmacological, physical, dental.

Key Word: oral cavity, endocrine diseases, endocrine glands

[1]. Shaffer H.L, editor. A Textbook of Oral Pathology. Fourth Edition. Philadelphia: W.B Saunders Company. 1983; 654-656
[2]. .Farag AM. Head and Neck Manifestations of Endocrine Disorders. Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2017 Sep;25(2):197-207. doi: 10.1016/j.cxom.2017.04.011. PMID: 28778308.
[3]. Anil Govindrao Ghom. Endocrine Disorders. Text Book of Oral Medicine. 2nd ed.New Delhi: Jaypee publishers; 2013;.874-891
[4]. Ionescu B., Editura Medicala, București .1988; 30-35
[5]. Litsas G.,. Growth Hormone and Craniofacial Tissues.The Open Dentistry Journal. 2015;9; 1-8

Abstract: Background: Thalassemia is the most common monogenic disorder in the world. Main stay of treatment in β Thalassemia major is frequent blood transfusion and chelation therapy. Due to multiple blood transfusions; Transfusion Transmitted Infection (TTI) is a major challenge to the transfusion services all over the world. This study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of blood TTI in multiple blood transfused patients of β thalassaemia major. Materials and Methods:Prospective cross sectional study was conducted at BSMC&H,West Bengal between june 2015 to May 2016 among βThalassemia major patients up to 12 years of age received >5 blood transfusions. Total 200 samples were taken who fulfilled the inclusion criteria made for our study. Seropositivity status data were collected and analysed using Microsoft excel data sheet and IBM SPSver.22. Pvalue <0.005 was considered significant.........

Key words: HBSAg, Anti HCV Ab, β Thalassemia.

[1]. Kremastinos DT, Tsiapras DP, Kostopoulou AG, Hamodraka ES, Chaidaroglou AS, Kapsali ED. NT-proBNP levels and diastolic dysfunction inbeta-thalassaemia major patients. Eur J Heart Fail. 2007;9:531–536.
[2]. Jain M, Sinha RSK, Ghellani H, Anand NK. Asssessment of thyroid functions and its role in body growth in thalassemia major. Indian Pediatr February 1995;.32: 213-219.
[3]. Ehlers KH, Levin AR, Markenson AL, Marcus JR, Klein AA, Hilgartner MW, et al. Longitudinal study of cardiac function in thalassemia major. Ann N Y AcadSci 1980;344:397-404.
[4]. Chakrabarti S. Pradhan P. Roy A et al - Prevalence of anti HCV, HBsAg and HIV Ab in high risk recipients of blood products dept of pathology NRS. Med. College Kolkata - IJ. Public health 2006. Jan - Mar. 50(1) P. 43 - 44.
[5]. HardikBhavsar, Kanu Patel, MahendraVegad,Molly Madan, Anita Pandey, AshishAsthana, KalpeshMistry. Prevalence of HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infection in Thalassemiamajor patients in tertiary care hospital, Gujarat, NJIRM 2011; Vol. 2(3). July- September.

Abstract: Introduction : La corrélation entre les lésions glomérulaires de la néphropathie lupique (NL) et le risque d'insuffisance rénale (IR) chronique est assez bien codifiée. L'atteinte tubulo-interstitielle (ATI) fréquemment associée, son impact, est moins étudié. But : évaluer la sévérité de l'ATI et étudier son impact dans la survenue de l'IR chronique (IRC). Patientsetméthodes : Une étude rétrospective monocentrique portant sur les patients hospitalisés (entre 2012 et 2014) pour une NL de classes I à V établie selon le SLICC. L'ATI a été évaluée à la microscopie optique, et sa gravité était définie selon son étendue en s'aidant du score d'Austin. Résultats :Au total, 38 cas étaient colligés. Nos patientes présentaient à l'admission : une hématurie microscopique (n = 33), un syndrome néphrotique (n = 25). L'IR était retrouvé dans 50 %. La NL était proliférative..........

Mots clés : lupus –Tubulopathie-insuffisance rénale

[1]. Karras A. La néphropathie lupique : le point en 2014. Rev Med Interne. 2015 ; 36 (2) : 98-106.
[2]. Karras A. Atteinte rénale du lupus érythémateux disséminé. Presse Med. 2012 ; 41(3) :260-6.
[3]. Kiremitci S, Ensari A. Classification lupus nephritis: an ongoing story. The scientific world journal. 2014 ; 2014 (2014) : 1-10.
[4]. Hsieh C, Charg A, Brandt A, Guttikonda R, Utset TO, Clark MR. Predicting Outcomes of Lupus Nephritis With Tubulointerstitial Inflammation and Scarring. Arthritis care &research. 2011; 63(6):865-74.

Abstract: Objectives: The objective of this study was evaluation of cervical spine by 1.5 tesla mri in a young long term technology device users presented with neck pain. Materials and Methods: The present prospective study is carried out at department of radiology, Guru Gobind Singh Hospital and shri M P Shah Medical College, Jamnagar. This is study of total 400 patients carried out in 12 month duration from January 2020 to January 2021, in which 200 patients aged between 20-45 yrs selected as study group presented with complaint of neck pain using technological devices like mobile and laptop for long time (average duration of technology device use was 5 years) and 200 patients aged between 45- 70 yrs selected as comparison group presented with complaint of back pain..........

Key Word: Cervical spine, technological devices, mobile, laptop.

[1]. Hansraj KK. Assessment of stresses in the cervical spine caused by posture and position of the head. Surg Technol Int. 2014;25:277–79. PMid:25393825.
[2]. Scheer JK, Tang JA, Smith JS, et al. Cervical spine alignment, sagittal deformity, and clinical implications: a review. Journal of Neurosurgery Spine. 2013;19(2):141–59. PMid:23768023.
[3]. Shimizu K, Nakamura M, Nishikawa Y, et al. Spinal kyphosis causes demyelination and neuronal loss in the spinal cord: a new model of kyphotic deformity using juvenile Japanese small game fowls. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2005;30:2388–92.
[4]. Waxenbaum JA, Futterman B. Anatomy, Back, Intervertebral Discs. InStatPearls [Internet] 2018 Dec 13. StatPearls Publishing.
[5]. Marchand, F. and A.M. Ahmed, Investigation of the laminate structure of lumbar disc anulus fibrosus. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1990. 15(5): p. 402-10.

Abstract: The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak started in China in December 2019, and by March 2020 had spread across the globe. The COVID-19 outbreak may profoundly impact population mental health because of exposure to substantial psychosocial stress (Brown et al., 2020). It affected almost everybody and so many ways. Social distancing and other public health interventions to combat the spread of COVID-19 may have immediate and longer-term effects on people with, or who are at risk of psychosis. The classical concept of reactive psychosis, also known as psychogenic psychosis, encompasses a set of acute onset and short-lived psychotic conditions triggered by psychological trauma. This nosological entity as well as other traditional descriptions, such as bouffée délirante

[1]. Brown E, Gray R, Monaco SL, O'Donoghue B, Nelson B, Thompson A, Francey S, McGorry P. The potential impact of COVID-19 on psychosis: A rapid review of contemporary epidemic and pandemic research. Schizophrenia research. 2020 May 6.
[2]. Valdés-Florido MJ, López-Díaz Á, Palermo-Zeballos FJ, Martínez-Molina I, Martín-Gil VE, Crespo-Facorro B, Ruiz-Veguilla M. Reactive psychoses in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: clinical perspectives from a case series. Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental. 2020 Apr 27.
[3]. Zulkifli, N. A., Sivapatham, S., & Guan, N. C. (2020). Brief psychotic disorder in relation to coronavirus, COVID-19 outbreaks: a case report. Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 29(1).

Abstract: Introduction: As of now, the total number of people affected globally by novel Corona Virus Disease is over 28 million with death of 903,000 cases since the virus was identified in November 2019 [1]. The preliminary statistics have been focused on severe respiratory manifestations, which are seen mostly in adults, with very little initial data on the burden of COVID -19 in Pediatric population. Children may play a major role in community based viral transmission.[2] there is also evidence that fecal shedding occurs in the stool for several weeks following diagnosis, leading to concerns about feco-oral transmission of the virus.Method: Data regarding COVID-19 positive cases from the last week of March 2020 to second week of August 2020 were collected in MS excel sheet..........

Key Word: Asymptomatic infection; ARDS; Fecal-oral transmission; Multi-organ failure

[1]. International update: Global Covid deaths likely to pass 1 million by October – infections near 28 million [internet]; 10 September 2020 (Last Updated September 10th, 2020 12:33). Available from: https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/special-focus/covid-19/international-update-global-covid-deaths-likely-to-pass-1-million-by-october-infections-near-28-million
[2]. Cruz AT and Zeichner SL. COVID-19 in Children: Initial Characterization of the Pediatric Disease. Pediatrics. 2020;145(6):e20200834
[3]. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus- infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China [published online ahead of print February 7, 2020]. JAMA. doi:10.1001/ jama.2020.1585
[4]. Dong Y, Mo X, Hu Y, et al. Epidemiology of COVID-19 among children in China. Pediatrics. 2020;145(6):e20200702
[5]. CaiJ,XuJ,LinD,etal.Acaseseriesof children with 2019 novel coronavirus infection: clinical and epidemiological features [published online ahead of print February 28, 2020]. Clin Infect Dis. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa198

Abstract: Implant prosthetic therapy has changed the way of understanding of modern dentistry. Dental implantology is a term used today to describe anchoring of alloplastic material into the jaws to provide support and retention for prosthetic replacement of teeth that has been lost. Successful implant therapy, proper treatment plan considering both surgical and prosthetic part is the key of success. This present article has discussed different prosthetic options for implant supported prosthesis. A step-by-step detailed prosthetic options with their indications has been discussed to help all dental implant practitioners in making a successful treatment for different cases and patients.

Key Word: Prosthetic, implant supported prosthesis, treatment options

[1]. Dewan SK, Arora A, Sehgal M, Khullar A. Implant failures: A broader perspective. J Dent Implant 2015;5:53-9.
[2]. Dholam KP, Gurav SV. Dental implants in irradiated jaws: A literature review. J Cancer Res Ther 2012;8 Suppl 1:S85-93.
[3]. Misch CE. Dental Implant Prosthetics. 2nd ed. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014.
[4]. Mehrotra G, Iyer S, Verma M. Treatment planning the implant patient. Int J Clin Implant Dent 2009;1:12-21.
[5]. Babbush CA, Hahn JA, Krauser JT, Rosenlicht JL. Dental Implants – E-Book: The Art and Science. 2nd ed. Philadelphia- United States: Saunders; 2010.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: An ideal solvent must facilitate convenient Gutta percha removal during root canal retreatment so that apical extrusion of solvents and debris could be prevented. Endosolv helps in the removal of zinc-oxide eugenol and phenolic resin-based root canal sealers. RC Solve is derived from orange oil which helps in dissolving guttapurcha & zinc oxide cement. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of different solvents based on the weight of apically extruded debris and irrigant while retreatment in an agar gel model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Solvents such as Endosolv and RC Solve were chosen. Sixty extracted human mandibular premolar teeth were divided into three groups (n = 20). Root canal treatment was done for all specimens and the weight of the specimen was measured alone prior to insertion and after insertion into the test apparatus..........

Key Word: Endosolv, apical extrusion, RC solve, Reciproc

[1]. Siqueira JF Jr (2001) Aetiology of root canal treatment failure: why well-treated teeth can fail. International Endodontic Journal 34,1 –10
[2]. Ruddle CJ (2004) Nonsurgical retreatment. Journal of Endodontics 30, 827–45.
[3]. Huang X, Ling J, Wei X, Gu L (2007) Quantitative evaluation of debris extruded apically by using ProTaper Universal Tulsa rotary system in endodontic retreatment. Journal of Endodontics 33, 1102–5.
[4]. Ferraz CC, Gomes NV, Gomes BP, Zaia AA, Teixeira FB, Souza-Filho FJ (2001) Apical extrusion of debris and irrigants using two hand and three engine-driven instrumentation techniques. International Endodontic Journal 34, 354–8.
[5]. Ladley RW, Campbell AD, Hicks ML, Li SH (1991) Effectiveness of halothane used with ultrasonic or hand instrumentation to remove gutta-percha from the root canal. Journal of Endodontics 17, 221–4.

Abstract: Acute Pancreatitis(AP) is an acute inflammatory disease, one of the most frequent gastrointestinal causes of hospital admissions.Majority of patients have mild, self limited disease, however 20% of patients have severe form.The early assessment of disease severity to estimate the complications and organ failure is fundamental Red cell distribution(RDW) has been proposed as an early prognostic marker with increased mortality in variety of pathophysiological conditions. Our objectives are to evaluate RDW prognostic marker in Acute Pancreatitis. The study was conducted at Bangalore medical college and research institute with 110 patients diagnosed of Acute Pancreatitis..........

Key Word: Acute Pancreatitis; Red cell distribution width.

[1]. Bhattacharya: The Pancreas. In: N.S.Williams: Bailey and Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 26th ed. England: CRC Press; 2013: 1127-1128.
[2]. Roberts SE, Akbari A, Thorne K, Atkinson M, Evans PA. The incidence of acute pancreatitis: impact of social deprivation, alcohol consumption, seasonal and demographic factors. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2013;38(5):539–48.
[3]. Banks PA, Bollen TL, Dervenis C, Gooszen HG, Johnson CD, Sarr MG, et al. Classification of acute pancreatitis—2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus. Gut. 2012;62(1):102–11.
[4]. Maheshwari R, Subramanian RM. Severe Acute Pancreatitis and Necrotizing Pancreatitis. Critical Care Clinics. 2016;32(2):279–90.
[5]. .Bugiantella W, Rondelli F, Boni M, Stella P, Polistena A, Sanguinetti A, et al. Necrotizing pancreatitis: A review of the interventions. International Journal of Surgery. 2016;28.

Abstract: Primary umbilical endometriosis (PUE) is defined as the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue in the umbilical region of the abdomen. Although extra-pelvic endometriosis is not uncommon, a spontaneous development of endometriosis in the umbilical region without any previous surgical intervention is rare and accounts for only 0.5% to 1% of all cases. In the current case report, we present an interesting case of a young women with a history of pain the peri-umbilical region followed by bleeding through the umbilicus during menstrual cycles for the past 6 months. On examination, a vague nodularity was felt just below the umbilicus in the subcutaneous plane. Imaging studies indicated the benign nature of the lesion which was subsequently excised and sent for histopathological examination. Microscopically it was found to be a focus of extra-pelvic, primary endometriosis in the umbilical region.

Key Word: Extra-pelvic, Primary umbilical endometriosis, Subcutaneous plane

[1]. Sabharwal G, Agarwal M, Mettler L, Alkatout I. Primary umbilical endometriosis with menstruation from the umbilicus: a case report and review of the literature: TheTrocar 2020; 1: 19-24.
[2]. E. Spaziani, M. Picchio, A. Di Filippo, C. De Cristofano, F. Ceci, F. Stagnitti,Spontaneous umbilical endometriosis: a case report with one-year follow-up,Clin. Exp. Obstet. Gynecol. 2009; 36:263–4.
[3]. P. Rosina, S. Pugliarello, C. Colato, G. Girolomoni, Endometriosis of umbilical cicatrix: case report and review of the literature, Acta Dermato venerol. Croat. 2008; 16:218-21.
[4]. Lee A, Tran HT, Walters RF, Yee H, Rosenman C, Sánchez MR. Cutaneous umbilical endometriosis. Dermatol Online J. 2008; 14:23-6.
[5]. Adolfo D, Brandão P, Ramôa P, et al. Umbilical endometriosis in a patient without abdominal surgery. Obstet Gynecol Int J. 2018; 9:326‒7.

Abstract: Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms are rare primary tumors of appendix which pose a major diagnostic challenge to histopathologists as categorizing these tumors is critical for further surgical management and predicting the disease-free survival rates. In the current case report, we put forth 2 cases of low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMNs), in middle aged women, with similar complaints of abdominal pain for a few weeks before seeking medical attention. On imaging studies, the lesion was suggestive of an appendiceal mucocele in one of the cases and as a metabolically inactive space occupying lesion in the right iliac fossa in the other. On histopathological examination, one of the tumors was entirely confined to the appendix and hence was categorized as stage Tis while the other was found to be producing copious amounts of mucin, dissecting through the appendiceal wall and involving the visceral peritoneum, manifesting in pseudomyxoma peritonei localized to the right iliac fossa and hence categorized as stage T4a.

Key Word: Histopathological examination, Low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm, Mucocele, Pseudomyxoma peritonei, Women.

[1]. Gonzalez H H, Herard K, Mijares M C. A Rare Case of Low-grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm: A Case Report. Cureus 2019; 11:1-6.
[2]. Ramaswamy V: Pathology of mucinous appendiceal tumors and pseudomyxoma peritonei. Indian J Surg Oncol. 2016; 7:258-267. [3]. Saleem N, Shahid F, Ali SM, Rashid S, Al-Tarakji M, Sameer M. Incidental low grade mucinous neoplasm of appendix in pregnancy: A case report & literature review. Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 2020; 59:195-8. [4]. Yanagawa S, Yoshinaka H, Tanji H, Kodama S, Takeshima Y, Sumimoto K. Rare Cases of Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm: Two Case Reports and a Literature Review. Case reports in oncology. 2019; 12:488-93. [5]. Yang JM, Zhang WH, Yang DD, Jiang H, Yu L, Gao F. Giant low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:1726-31.