iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2021

Abstract: Background: Among all pediatric injuries, femur shaft fractures account for 1.6%. The treatment of choice for children aged 6-14 years is still debatable as multiple modalities of operative interventions are available. Flexible intramedullary nailing has emerged as an accepted procedure for pediatric (age 6-14) femur shaft fractures. But orthopedic surgeons remain divided in opinion regarding its usefulness and functional outcomes. Aim: To assess clinical and radiological outcomes of pediatric femoral shaft fractures treated with enders nail and compare its results with other literature. Materials & Methods: 25 patients aged between......

Keywords: Femur diaphyseal fractures, Ender's nail, Flynn criteria

[1]. Flynn JM, Hresko T, Reynolds RA, Blasier RD, Davidson R, Kasser J. Titanium elastic nails for pediatric femur fractures: a multicenter study of early results with analysis of complications. J Pediatr Orthop. 2001 Jan-Feb;21(1):4-8. doi: 10.1097/00004694-200101000-00003. PMID: 11176345.
[2]. Ligier JN, Metaizeau JP, Prévot J, Lascombes P. Elastic stable intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures in children. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1988 Jan;70(1):74-7. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.70B1.3339064. PMID: 3339064.
[3]. Oztürkmen Y, Doğrul C, Balioğlu MB, Karli M. Cocuk femur diafiz kiriklarinin elastik Ender çivileriyle intramedüller stabilizasyonu [Intramedullary stabilization of pediatric diaphyseal femur fractures with elastic Ender nails]. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2002;36(3):220-7. Turkish. PMID: 12510079.
[4]. Khazzam M, Tassone C, Liu XC, Lyon R, Freeto B, Schwab J, Thometz J. Use of flexible intramedullary nail fixation in treating femur fractures in children. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2009 Mar;38(3):E49-55. PMID: 19377650.
[5]. Shekhar L, Mayanger JC. A clinical study of Ender nails fixation in femoral shaft fractures in children. Indian J Orthop 2006; 40: 35-7.

Abstract: Background: Subarachnoid block with local anaesthetics and adjuvants has been extensively used for surgery. Intrathecal midazolam produces antinociception and potentiates the effect of local anaesthetics. We compared intrathecal bupivacaine with and without midazolam to assess its effect on the duration of sensory block, motor block and pain relief. Methods: This is a prospective randomised single blinded study. Hundred patients were enrolled ad divided into two groups having 50 patients in each group. Group A received 0.5% Bupivacaine with Midazolam 2mg intrathecal; Group B received 0.5% Bupivacaine with 0.9% normal saline. Onset and duration of sensorymotor block, two segment regression, hemodynamics, postop analgesic requirement, complications if any has been observed......

Key Word: spinal anaesthesia, benzodiazepine's, nociceptive receptors, lowerlimb surgeries.

[1]. Boublik J, Gupta R, Bhar S, Atchabahian A. Prilocaine spinal anesthesia for ambulatory surgery: A review of the available studies. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2016;35(6):417–421.
[2]. BrullR, Macfarlane A.Miller's Anaesthesia. 8th ed. Philadelphia: ELSEVIER; 2015.
[3]. Marri SR. Adjuvant agents in regional anaesthesia. J of Anes & Cri Open Access 2012;13(11):559–562.
[4]. Hocking G, Wildsmith JAW. Intrathecal Drug Spread. Br J Anaesth 2004;93(4) : 568-78.
[5]. N Agarwal, AUsmani, R Sehgal, R Kumar, P Bhadoria. Effect of intrathecal midazolam bupivacaine combination on postoperative analgesia. Ind J Anaesth 2005; 49(1): 39-39

Abstract: Background: The posterior condylar canal which is present in the posterior condylar fossa transmits an emissary vein connecting the sigmoid sinus with veins in the suboccipital triangle. The incidence of posterior condylar canals shows a racial variation from 13.3% in Modern Palestinians to 70% in Peruvian crania. Variations in the posterior condylar canal and emissary veins are of great clinical significance.
Objectives: To determine the incidence and laterality of the posterior condylar canal. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted in 50 dried adult human skulls in the Department of Anatomy, JNIMS, Imphal, Manipur, India.......

Key words: Posterior condylar canal, posterior condylar fossa, emissary vein, variation

[1]. Bannister LH. Skeletal system. In: Roger W. Soames. Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of medicine and surgery. 38th ed. London: Churchill Livingstone; 2000. p. 567.
[2]. Ozgoren O, Gulec F, Pekcevik Y, Sengul G. Radiological and anatomical evaluation of the posterior condylar canal, posterior condylar vein and occipital foramen. Anatomy. 2015; 9(3): 151-5.
[3]. Ginsberg LE. The posterior condylar canal. American journal of neuroradiology 1994; 15: 969-72.
[4]. Boyd GI. The emissary foramina of the cranium in man and the anthropoids. J Anat 1930; 65(1): 108-21.
[5]. Okudera T et al. Development of posterior fossa dural sinuses, emissary veins, and jugular bulb: morphological and radiologic study. American journal of neuroradiology 1994; 15: 1871-83.

Abstract: The availability, use, choice, and quality brackets have increased very rapidly in recent years. The self-ligating bracket was introduced to create a "friction-free" environment with the belief that it will allow for better sliding mechanics; as the teeth move more rapidly, treatment time is decreased. Additionally, the self-ligating bracket is suggested to reduce chair side time, promote better oral hygiene and allow for better infection control. The basic premise of the self-ligating bracket is that the closing or opening mechanism of the bracket turns the bracket slot into the tube that passively or actively contains the wire. In the absence of wire or elastomeric ties presumably frictional resistance is dramatically reduced and tooth movement occurs at a greater velocity. This review article merely focus on history, types, properties, advantages and limitations of self-ligating bracket system.

Key words: Self-ligating brackets (SLBs), Active clips, Passive slide, Smart clip, Lateral Expansion

[1]. Birnie D, Harradine NW. Introduction. Semin in Orthod 2008; 14:1–4.
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[3]. Cacciafesta V, Sfondrini MF, Riccardi A, Scribante A, Klersy C, Auricchio F. Evaluation of friction of stainless steel and esthetic self-ligating brackets in various bracket-archwire combinations. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003; 124:395-402
[4]. Voudouris JC. Interactive edgewise mechanisms: form and function comparison with conventional edgewise brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1997; 111: 119-40
[5]. Gottlieb EL, Wildman AJ, Lang HM, Lee IF, Strauch EC Jr. The Edgelok bracket. J Clin Orthod 1972;6:613-23.

Abstract: Background: A number of studies showed that the risk of reactivation of HPV infection and development of cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer was high in women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and pregnant women. The present work's objective was to determine the frequency of human papillomavirus (HPV).

[1]. Akarolo-anthony SN, Famooto AO, Dareng EO, Olaniyan OB, Offiong R, Wheeler CM, et al. Age-specific prevalence of human papilloma virus infection among Nigerian women. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(656):1–7.
[2]. Ali-Risasi C, Verdonck K, Padalko E, VandenBroeck D, Praet M. Prevalence and risk factors for cancer of the uterine cervix among women living in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a cross-sectional study. Infect Agent Cancer. 2015; 10:20.
[3]. Ambühl LMM, Baandrup U, Dybkær K, Blaakær J, Uldbjerg N, Sørensen S. Human Papillomavirus Infection as a Possible Cause of Spontaneous Abortion and Spontaneous Preterm Delivery. Infect Dis ObstetGynecol [Internet]. 2016 [cité 28 avr 2017] ; 2016. Disponible sur : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4826700/
[4]. Ardhaoui M, Ennaifer E, Letaief H, Salsabil R, Lassili T. Prevalence, Genotype Distribution and Risk Factors for Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection in the Grand Tunis Region, Tunisia. PLoS One. 2016 ;11(6): e0157432.
[5]. Assoumou SZ, Mbiguino AN, Mabika BM, Ogoula SN, Mzibri M El, Khattabi A, et al. Human papillomavirus genotypes distribution among Gabonese women with normal cytology and cervical abnormalities. Infect Agent Cancer [Internet]. 2016 ;11(2):1–8. Availablefrom:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13027-016-0046-0.

Abstract: Background:Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Globally 2,10,671 cases were detected in 2017 with an incidence of 2.77 per 1,00,000 population. Though Bangladesh achieved national elimination of leprosy in 1998, 3,754 new cases were detected in 2017 and 3,729 in 2018. The prevalence of disability due to leprosy among adults was 45.35 per 1,00,000 population in an endemic area of Bangladesh. Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) have been accepted as a useful method to estimate the burden of disease.This study was designed to find out the DALYs of leprosy affected persons living with disabilities in Bangladesh.Materials and Methods:This cross sectional descriptive type of observational study was conducted in 12 districts of 4 administrative divisions of Bangladesh during the period from July 2019 to June 2020 among 64 persons affected by leprosy living with disability who were ever registered to any Tuberculosis and Leprosy clinics. Data were collected by face to face interview of the selected patients with leprosy using a pretested, semi-structured case record......

Key words: Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Leprosy, Bangladesh

[1]. Rahman M, Alamgir A K M, Hafiz M A. Rashid, Khabir, Hyder's Textbook of Community Medicine and Public Health. 5th edition. 2012 M A H Publishers, Dhaka, Bangladesh. pp 353-359.
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[3]. WHO, Weekly Epidemiological Record. 30 August 2019;35/36(94):389–412
[4]. Job CK. Nerve damage in leprosy. Int J Lept. 1989;57:532-539.
[5]. Van Brakel W H. Peripheral neuropathy in leprosy and its consequences. Lepr. Rev. 2000;71suppls 146-153.
[6]. Withington S G. Leprosy and disability in Banglaesh. Asia Pacific Disability Rehabilitation Journal. 2006;17(2). https://www.dinf.ne.jp/doc/english/ asia/resource/ apdrj/v172006/lepdisability-bdesh.html. Accessed on July 2019.

Abstract: For the pregnant woman the uncertainty is a relevant factor, which could have a positive or negative influence on the maternal-fetal welfare, due to it is a moment that generates reordering in woman's life. Objective This study had as a objective to analyze the uncertainty level handled by pregnant women with morbidity that attended gynecological-obstetrics service......

[1]. Abrar A, Fairbrother N, Smith AP, Skoll A, & Albert AYK. (2020). Anxiety among women experiencing medically complicated pregnancy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Birth, 47(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/birt.12443
[2]. Así Vamos en Salud. (2020, March 16). Razón de mortalidad materna-georeferenciado. https://www.asivamosensalud.org/indicadores/salud-sexual-y-reproductiva/razon-de-mortalidad-materna-georeferenciado
[3]. Badakhsh M, Hastings-Tolsma M, Firouzkohi M, Amirshahi M, & Hashemi ZS. (2020). The lived experience of women with a high-risk pregnancy: A phenomenology investigation. Midwifery, 82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2019.102625
[4]. Bera, T. (2020). Biopsychosocial Wellbeing of High-Risk Pregnant Women: A Descriptive Study. International Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Research, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.9318.201931
[5]. Cataudella, S., Lampis, J., Agus, M., Casula, F., & Monni, G. (2019). A Pilot Study of the Relationship Between Pregnancy and Autoimmune Disease: Exploring the Mother's Psychological Process. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01961..

Abstract: BACKGROUND:- The International Classification of Diseases defines term pregnancy as delivery between 37 weeks 0 days and 41 weeks 6 days. Recommended classification of deliveries from 37 weeks of gestation as per ACOG 2013 1: Early term: 37 0/7 weeks through 38 6/7 weeks, Full term:39 0/7 weeks through 40 6/7 weeks, Late term:41 0/7 weeks through 41 6/7 weeks, Post term: 42 0/7 weeks and beyond. It is well known that only 4% of pregnant women deliver on their expected date of delivery2. Post term pregnancies are cause for more intensive clinical evaluation and intervention The incidence of postdated pregnancy decreases as the accuracy of dating criteria used increases.....

[1]. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Committee on Obstetric Practice Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine; JAMA 2013: 309(23):2445-2446: doi.10.1001
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Abstract: The research objective was to determine the planning management of the principal in improving the performance of teaching staff. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study at the Senior High School (SHS) in Jambi Province. Data collection techniques include interviews, observation, and documentation. The research was conducted at SHS 1 Merangin, SHS 1 Muara Bungo, and SHS 1 Jambi. The research subjects included the principal, teachers, vice principals, and school staff. The results showed that the principal's planning to improve the performance of educators was in the form of policy formulation carried out by deliberation, discussion and meetings with....

Keywords: Planning Management, Principals and Educator Performance

[1] Ramayulis, Teacher Profession and Ethics, (Jakarta: Kalam Mulia, 2013).
[2] Euis Karwati dan Donni Juni Priansa, Kinerja dan Profesionalisme Kepala Sekolah. (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2013)
[3] Mukhtar dan Iskandar, Orientasi Baru Supervisi Pendidikan, (Jakarta : Gaung Persada Press, 2009).
[4] Wahyosumidjo, Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah, (Jakarta : Rajawali Pers, 2011).
[5] George. R. terry, prinsip-prinsip manajemen, alih bahasa J. Smith,Jakarta: bumi aksara, 2008

Abstract: Introduction: The complexity of root canal system and its variations may affect the negotiation of the canals, chemo-mechanical cleaning and shaping and three-dimensional obturation of the root canal system thus, ultimately the endodontic treatment outcome. C-shaped canal configuration is commonly seen in mandibular second molars. This article aims to discuss the different variation in C-shaped canal morphology, preoperative radiographic diagnosis, clinical diagnosis upon access preparation as well as guidelines for endodontic treatment of the same. Case series: This case report highlights the management of four different cases of C- shaped canal configurations using lateral condensation gutta-percha technique and management of retreatment of C- shaped canal.....

Keywords: C- shaped canal, mandibular second molar, retreatment

[1]. Cooke HG, Cox FL. C-shaped canal configuration in mandibular molars. J Am Dent Assoc 1979;99:836-839.
[2]. Jafarzadeh H, Wu YN. The C-shaped root canal configuration: A review. J Endod 2007;33:517-523.
[3]. Jin GC, Lee SJ, Roh BD. Anatomical study of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars by analysis of computed tomography. J Endod 2006;32:10-13.
[4]. Kim Y, Lee D, Kim DV, Kim SY. Analysis of Cause of Endodontic Failure of C-Shaped Root Canals. Scanning. 2018;2018
[5]. Raisingani D, Gupta S, Mital P, Khullar P. Anatomic and diagnostic challenges of C-shaped root canal system. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2014;7:35-39.