iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2021

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Diabetic patients who develop COVID-19 have been seen to have a worse prognosis and increased mortality in most studies. The reason for increased severity of COVID-19 infection in diabetes is unclear. Since the onset of the corona virus disease pandemic in 2019 (COVID-19), numerous studies have attempted to identify laboratory predictors of the course of this disease. Identification of laboratory biomarkers associated with COVID-19 has also shed light on pathological mechanisms of the disease. OJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to compare the inflammatory markers (CRP, Ferritin, CK, LDH, D-dimer and NLR) in COVID- 19 patients with and without diabetes and to compare the association of diabetes with the severity of COVID- 19 based on lung involvement......

KEY WORDS: Inflammatory markers, Covid-19, Diabetes, Ferritin.

[1]. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. (2020) 395:497–506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
[2]. Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y, Liang W, Ou C, He J, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. (2020) 382:1708– 20. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
[3]. Chen Y, Gong X, Guo J. Effects of hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease on COVID-19 diseases severity: a systematic
review and meta-analysis. 2020.
[4]. Bode B, Garrett V, Messler J, McFarland R, Crowe J, Booth R, et al. Glycemic characteristics and clinical outcomes of COVID-
[5]. 19 patients hospitalized in the United States. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2020

Abstract: Background: Obstructed labour continues to be a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity in low income countries even in 21st century. If detected and managed early, which will give a healthy mother and baby. Materials and Methods: 90 patients admitted with feature of obstructed labour were studied. Detailed history included age, antenatal check-up, sociodemographic factors, referral history, obstetric history, features of obstruction, intrapartum events were recorded. Condition of patients, mode of delivery, preoperative and postoperative complications, maternal.....

Keyword: Obstructed labour, maternal morbidity, perinatal mortality

[1]. Gessessew A, Mesfin M. Obstructed labour in Adigrat Zonal Hospital, Tigray region, Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2003;17(3):175-80.
[2]. Cron J. Lessons from the developing world: obstructed labour and the vesicovaginal fistula. Med Gen Med. 2003;5(3):24-9.
[3]. Mekbib T, Kassaye E, Getachew A, Tadesse T, Debebe A. The FIGO save the mothers initiative: The Ethiopia-Sweden collaboration. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2003;81(1):93-102.
[4]. Rahman MH, Akter HH, Khan Choudury ME, Yusuf HR, Roochat RW. Obstetrics deaths in Bangladesh 1996-1997. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2002;77(2):161-9.
[5]. Dolea C, Abou Zahr C. Global burden of labour in the year 2000. Evidence and Information for Policy (EIP), World Health Organization, Geneva, July 2003;[1-17 screen]. Available at URL:http//:http://www.who.int/healthinfo/ statistics/bod_obstructedlabour.pdf. Accessed on July 29, 2018..

Abstract: Background: Hollow viscus perforation is an emergency condition with an estimated 10 % of the cases presenting at the emergency room. It is one of the most complex cases encountered in surgical practice due to the varied etiologies and prognoses. Thus, there is a need for a prognostic model in this subset of patients so as to provide them with utmost quality care and to utilize resources optimally. The Surgical Apgar scoring system is superior to the less scientific clinical assessment of surgical risk in patients with perforation of hollow viscus, which might help the treating surgeon to tailor the modality of surgical management for individual patients. The main aim of this study is to assess the role of Surgical Apgar Score as a prognostic tool in patients presenting with hollow viscus perforation.....

Key word: Hollow viscus perforation, Surgical Apgar Score, prognosis

[1]. Gawande AA, Kwaan MR, Regenbogen SE, Lipsitz SA, Zinner MJ. An Apgar score for surgery. J Am Coll Surg 2007;204:201-8.
[2]. Regenbogen SE, Ehrenfeld JM, Lipsitz SR, Greenberg CC, Hutter MM, Gawande AA. Utility of the surgical Apgar score: Validation in 4119 patients. Arch Surg 2009;144:30-6.
[3]. Regenbogen SE, Lancaster TR, Lipsitz SR, Greenberg CC, Hutter MM,
[4]. Gawande A, et al. Does the surgical Apgar score measure intraoperative performance? Ann Surg 2008;248:320-8.
[5]. Mak PH, Campbell RC, Irwin MG; American Society of Anesthesiologists. The ASA physical status classification: Inter-observer consistency. American Society of Anesthesiologists. Anaesth Intensive Care 2002;30:633-40..

Abstract: Background: Elderly age group is one of the risk factor for tuberculosis. The presentation of tuberculosis in elderly may vary at times from young adults. Such atypical presentation may delay the diagnosis in elderly patients. Aim of the study is to compare the clinico-radiological pattern of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis in the adults (18-50 years) and elderly (> 50 years). Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out on all new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the Department of pulmonary medicine in a tertiary care hospital in south india.......

KEYWORDS: Pulmonary tuberculosis,Elderly, Adults, Atypical Presentation

[1] Rita Sood. The problem of geriatric tuberculosis. Journal of Indian Academy of Clinical Medicine. Vol.5 (2), 2000; 5:156-8.
[2] Stead WW, Logfren JP, and Warren E, et al. Tuberculosis as anendemic and nosocomial infection among the elderly innursing homes. New England Journal ofMedicine, 1985; 312:1483–1487.
[3] Rieder HL, Kelly GD, Bloch AD, et al. Tuberculosis diagnosed at death in the United States. Chest 1991; 100:678–68.
[4] Tocque K, Bellis MA, Tarn CM, Chan SL et al. Long- term trends in tuberculosis.Comparison of age-cohort data between Hong Kong and England and Wales. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 1998; 158: 484-8.
[5] National Tuberculosis Association of the USA.Diagnostic Standards and Classification of Tuberculosis. New York.National Tuberculosis Association, 1961..

Abstract: Introduction: Burn is a form of injury with high mortality and morbidity, and the treatment of special area burns is even more difficult. There is no proven treatment method recommended for anterior chest wall and breast burns that are cannulated as special areas.
Materials and Method: We retrospectively scanned 39 anterior chest wall burn and breast burn cases between January, 2018 and January, 2020. We determined that gender, age, etiological factors, deepening of the burn after 48 hours, type of accident and the treatments applied, are screening parameters. Results: It was observed that the burns of male patients were mostly due to occupational accidents and that breast burns occured more in both genders after scalding, but deepening was frequent after 48 hours in women and the response to topical treatments was less for them.......

KEYWORDS: Breast, Burn, Breast bud, Contracture

[1]. Pandya S, Moore RG. Breast development and anatomy. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2011;54(1):91-5.
[2]. Gaskin KM, Peoples GE, McGhee DE. The fibro-adipose structure of the female breast: A dissection study. Clin Anat. 2020;33(1):146-55.
[3]. Rehnke RD, Groening RM, Van Buskirk ER, Clarke JM. Anatomy of the Superficial Fascia System of the Breast: A Comprehensive Theory of Breast Fascial Anatomy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018;142(5):1135-44.
[4]. Nielson CB, Duethman NC, Howard JM, Moncure M, Wood JG. Burns: Pathophysiology of Systemic Complications and Current Management. Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association. 2017;38(1):e469-e81.
[5]. Loss M, Infanger M, Künzi W, Meyer VE. The burned female breast: a report on four cases. Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries. 2002;28(6):601-5.

Abstract: The occurrence of a painful, inflammatory swelling in a lower limb is consistent with several diagnoses, such as deep vein thrombosis, compartment syndrome, muscle rupture, soft tissue infection, hemorrhagic or neoplastic processes, myositis, pyomyositis, etc. In the diabetic patient, an unusual diagnosis should be added to this list, i.e. so-called diabetic muscle infarction (DMI). Skeletal muscle infarction is a rare condition occurring specifically in the diabetic patient. Accurate management of DMI depends mainly on the physician's awareness of this condition, which can avoid unnecessary or potentially hazardous investigations and delayed or inadequate treatment [1,2,3,4]......

[1]. Painful swelling of the thigh in a diabetic patient: diabetic muscle infarction. Lafforgue P1, Janand-Delenne B, Lassman-Vague V, Daumen-Legré V, Pham T, Vague P. Diabetes Metab. 1999 Sep;25(3):255-60.
[2]. [Painful syndromes in diabetic patients due to skeletal muscle injuries]. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2006 Oct;50(5):957-62. Pereira FO1, Medeiros YS.
[3]. M. Bahrami, A. Ataie-Jafari, S. Hosseini, M. H. Foruzanfar, M. Rahmani, and M. Pajouhi, "Effects of natural honey consumption in diabetic patients: an 8-week randomized clinical trial," International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, vol. 60, no. 7, pp. 618–626, 2009.
[4]. S. Wild, G. Roglic, A. Green, R. Sicree, and H. King, "Global prevalence of diabetes estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030," Diabetes Care, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 1047–1053, 2004.
[5]. Bickels J, Ben-Sira L, Kessler A, Wientroub S: Primary pyomyositis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 84:A2277–A2286, 2002.

Abstract: Class II malocclusion is the most common type of malocclusion seen in day to day practice. It is a condition in which the mandibular first molars occlude distal to a normal relationship with the maxillary first molar. The treatment of class II patients varies with age. While for a patient in his pubertal growth spurt, treatment goal would be to address the skeletal malrelationship using growth modification along with fixed orthodontics, for an adult patient with no growth remaining, the goal would be to camouflage the skeletal malocclusion or address the malocclusion by surgery. This article discusses the treatment modalities in the management of skeletal class II malocclusion in growing patients.

KEYWORDS: Growth Modification, Dental camouflage, Growing patients, Skeletal correction

[1]. Proffit WR, Fields Jr HW, Sarver DM. Contemporary orthodontics: 5th ed. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2006 Dec 8.
[2]. Bishara SE, Saunders WB. Textbook of orthodontics: 1st ed. Saunders Book Company; 2001 Mar 21.
[3]. Graber TM, Swain BF. Current orthodontic concepts and techniques: 2nd ed. WB Saunders company; 1975.
[4]. Moyers RE, Riolo ML, Guire KE, Wainright RL, Bookstein FL. Differential diagnosis of Class II malocclusions: Part 1. Facial types associated with Class II malocclusions. Am J Orthod 1980;78(5):477-94.
[5]. Darendeliler MA. Validity of randomized clinical trials in evaluating the outcome of Class II treatment. Semin Orthod 2006; 12:67-79..

Abstract: Background:The harmful effect of alcohol use is a well-documented subject globally. However, little is known about the ethanol concentration of locally brewed alcoholic drinks in rural communities in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to determine the types of alcoholic drinks, their ethanol concentration and Standard Drink equivalent of the various locally brewed alcoholic drinks in Vwang District, Central Nigeria Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study where samples of alcoholic drinks were taken from all the commercial brewing house across the four wards of Vwang District. Determination of ethanol content of the brews was based on the standards of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The concentration of alcohol (ethanol) determined was converted to standard units by multiplying the amount of ethanol by volume (one litre) by the constant 0.789.......

KEYWORDS: Ethanol concentration, Standard drink, Locally brewed, alcoholic drinks.

[1]. World Health Organisation, Alcohol. World Health Organisation. 2018 Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/alcohol. [Accessed 15 Apr 2019]
[2]. Bahri O, Ezzikouri S, Alaya-Bouafif NB, Iguer F, El Feydi AE, Mestiri H, Benazzouz M, Khalfallah T, Afifi R, Elkihal L, Berkane S. First multicenter study for risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma development in North Africa. World journal of hepatology. 2011 Jan 27;3(1):24. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3035699/pdf/WJH-3-24.pdf.
[3]. Ferreira-Borges C, Parry C, Babor T. Harmful use of alcohol: a shadow over sub-Saharan Africa in need of workable solutions. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2017;14(4):346. Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/14/4/346/htm
[4]. Jernigan DH, Babor TF. The concentration of the global alcohol industry and its penetration in the A frican region. Addiction. 2015 Apr;110(4):551-60. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25771689. [Accessed 15 Apr 2019]
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Abstract: Aim is to determine the importance of HbA1C levels and systemic hypertension in predicting the development of Diabetic Retinopathy and the relation between them Background: Diabetic mellitus is a important cause of avoidable blindness in both developing and developed countries.. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in India is 18%1. The risk of DR is mainly attributed to HbA1C status,systemic hypertension and diabetic duration2. A higher Hb1AC is associated with both increased incidence as well as progression of diabetic retinopathy3. It has been observed that prevalence of hypertension is higher in diabetic subjects than in the general population and as it also plays a major role in the progression of DR, so tight control of hypertension is mandatory4.......

KEYWORDS: HbA1C, Hypertension, diabetic retinopathy.

[1]. RajivRamanMS,DNB1Padmaja,KumariRaniMS,FNB1SudhirReddi,RachepalleDNB,MPH2PerumalGnanamoorthy,MSc2SatagopanUthraMSMLT,PhD3GovindasamyKumaramanickavel,MD3TarunSharmaMD,FRCSEd Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in India:Sankara Nethralaya Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology and Molecular Genetics Study Report 2 Volume 116, Issue 2 Pages A1-A30, 173-366 (February 2009) Access date : 12/11/2019
[2]. Claudia R. L. Cardoso Nathalie C. Leite, Eduardo Dib& Gil F. Salles predictors of development and progression of retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: importance of blood pressure parameters.Scientific reports | 7:4867 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-05159-6 Access date: 12/11/2017
[3]. Noel Wat, Raymond LM Wong *, Ian YH Wong associations between diabetic retinopathy and systemic risk factors Hong Kong Med J 2016;22:589–99
[4]. BK Srivastava, M Rema Does Hypertension Play a Role in Diabetic Retinopathy? Received : 5.10.2004; Accepted : 4.7.2005 Access date: 14/09/2019
[5]. National society to prevent blindness. In: Visual problems in the US data analysis definition, data sources, detailed data tables, analysis, interpretation. New York: National society to prevent blindness; 1980;1-46.