iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2021

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The term "Total mesorectal excision"strictly applies in the performance of a low anterior resection for tumors of middle and the lower rectum,wherein it is essential to remove the rectum along with the mesorectum up to the level of the levators.Mesorectum is the tissue surrounding the rectum covered by visceral layer of endopelvic fascia.It contains perirectal fats,draining lymph nodes and superior rectal blood vessels.The visceral and parietal layer of fascia are separated by a loose areolar tissue-the bloodless plane described by Heald as Holyplane.The plane of dissection lies in this avascular space. METHOD-27 diagnosed cases(both male and female)of middle......

Key Word: Endopelvic fascia,Mesorectum,Holyplane.

[1]. Heald RJ, husband Em, Ryall RD.The mesorectum in rectal cancer. Surgery: the clue to pelvic recurrence? Br J Surj. 1982;69:613-616.
[2]. MacFarlane JK, Ryall RD, Heald RJ. Mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Lancet. 1993;341:457-460.
[3]. Enker WE. Total mesorectal excision: the new golden standard of surgery.Semin Oncol. 1999;26:505-513.
[4]. Law WI, Chu KW Ho JW et al. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision. AM J Surg 2000; 179:92-96
[5]. Carlsen E, Schlichting EGuldvog I et al. Effect of the introduction of total mesorectal excision for the treatment of rectal cancer. Br J Surg. 1998;85:526-529

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus means hyperglycemia in pregnancy. By definition it is "carbohydrate intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy"¹. In recent times there is increasing prevalence of pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus. the worldwide prevalence ranges between 11-14%. The prevalence is slightly higher in the Indian population (16.5%) 2 as we Indians are inherently more vulnerable to get affected owing to our hereditary and genetic make up and ethnicity. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational study PERIOD OF STUDY: One year......

[1]. American Diabetes Association. Clinical Practice Recommendations. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(Suppl 1)
[2]. Buchanan TA, Xiang AH, Kjos SL, Watanabe RM. What is gestational diabetes? Diabetes Care. 2007;30(suppl 2):S105–S111.
[3]. Metzger BE, Lowe LP, Dyer AR, Trimble ER, Chaovarindr U, Coustan DR, Hadden DR, McCance DR, Hod M, McIntyre HD, Oats JJ, Persson B, Rogers MS, Sacks DA. HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group: Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:1991–2002.
[4]. 4. International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group Consensus Panel. International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups recommendations on the diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Diabetes Care. 2010;33:676–682.
[5]. Sacks DA, Hadden DR, Maresh M, Deerochanawong C, Dyer AR, Metzger BE, Lowe LP, Coustan DR, Hod M, Oats JN, Persson B, Trimble ER. HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group: The Frequency of gestational diabetes mellitus at collaborating centers based on IADPSG consensus panel-recommended criteria. Diabetes Care. 2012;35:526–528.

Abstract: Introduction- Type 2 diabetes , formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin.[4] Long-term complications from high blood sugar include heart disease, strokes, diabetic retinopathy which can result in blindness, kidney failure, and poor blood flow in the limbs which may lead to amputations.[5] Metformin is generally recommended as a first line treatment as there is some evidence that it decreases mortality;[7] It is the most prescribed anti-diabetic drug in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hence, considered a cornerstone in the treatment of T2DM.[8] the mechanism through which metformin induces vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with T2DM is presently unclear. Some of the suggested mechanisms include alteration in small bowel motility, which stimulates......

[1]. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. June 2014. Archived from the original on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
[2]. "Diabetes Fact sheet N°312". World Health Organization. August 2011. Archived from the original on 26 August 2013. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
[3]. Kirpichnikou D, Mcfarlane S, Sowers JR. Metformin: an update. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:25–33.
[4]. Toh SY, Zarshenas N, Jorgensen J. Prevalence of nutrient deficiencies in bariatric patients. Nutrition. 2009;25:1150.
[5]. Yamada K. Metal Ions in Life Sciences . Springer; 2013. Cobalt: Its Role in Health and Disease. In Astrid Sigel, Helmut Sigel and Roland K. O. Sigel. Interrelations between Essential Metal Ions and Human Diseases; pp. 295–320

Abstract: The modern concept for restorative dentistry is based on conservation and has concentrated on the importance of preservation of the sound tooth structure by taking the measures to preserve the integrity of teeth from being affected or by undergoing treatment protocols which involve the minimum intervention just necessary to restore the tooth as an active member in the masticatory apparatus and to ensure its future performance. Removal or to help remove caries-infected tissue as selectively as possible, while being minimally invasive through maximum preservation of caries-affected tissue with less time..

[1]. Tyas MJ, Anusavice KJ, Frencken JE & Mount G J. Minimal intervention dentistry-a review. Int Dent J 2000; 50: 1–12.
[2]. Simonsen RJ. From prevention to therapy: minimal intervention with sealants and resin restorative materials. J Dent 2011; 39(2): 27–33.
[3]. Frascaria M. Aesthetic rehabilitation in a young patient using a minimally invasive approach. A multidisciplinary case report. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2016; 17: 234–238.
[4]. Eichenberger M, Biner N, Amato M, Lussi A, Perrin P. Effect of magnification on the precision of tooth preparation in dentistry. Oper Dent 2018; 43: 501–507.
[5]. Yu H, Zhao Y, Li J. Minimal invasive microscopic tooth preparation in esthetic restoration: a specialist consensus. Int J Oral Sci 2019; 11: 31.

Abstract: Open apex are a challenge to an endodontist. Cleaning and filling of the root canal to induce a complete calcified barriers at the apex. Various treatment modalities are present to treat an immature open apices, open apex in nonvital teeth were confined to custom fitting the filling material, paste fills, and apical surgery. To create an apical barrier with a hard calcified tissue by apexification the main goal treatment. Biological healing is prove to be more beneficial in the long term. Further research is required into this novel approach to apexogenesis to assess the long-term prognosis of these teeth. Current research on pulp regeneration is growing and provides exciting possibilities for greater biological approaches to endodontics in the future.

[1]. Rafter M. Apexification : a review. Dent Traumatol 2005; 21: 1–8.
[2]. Friedlander et al. Dental stem cells and their potential role in apexogenesis and apexification. Int End J 2009;42, 955–962.
[3]. Purra AR et al. Mineral trioxide aggregate apexification: A novel approach. J Cons Dent 2016;19:377‑380
[4]. Vidal K et al. Apical closure in apexification: A review and case report of a apexification treatment of an immature permanent tooth with biodentine. J Endod 2016;42:730‑734.
[5]. Shabahang S. Treatment options: apexogenesis and apexification. J Endod 2013;39:26-29.

Abstract: Objectives: Proptosis is defined as an abnormal protrusion of the globe. Present study aimed to describe the etiological profile and treatment outcomes of patients with unilateral proptosis coming to a tertiary care center in Bundelkhand region during a period of 2 years.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India from January 2019 to December 2020 for a period of two years. Materials and Methods: Prospective study of all patients with proptosis coming to Ophthalmology out-patient department during the study period from.....

[1]. B. B. Kanski, Clinical Ophthalmology, A Systemic Approach, Elsevier Saunders Ltd, 8th edition, 2016.
[2]. P.Keche, A.Z.Nitnaware, M.Mair, P.Sakhare, and S.Satpute, "A study of tumors giving rise to unilateral proptosis," Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, vol. 65, Supplement 1, pp. 6–13, 2012.
[3]. A. Turnbull, S. Trikha, C. Whaley, D. Gibson, and E. Kashef, "Acquired unilateral proptosis – an overview of aetiology and radiological considerations," RAD Magazine, vol. 42, no. 488, pp. 15–17, 2016.
[4]. N.K.Khan, M.Moin, M.A.Khan, and A.Hameed, "Unilateral proptosis: a local experience," Biomédica, vol. 20, 2004.
[5]. H. S. Zakharia, K. E. Asdourian, and C. S. Matta, "Unilateral exophthalmos. Aetiological study of 85 cases," The British Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 56, pp. 678–686, 1972..

Abstract: INTRODUCTION The present study was to pool and analyze the results of all the reported studies to determine the true diagnostic accuracy of PCT in adult patients with suspected meningitis. AIM AND OBJECTIVE To predict pyogenic bacterial meningitis on the basis of independent factor like serum procalcitonin against CSF analysis (WBC, biochemistry, CSF culture and gram staining). METHOD: Observational diagnostic test evaluation study of 64 clinically suspected cases of meningitis had taken consecutively between June 2017-August 2018. RESULTS: We analysed 64 cases with suspected meningitis.......

KEYWORDS:Procalcitonin (PCT); Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM); Tubercular meningitis (TBM);
CSF analysis

[1]. Jens Vikse,Brandon Michael Henry,Joyeeta Roy,Piravin Kumar Ramakrishnan,Krzysztof A.TomaszewskiJerzy A.Walocha.The role of serum procalcitonin in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. https://doi.org/ 10.1016 /j.ijid.2015.07.011.
[2]. Dimitrios Velissaris ,Martina Pintea,Nikolaos Pantzaris ,Eirini Spatha.The Role of Procalcitonin in the Diagnosis of Meningitis.J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(6), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7060148.
[3]. Jinseung Kima, Si EunKimb, Bong Soo Parkc, KyongJin Shin. Procalcitonin as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Factor for Tuberculosis Meningitis. pISSN 1738-6586 / eISSN 2005-5013 / J ClinNeurol 2016;12(3):332-339 / http://dx.doi.org/10.3988/jcn.2016.12.3.332.
[4]. Usama M Alkholi, NerminAbd Al-monem, Ayman A Abd El-Azim, and Mohamed H Sultan. Serum Procalcitonin in Viral and Bacterial Meningitis. J Glob Infect Dis. 2011 Jan-Mar; 3(1): 14–18.doi: 10.4103/0974-777X.77290.
[5]. H. Peltola, M. JaakkolaC-reactive protein in early detection of bacteremic versus viral infections in immuno competent and compromised children J Pediatr, 113 (1988), pp. 641-646.

Abstract: Non-pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs), also known as community mitigation strategies, are additional approaches for slowing the spread of pandemic diseases and other illnesses until preferred COVID-19 elimination strategies (vaccinations) and/or preventative medications are fully implemented. NPIs are personal, community and environmental activities to sanitize and allow for proactive protection from the COVID-19 virus and its variants. To avoid infection, it is important to adhere to the 4 W's to avoid COVID-19: Wear a Mask, Wash Your Hands, Watch Your Distance, and Watch Your Vitals (Warning Signs) using a Vital Sign Monitor. Should individuals......

KEYWORDS: The 4 W's, NPI's, Non-pharmaceutical Interventions, Vaccinations, SpO2 Low Oxygen Levels, COVID-19 elimination strategies, remote health monitoring of vitals, remote health monitoring devices, Dyno50.

[1]. Fontanet, A., Autran, B., Lina, B., Kieny, M., Karim., S., Sidhar, D. (2021).
[2]. SARS-CoV-2 variants and ending the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet.
[3]. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00370-6
[4]. Baden, L., El Sahly, H., Essink, B., et al. (2021). Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2021; 384: 403-416. PMID: 33301246. PMCID: PMC7745181. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2034577
[5]. Polack, F., Thomas, S., Kichin, N., et al. (2020). Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2020; 383: 2603-2615. 1.

Abstract: Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia. It is one of the major fast growing non-communicable disease (NCD) and causes threats to global public health. The overwhelming burden of the disease threatens to stunt economic growth and undermine the benefits of improved standards of living and education. Proper education and awareness program developed according to the need of the society can improve the knowledge of general population and change their attitude. 3Obtaining information about the level of awareness is the first step in formulating a preventive program for the disease. There is need to investigate KAP among general population to aid in future development of program and techniques......

KEYWORDS: Knowledge, attitude, diabetes , practice.

[1]. 18th edition of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. ,Chapter 344.,Diabetes Mellitus
[2]. KNOWLEDGE OF USE OF INSULIN AMONG PATIENTS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS Christy Vijay et al ,Department of General Medicine, St John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore. India DOI:m http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2018.0904.xx, International Journal of Recent Scientific Research ,Vol. 9, Issue, 4(x), pp. xxx, April, 2018
[3]. Robb A, Reid B, Laird EA. Br J Community Nurs.Insulin knowledge and practice: a survey of district nurses in Northern Ireland 2017 Mar 2;22(3):138-145. Doi: 10.12968/bjcn.2017.22.3.138.
[4]. STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF GENERAL POPULATION OF WAGHODIA TOWARDS DIABETES MELLITUS ,Gunvanti B. Rathod et al , of Pathology, SBKS Medical Institute and Research Centre, Vadodara, Gujarat, India 2Department of Medicine, AMC MET Medical College, Sheth LG General Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India 3Department of Forensic Medicine, SBKS Medical Institute and Research Centre, Vadodara, Gujarat, India 4Consultant Physician, Gayatri Hospital, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India E-mail of Corresponding Author: neempath@gmail.com , IJCRR Vol 06 issue 01 Section: Healthcare
[5]. Rathod GB, Parmar P. Comparison regarding knowledge, attitude and practice of blood donation between health professionals and general population. Int J Cur Res Rev, Nov 2012, 04 (21): 114-120..

Abstract: Bien que moins bien étudié, un lambeau plantaire médial distal peut être utilisé pour la couverture des pertes de substance cutanées de l'avant-pied distal. Ces pertes de substance peuvent être d'origine traumatiques, métaboliques ou tumorales. La reconstruction des tissus mous doit utiliser des tissus durables, sensibles et fiables. La levée de ce lambeau présente certains inconvénients inhérents, dont l'un est le sacrifice du système vasculaire plantaire médian.

Keywords: artère plantaire interne, lambeau fascio-cutané, flux rétrograde

[1]. Ishikawa K, Isshiki N, Suzuki S. Distally based dorsalis pedis island flap for coverage of the distal portion of the foot. Br J Plast Surg 1987;40:521–5.
[2]. Ulkur E, Acikel C, Karagoz H, Celikoz B. Refinements of medial plantar flap used for covering nonweightbearing ankle and posterior heel defects requiring thin flaps. Ann Plast Surg 2005;55(4):371–3.
[3]. Oberlin C., Accioli de Vasconcellos Z., Touam C.: Medial plantar flap based istally on the lateral plantar artery to cover a facefoot hain deflect. Plast Reconstr Surg 2000; 106: pp. 874-877.
[4]. Bonte, A., Bertheuil, N., Menez, T., Grolleau, J., Herlin, C., & Chaput, B. (2018). Distally Based Medial Plantar Flap: A Classification of the Surgical Techniques. The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery.
[5]. Coruh A. Distally based perforator medial plantar flap: a new flap for reconstruction of plantar forefoot defects. Ann Plast Surg 53:404–408, 2004..

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Wound dehiscence or Burst abdomen following laparotomy is among the most dreaded postoperative complications and is of great concern due to its significant health care cost on patients and hospitals. The objectives of this study:
1. To study the occurrence of wound dehiscence following laparotomy and; 2. To identify and analyse the risk factors among patients developing wound dehiscence following laparotomy.....

Keywords: Wound dehiscence; Wound infection; Laparotomy; Midline incision; Emergency surgery; Peritonitis; Contaminated wound.

[1]. Roses RE, Morris JB. Maingot's Abdominal Operations. 13th ed. Zinner MJ, Ashley SW, Hines OJ, editors. 452–505 p.
[2]. Bucknall TE, Cox PJ, Ellis H. Burst abdomen and incisional hernia: a prospective study of 1129 major laparotomies. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982 Mar 27;284(6320):931–3.
[3]. Webster C, Neumayer L, Smout R, Horn S, Daley J, Henderson W, et al. Prognostic models of abdominal wound dehiscence after laparotomy. Journal of Surgical Research. 2003 Feb;109(2):130–7.
[4]. Hodgson NCF, Malthaner RA, Østbye T. The Search for an Ideal Method of Abdominal Fascial Closure: A Meta-Analysis. Annals of Surgery. 2000 Mar;231(3):436–42.
[5]. Mäkelä JT, Kiviniemi H, Juvonen T, Laitinen S. Factors influencing wound dehiscence after midline laparotomy. The American Journal of Surgery. 1995 Oct;170(4):387–90

Abstract: INTRODUCTION- Cesarean section is a surgical trauma to mother there is many complications associated with it. Due to changing trends incidence of cesarean section increases which leads to some permanent damage to mother. So vaginal birth after cesarean section can reduce the chances of cesarean section and its associated morbidity. But both method have its advantage and disadvantage so decision regarding based on individual patient and their characteristics. This study performed to assess the maternal and fetal outcome in patients of previous cesarean section by both the methods. METHODS- This is retrospective study was carried.......

[1]. Mc Graw-Hills Williams obstetrics: Prior cesarean delivery. (2007) Chapter 31. 24th edition.
[2]. Wells CE (2014) Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery.
[3]. Project, EURO-PERISTAT. European perinatal health report. Health and care of pregnant women and babies in Europe in 2010, 2013.
[4]. Chiniwar MA, Menasinkai SB. Maternal and neonatal outcome in patients with vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC). The New Indian Journal of OBGYN. 2019; 5(2): 99-102
[5]. Kalisa et al. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth (2017) 17:272.