iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2021

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, Which progressively damages every system of the human body including eye. • The nerves, retina and kidneys are the main targets affected by glucotoxicity resulting in "microangiopathy triad"

[1]. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in India: Sankara Nethralaya Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology and Molecular Genetics Study report 2.
[2]. Raman R1, Rani PK, Reddi Rachepalle S, Gnanamoorthy P, Uthra S, Kumaramanickavel G, Sharma T.
[3]. Prevalence and Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy when Age at Diagnosis Is 30 or More years.Ronald Klein,MD:Barakara E.K.Klein,MD;Scot E.Moss,Matthew D.Davis,MD;David L.DeMets,PhD Arch Ophthalmol 1984;102(4):527-532,doi:10.1001/archopht.
[4]. Visual outcome of laser treatment in diabetic retinopathy Shrestha S1 , Karki DB2 , Byanju R3 , Malla OK4 , Shrestha SM5 et all Consultant Ophthalmologist, Nepal Eye Hospital. Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2007), Vol. 5, No. 1, Issue 17, 72-80.
[5]. Visual Outcomes of Pan-retinal Photocoagulation in Diabetic Retinopathy at

Abstract: Oral Squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the head and neck region requires a multi disciplinary approach to find a complete solution to the problem. Therefore, the involvement of multiple specialists in its management (1). OSCC has an adverse impact on the health related quality of life (QOL) of the patient. Being the sixth most common malignancy in the world(2) with Southeast Asia as its hotbed, oral cancer continues to affect multiple lives and continues to be amongst the leading causes of mortality in the sphere of oncology. A clear lack of awareness, education and inability to receive appropriate healthcare measures continues to heat its stove. Looking into the exact etiology of oral cancer, one may be surprised to find out that its causative agents are all around us and available with ease and at a low price (far less than the price paid in its treatment including physical, mental, social and financial)......

[1]. Yao M, Epstein JB, Modi BJ, Pytynia KB, Mundt AJ, Feldman LE. Current surgical treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Oral oncology. 2007 Mar 1;43(3):213-23.
[2]. Kumar M, Nanavati R, Modi T, Dobariya C. Oral cancer: Etiology and risk factors: A review. J Cancer Res Ther. 2016;12(2):458.
[3]. Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) | CDC [Internet]. [cited 2018 May 27]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hrqol/index.htm
[4]. Poonia M, Ramalingam K, Goyal S, Sidhu SK. Nanotechnology in oral cancer: A comprehensive review. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol JOMFP. 2017 Dec;21(3):407–14.
[5]. Hassanein K a. -a. M, Musgrove BT, Bradbury E. Functional status of patients with oral cancer and its relation to style ofcoping, social support and psychological status. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2001 Oct 1;39(5):340–5.

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is a infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.The different forms of central nervous system (CNS) infection due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis include meningitis, tuberculoma, and spinal arachnoiditis.Among patients with tuberculosis, approximately 1 to 5 percent are complicated by CNS TB [1-11]. Therefore, in regions where the prevalence of TB is high and the prevalence of post-primary dissemination is common among children and young adults, all three forms of CNS TB (tuberculous meningitis, intracranial tuberculoma, and spinal tuberculous arachnoiditis) are encountered relatively frequently....

[1]. Nahid P, Dorman SE, Alipanah N, et al. Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 63:e147.
[2]. Thwaites G, Fisher M, Hemingway C, et al. British Infection Society guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis of the central nervous system in adults and children. J Infect 2009; 59:167.
[3]. Heemskerk AD, Bang ND, Mai NT, et al. Intensified Antituberculosis Therapy in Adults with Tuberculous Meningitis. N Engl J Med 2016; 374:124.
[4]. Svensson EM, Dian S, Te Brake L, et al. Model-Based Meta-analysis of Rifampicin Exposure and Mortality in Indonesian Tuberculous Meningitis Trials. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 71:1817.
[5]. Akkerman OW, Odish OF, Bolhuis MS, et al. Pharmacokinetics of Bedaquiline in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculous Meningitis. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 62:523..

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Infiltration of longer acting local anaesthetics around the surgical wound offers the advantages of simplicity and low cost and has been an important component of multimodal analgesia in recent years. We designed this prospective study to determine the efficacy and duration of postoperative analgesia by wound infiltration of tramadol as an adjuvant to Ropivacaine in Comparison to Ropivacaine alone in children undergoing ambulatory surgery.......

KEYWORDS: Tramadol, Ropivacaine, ambulatory surgery, postoperative analgesia, prospective, children

[1]. Giraldes AL, Sousa AM, Slullitel A, et al. Tramadol wound infiltration is not different from intravenous tramadol in children: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Anesth. 2016;28:62–66. [2]. Fleming S, Thompson M, Stevens R, et al. Normal ranges of heart rate and respiratory rate in children from birth to 18 years of age: A systematic review of observational studies. Lancet 2011; 377:1011. [3]. Walther-Larsen S, Aagaard GB, Friis SM, et al. Structured intervention for management of pain following day surgery in children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2016;26(2):151–157.
[4]. O B. Lao, R. J. Fitzgibbons, and R. A. Cusick, et al. Pediatric inguinal hernias, hydroceles, and undescended testicles, Surgical Clinics of North America, vol. 92, no. 3, pp. 487–504, 2012.
[5]. H. Willschke and S. Kettner, et al. Pediatric regional anesthesia: abdominal wall blocks,Paediatric Anaesthesia, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 88–92, 2012.

Abstract: The present study was aimed to compare Demirjian's & Cameriere's age estimation to chronologic age among children with mixed dentition attending Government dental college, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh. 20 male subjects of age range seven to fifteen years were considered for the study. Demirjian & Cameriere methods were used to assess the dental age and then compared with the chronologic age. Dental age was assessed with the orthopantomograph. Data was evaluated using paired t test and Karl Pearson's correlation. Insignificant values were obtained when both the methods were compared, however Negative correlation (–0.7598) was obtained in Demirjian's method and was statistically insignificant (P=0.9967), while Cameriere's method had a positive linear correlation (0.6393) with chronologic age and statistically significant (P=0.0171). The Cameriere's method is shown to be more reliable and accurate for age estimation than Demirjian's method.

[1]. Cameriere R, Ferrante L, Cingolani M. Age estimation in children by measurement of open apices in teeth. Int J Legal Med. 2006;120(1):49–53.
[2]. Shrestha A, Yadav RP, Shrtestha S et al. M of open apices in teeth for estimation of age in children. HR 2015;12:33-7. No Title.
[3]. Vadla P, Surekha R, Rao GV, Deepthi G, Naveen S, Kumar CA. Assessing the accuracy of Cameriere's Indian-specific formula for age estimation on right and left sides of orthopantomogram. Egypt J Forensic Sci. 2020;10(1).
[4]. Demirjian A, Goldstein H. New systems for dental maturity based on seven and four teeth. Ann Hum Biol. 1976;3(5):411–21.
[5]. Nair VV, Thomas S, Thomas J, Fathima S, Thomas D, Thomas T. Comparison of Cameriere's and Demirjian's methods of age estimation among children in Kerala: a pilot study. Clin Pract. 2018;8(1):0–2.

Abstract: Background: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome of systemic illness accompanied by bacteraemia occurring in the first month of life. There is a paucity of studies on the incidence of neonatal sepsis and the risk factors associated with it in this part of the country and with above background, the study was conducted in a tertiary care centre. Aims and Objectives: Study was conducted to determine the incidence and the risk factors of neonatal sepsis. Materials and Methods: A hospital based prospective analytical study was conducted among 87 neonates with perinatal risk factors and clinical manifestation suggestive of neonatal sepsis admitted in the Paediatric ward, RIMS, Imphal from September 2018 to August 2020. Pre-designed pro-forma was used for complete clinical history, clinical examination and investigations..........

Keywords: Neonatal sepsis, Early onset sepsis (EOS), Late onset sepsis (LOS), sepsis screen

[1]. Gomella TL, Cunningham MD, Eyal FG, Tuttle DJ, editors. Neonatology: management, procedures, on-call problems, diseases and drugs. 7th ed. New Delhi: McGraw Hill Education (India); 2013.
[2]. Wynn JL, Wong HR, Shanley TP, Bizzarro MJ, Saiman L, Polin RA. Time for a neonatal-specific consensus definition for sepsis. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2014; 15(6): 523–8.
[3]. Bang AT, Bang RA, Baitule SB, Reddy MH, Deshmukh MD. Effect of home-based neonatal care and management of sepsis on neonatal mortality: field trial in rural India. Lancet 1999;354(9194):1955-61.
[4]. Stoll BJ. The global impact of neonatal infection. Clin Perinatol 1997;24(1):1-21.
[5]. Abubakar I, Tillmann T, Banerjee A. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2015;385(9963):117–71.

Abstract: Background: Significant pain can be experienced after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Several modalities have been used to manage this pain. The present study compares the impact of bilateral subcostal TAP block and port site local infiltration with Ropivacainei(0.2%) in conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy for postoperative analgesia and opioid consumption. Methods: This is a prospective, randomised, single blinded observational study. Sixty patients were enrolled and divided into two groups having 30 patients in each group. Group A received bilateral ultrasound guided subcostal TAP block with 10 mL of 0.2% Ropivacaine on each side after the completion of surgery. Group B received similar amount of local anesthetic infiltrated over all the laparoscopic port sites........

Keywords: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; post-operative analgesia; subcostal TAP block.

[1]. Amreek F, Hussain SZM, Mnagi MH, Rizwan A (2019) Retrospective analysis of complications associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstones. Cureus. 11(7):e5152
[2]. Csikesz NG, Singla A, Murphy MM, Tseng JF, Shah SA (2010) Surgeon volume metrics in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Dig Dis Sci 55(8):2398–2405
[3]. Prasad A, Foley RJ (1996) Day case laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a safe and cost effective procedure. Eur J Surg 162(1):43–46
[4]. Qu JW, Xin C, Wang GY, Yuan ZQ, Li KW (2019) Feasibility and safety of single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy in an ambulatory setting. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 18(3):273–277.
[5]. Bisgaard T, Klarskov B, Rosenberg J, Kehlet H (2001) Characteristics and prediction of early pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Pain. 90(3):261–269

Abstract: The railway station is the important entry point where any passengers may enter legally from one city to another city in India. Aurangabad municipal cooperation health department units responsible for undertaking measures for surveillance and response health activities at Aurangabad Railway station Aurangabad is a designated point of entry for coordination of activities and containment of public health emergency of national concern. Covid- 19 was first identified in wuhan city of china in December 2019 on January 30 2020 the world health organisation (WHO) declared the covid- 19 as pandemic 1,4 thermal screening which can identify fever 9 (high external body temperature ) allows for.......

[1]. COVID-19 can be characterised as pandemic available at: http://www.who.in/dg/speeches/details/who-director-general-s-opening-remark-atthe-media-briefing-on-covid-19-11-march-2020 .Accessed on 20 March 2020
[2]. Effectiveness of travellers screening for emerging pathogens is shaped by epidemiology and natural history of infection. elife.2015;4e05564. Gostic KM, Kucharski AJ, LlOyd-smith JO.
[3]. Introduction to international health regulations at point of entries India. Available at http://www.ihrpoe.co.in/Accessed on 13 october 2020.
[4]. Responding to COVID-19 pandemic: why a strong health system is required. Indian J Med Res. 2020:151(2):140-5

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical 0.05% Cyclosporine eye drops for treatment of refractory vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). Methods: This prospective study included 50 patients with refractory VKC, who had active symptomatic disease despite conventional medications including topical steroids. After discontinuing all other medications, patients were treated with topical 0.05% eye drops two times a day. Changes in subjective symptoms and objective signs after treatment were evaluated, and development of possible complications was assessed. Results : Mean age of patients was16.56 years and mean duration of VKC was 8.4 years. After starting cyclosporine eye drops, patients were followed.......

[1]. Yanoff and duker ophthalmology 3rd edition, part4, section4,pg.no.192
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Abstract: Carcinomas of spreading to corpus are quite rare , it needs to be differentiated from carcinoma endometrium. It is very uncommon for these tumors to spread to fundus and involve the endometrium without involving rhe myometrium. The endocervical lesion in particular needs to be differentiated from primary endometrial cancer. Several ihc markers like vimentin , p-16 are recently being used to differentiate. The vimentin is usually positive for endometrial cancer whereas p16 is positive for cervical cancer . Here we report two case of carcinoma cervix with uterine extension and differentiated from ca endomeetrium by vimentin and p16.

[1]. Stanbler a ,Sherman me ihc and human pappiloma virus in situbhybridization are useful for distinguishing endocervical and endometrial am journal surf patholo 2002
[2]. Ansari –lari etal distinctin of endometrial adencarcinomas ihc p-16 corelated am j surg pathology 2004
[3]. Yemelyanova A , V ang r etal . endocervical and endometrial or emdomyometrial simulating primary endometrial carcinomas am j surg path2009
[4]. kong etal am j surg patholo 2010
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Abstract: Background: George Papanicolaou had described cytological changes in cervical smears in 1928 but his technique was not widely implemented for many years. In 1950 cervical screening was first taken for screening cervical cancer in the higher socioeconomic groups in UK.1 But this didnot help in reducing number of deaths from cervical cancer as the screening was confined to only a particular strata of the society. Hence the need of true national screening programme was prompted. In developing countries like India, the burden of cervical cancer is still high. According to the World Cancer statistics, >80% of all the cervical cancer cases are found in developing and low-resource countries. Cervical cancer has precursors, low and high grade intraepithelial lesions, which have effective treatment available.2 Screening also gives an opportunity for educating women who are constantly at high risk........

Keywords: cervical lesion, pap smear, screening.

[1]. Pap smear.By Healthline medical review team. www. healthline.com/health/pap-smear#Overview1/2015/11 [2]. Bishop A. Shessis TS. Cervical dysplasia treatment: Key issues for developing countries. Bull Pan Am Health Organ 1996; 30:378-86.
[3]. Mohammed Shaoaib Khan, Fohadiya Yasin Raja at el. Pap smear Screening for Precancerous conditions of the cervical cancers. Pak J. Med. Res.2005;44(3)
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Abstract: The mental foramens are present bilaterally between premolars, in the buccal vestibular region of the mandible. Inferior alveolar nerve and vessels enters through mandibular foramen and gives nerve and blood supply to the mandible along with all mandibular teeth. Mental nerve is terminal branch of inferior alveolar nerve which comes out through mental foramen which divide beneath the depressor anguli oris muscle into three terminal branches one descending branch and two ascending branch. Descending branch gives nerve supply to skin and chin while 2 ascending branches innervates skin and mucous........

Keywords: Bifid mandibular canal, anatomical variation, mental foramen

[1]. Rothe T.M., Kumar P., Shah N, 2017. Prevalence of Bifid Mandibular Canal Amongst Indian Population: A Radiographic Study. Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery.10.1007-1059.
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Abstract: Background: The lesions that affect white matter of the brain could be duo to a variety of causes this study discusses the inflammatory, demyelinating, tumors and lesions found in normal ageing process. The main concept of this study was to use the texture analysis mainly first order features for classification an identification of these lesions which will give quantitative approach for the differential diagnosis between them. Materials and Methods: In this analytical study, the data consist of 98 patients (18MS, 10 SVD and 70 Glioma) age above 18years old. After the images were selected then by using function generated by computer based software Interactive Data language ( IDL) in order to extract the predetermined features from gray matter, white matter, Glioma, MS and SVD lesions.......

Keywords: White Matter; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Texture Analysis; Glioma; Multiple Sclerosis; Small Vessels Disease.

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