iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2021

Abstract: Background National drug resistance survey suggest that magnitude of DR-TB is 2.84% in New patients and 11.62% in previously treated patients.Comorbid conditions have impact as risk factor for development of DR TB as well as driver of unsuccessful outcome.Association of comorbidities in DR TB patients at time of treatment initiation is of significant importance. Objective To assess proportion of various comorbidities in DR TB at time of treatment initiation and their associated socio- demographic characteristics......

[1]. Who global tuberculosis report, 2020.
[2]. Guidelines on Programmatic management of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in india 2019
[3]. Dr Kamendra Singh Pawar,DrRamakant Dixit. Prevalence of Co morbidities among patients having Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Analysis JMSCR 2018;6:1029-1032.
[4]. Swapnil jain,HG varudkar,Arti julka,Mustafa singapurwala,Sourav khosla,Bhavya shah. Socio economicaland clinicoradiological profile of 474 MDR TB cases of a rural medical college November 2018;66.
[5]. Yatin N. Dholakia, Divya P. Shah Clinical profile and treatment outcomes of drug-resistant tuberculosis before directly observed treatment strategy plus: Lessons for the program 1 February 22, 2015, IP: 117.237.63.14

Abstract: Résumé Les fibromyomes, plus communément dénommés fibromes, sont les tumeurs bénignes développés au dépens des cellules musculaires de l'utérus, oestrogénodépendantes. L'incidence des fibromes augmente avec l'âge. Leurs manifestations cliniques sont multiples, le plus souvent, ils sont asymptomatiques. Elles représentent la principale indication d'hystérectomie en phase pré ménopausique. Le risque de dégénérescence est très faible, mais s'ils sont dégénératives ; elle pose en problème de diagnostic différentiel avec d'autres tumeurs utérine, l'échographie est un examen essentiel pour le diagnostic, mais en cas de fibrome de grand taille qui demeure très rare ou en dégénérescence ou en cas d'utérus polymyomateux déformé, ou en cas de présence d'une pathologie utérine associée, elle n'est pas spécifique. L'imagerie par résonnance magnétique est plus intéressante. Le diagnostic de certitude est histologique après le traitement chirurgical. Nous rapportons ici le cas d'une femme gèune célibataire nulligeste admise.....

Keywords: myoma, degeneration, myomecto

[1]. Salman T, Davis C. Uterine fibroids, management and effect on fertility. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2010;22:295e303.
[2]. Englund K, Blanck A, Gustavsson I, Lundkvist U, Sjoblom P, Norgren A, Lindblom B. Sex steroid receptors in human myometrium and fibroids: Changes during the menstrual cycle and gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment. J Clin Endocrinal Metab 1998;83:4092e6.
[3]. -Wallach EE, Vlahos NF. Uterine myomas: an overview of development, clinical features and management. Obstet Gynecol. 2004; 104(2): 393-406. PubMed | Google Scholar
[4]. Guillaume Legendre*, Hervé Fernandez*. Actualisation de la prise en charge des myomes. La Lettre du Gynecologue n° 370 – mars 2012
[5]. Okolo S. Incidence, aetiology and epidemiology of uterine fibroids. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2008;22: 571—88

Abstract: Visceral Leishmaniosis (VL), also called Kala Azar, is a parasitic disease. It is due to the multiplication in the reticulo-histiocytic system of a protozoan of the genus Leishmania. It is transmitted by the bite of female sandflies. It affects the young child preferentially. VL is a common cause of Hemophagocytic Syndrome (HS) among children. This association can represent a real life threat without treatment. We report the case of a child with visceral leishmaniosis associated to HS.

Key words: Visceral Leishmaniosis- Hemophagocytic Syndrome-Child

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[2]. Hayden A, Park S, Giustini D, Lee AYY, Chen LYC. Hemophagocytic syndromes (HPSs) including hemophagocyticlymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in adults: A systematic scoping review. Blood Rev 2016;30:411–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.blre.2016.05.001.
[3]. Weitzman S. Approach to hemophagocytic syndromes. Hematology Am SocHematolEduc Program 2011;2011:178–83. https://doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2011.1.178.
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Abstract: Background: Biological morphometry has been considered as one of assistant skill for normal anatomy and physiology of a human systems; hence the aim of this study was to carry out a morphometric study for Lumbosacral and Cobb angles for herniated intervertebral disc patients relative to patients' morphology (age and body mass index and height) and gender. Material and Method: as a retrospective study for a sample consisting of 100 patients in Sudan. The collected data imply age, gender, anatomical site of disc herniation, bulging extension, Lumbosacral and Cobb angles, and the body mass index. The analysis was based.....

Key Word: Morphometry; Aging; Biography; Lumbosacral; Herniation; MRI.

[1]. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Vertebral column". Encyclopedia Britannica, 27 May. 2020, https://www.britannica.com/science/vertebral-column. Accessed 20 March 2021.
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[3]. Christopher P. Ames, Justin K. Scheer, Virginie Lafage, Justin S. Smith, Shay Bess, Sigurd H. Berven, Gregory M. Mundis, Rajiv K. Sethi , Donald A. Deinlein, Jeffrey D. Coe, Lloyd A. Hey & Michael D. Daubs, Adult spinal deformity: epidemiology, health impact, evaluation, and management, Spine Deformity 4 (2016) 310–322.
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[5]. Hwee Weng Dennis Hey , Alex Quok An Teo , Kimberly-Anne Tan , Li Wen Nathaniel Ng , Leok-Lim Lau , Ka-Po Gabriel Liu , Hee-Kit Wong . How the spine differs in standing and in sitting—important considerations for correction of spinal deformity, Spine J. 17 (2017) 799–806

Abstract: Background: Endodontic treatment sometimes might fail due to variation in anatomical features of the tooth. Maxillary second molars present a variety of root canal configuration. The incidence of fused mesiobuccal and palatal root with a secondpalatal root canal in the maxillary second molar is very rare. One such case is presented in this paper describing the endodontic management of a fused -rooted maxillary second molar with two distinct palatal root canals and one mesiobuccal canals and one distinct distal root and canal. Radiographs showed the presence of fused mesiobuccal and palatal roots. The canals were biomechanically prepared with crown-down technique and obturated using lateral condensation technique with AH-Plus sealer.

Key Word: maxillary second molar, fused roots, root canal therapy

[1]. Al Shalabi RM, Omer OE, Glennon J, Jennings M, Claffey NM. Root canal anatomy of maxillary first and second permanent molars. Int Endod J. 2000;33(5):405–14.
[2]. Peikoff MD, Christie WH, Fogel HM. The maxillary second molar: variations in the number of roots and canals. Int Endod J. 1996 Nov;29(6):365–9.
[3]. Hartwell G, Bellizzi R. Clinical investigation of in vivo endodontically treated mandibular and maxillary molars [Internet]. Vol. 8, Journal of Endodontics. 1982. p. 555–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(82)80016-2
[4]. Alani AH. Endodontic treatment of bilaterally occurring 4-rooted maxillary second molars: case report. Journal-Canadian Dental Association [Internet]. 2003; Available from: http://www.cda-adc.ca/JADC/vol-69/issue-11/733.pdf
[5]. Christie WH, Peikoff MD, Fogel HM. Maxillary molars with two palatal roots: a retrospective clinical study. J Endod. 1991 Feb;17(2):80–4.

Abstract: Background Emerging and re-emerging pathogens pose global public health challenges, like the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Viral load of SARS CoV-2 loosely correlates with the ΔCt value of an RT-PCR assay, and as such could act as a marker for it. The ΔCt value can thus be useful in predicting the outcome of a patient in presence of co-morbid conditions. Material and Methods Cross-sectional study where nasopharyngeal swabs from suspected COVID-19 patients were tested for the presence of SARS CoV-2 RNA using RT-PCR. The ΔCt values of screening and confirmatory assay of RT-PCR positive samples were noted and analyzed with respect to the demographic details and details of pre-existing co-morbid conditions of RT-PCR positive patients, if any. Results: Total 12298 were tested, of which 1705......

Key Word: SARS CoV-2, COVID-19, RT-PCR, co-morbid conditions, outcome

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Abstract: The carotico clinoid foramen is an osseous bridge between the tip of the middle and anterior clinoid processes .The present study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, JNIMS, Manipur, on 40 dry skull bones. The skulls were observed for the presence or absence of the carotico clinoid foramen. When present, it was observed whether the particular carotico clinoid foramen was present unilaterally or bilaterally, complete or incomplete. Tables were generated by using the data and incidences were calculated by statistical analysis. Out of 40 skulls, carotico clinoid foramina were present on 3 skulls (7.5%). Out of 40 skulls incomplete carotico clinoid foramen was present on 1 skull (2.5%). Two skulls out of 40 skulls were observed to bear complete foramina (5%).Total number of carotico clinoid foramina were 5 of which 4 were present bilaterally (5%)( 2 right and 2 left ) and 1 was present unilaterally (1.25%)on the left side. Total number of foramina on right is 2(2.5%) and that on the left is 3(3.75%).

Key words: carotico clinoid foramen, anterior clinoid process, middle clinoid process and internal carotid artery.

[1]. Dr Desai S D, Dr Sreepadma S. Study of carotico clinoid foramen in dry human skulls of north interior Karnataka National Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 2010;I(2): 60-64.
[2]. Gupta M, Ray B, Ghosh S . A study on anterior clinoid process and optic strut with emphasis on variations of caroticoclinoid foramen. Nepal Med Coll J 2005;7:141–4.
[3]. Sanobar I. Shaikh, Rahul K. Ukey, Deepak N. Kawale , Chhaya V. Diwan. Study of carotico-clinoid foramen in dry human skulls of Aurangabad district. International Journal of Basic Medical Science. 2012;3(5):148-154.
[4]. Saurabh A Bansode, P Devadas, B H Shiny Vinila. STUDY ON THE INCIDENCE OF THE CAROTICO-CLINOID FORAMEN IN THE SOUTH INDIAN DRY ADULT SKULLS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. Int J Anat Res 2017;5(3.1):4051-4055. DOI: 10.16965/ijar.2017.247.
[5]. Lee HY, Chung IH, Choi BY .Anterior clinoid process and optic strut in Koreans. Yonsei Med J 1997;38:151–4.

Abstract: Proximal sural artery flap is one of the dependable options standing first on the list to reconstruct the knee defects. In our series of 9 cases which were done in between 2017-2020, for various knee defects proximal sural artery flap was used to resurface knee. All the cases were performed without tourniquet under spinal anesthesia . Hand held Doppler was not used to locate perforators in any case. Results were quite satisfactory with near normal skin, thickness, color, and sensation. Execution of the procedure is relatively easy even in fatty individuals in comparison to other regional flaps. Post operative complications were negligible, with no total flap loss in any case. Donor site is well hidden

Key Words: proximal sural artery flap, knee defects, knee debridement.

[1]. Deng C, Wei Z, Wang B, Jin W, Zhang W, Tang X et al. The proximally based lateral superficial sural artery flap: A convenient and optimal technique for the reconstruction of soft-tissue defects around the knee. Int J Clin Exp Med 2016;9:15167-76
[2]. Masquelet A C, Romana M C, Wolf G. Skin island flaps supplied by the vascular axis of the sensitive superficial nerves: anatomic study and clinical experience in the leg. Plast Reconstr Surg 1992; 89(6)1115–21 Suri MP, Friji MT, Ahmad QG, Yadav PS. Utility of proximally based sural artery flap for lower thigh and knee defects. Ann Plast Surg 2010;64:462-5
[3]. Pan H, Zheng Q, Yang S. Utility of proximally based sural fasciocutaneous flap for knee and proximal lower leg defects. Wounds 2014;26:132-8
[4]. Cheon SJ, Kim IB, Park WR, Kim HT. The proximally-based sural artery flap for coverage of soft tissue defects around the knee and on the proximal third and middle third of the lower leg: 10 patients followed for 1–2.5 years. Acta Orthop 2008;79:370-5Meyer C, Hartmann B, Horas U, Kilian O, Heiss C, Schnet-tler R. Reconstruction of the lower leg with the sural artery flap. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2002; 387(7-8)320–5

Abstract: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies and appendectomy is the most common general surgical operation performed in the world. Despite the improvement of laparoscopic approach through the years and numerous studies comparing open and laparoscopic approach, it is still not proven as to which procedure is superior in the management of acute appendicitis. Our study was a prospective comparative study between laparoscopic and open appendectomy in terms of duration of surgery, intraoperative and postoperative complications, postoperative pain, days to resume oral diet and duration of hospital stay. In our study 200 patients who came with features of acute appendicitis to AJ Institute of Medical Science Hospital from August 2016 to September 2018 were divided.....

Keywords: Open appendectomy, Laparoscopic appendectomy

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Abstract: Introduction: Scrub typhus is a rickettsial infection which is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted by the bite of the chigger of a mite. Delay in diagnosis can be fatal otherwise the treatment is simple, doxycycline being the drug of choice. Indirect immunoflurescence is considered gold standard but it is not used in India as it is costly and also not available. There is need for rapid, economic and simple test for the diagnosis of scrub typhus. This study was taken up to study the seroprevalence of scrub typhus in Southern districts of Tamilnadu and to compare two commonly used serological methods; rapid test and IgM ELISA. Materials and methods: This is a prospective study in which 842 serum samples from clinically suspected cases collected over a period of 12 months and they were processed....

Keywords: Elisa-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, rapid test, scrub typhus

[1]. Abhay kumar et al Scrub typhus in a tertiary care hospital in North India: Am J Med Hyg. 2016 Aug 3: 95(2):447-451
[2]. Jamil et al: Clinical manifestations and complications of sgrub typhus: A hospital based study from North eastern India :Journal of the association of physicians of India Dec.2014 vol.62 ISSN 0004-5772
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[4]. Subbalaxmi MV, Chandra N, Teja VD, Lakshmi V, Rao MN, Raju YS. Scrub typhus-experience from a South Indian tertiary care hospital. BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12(Suppl 1):p77
[5]. V, Gupta N, Bhattacharya D, Kumar K, Ichhpujani RL, Singh S, et al. Serological evidence of rickettsial infections in Delhi. Indian J Med Res 2012;135:538-41.

Abstract: In an era of evolving beauty standards, an orthodontist is bound to provide to the patient, a pleasing face and smile. With the availability of enormous philosophies and prescriptions orthodontic treatment has been made simple for the clinician and made more comfortably available for the patient. Finishing procedures are more challenging than they sound as it has to comply to an individual's requirement. Customisation of procedures like bracket positioning and prescription and wire bending makes it more complex for the clinician. Keeping in mind that finishing begins during the stage of diagnosis and treatment planning avoids additional steps and time needed to correct individual errors in the end. A better understanding of the finishing guidelines, methods and philosophies is essential for an orthodontist. This article is a comprehensive review of finishing and detailing concepts, evaluation guidelines and methods of finishing for specific conditions and malocclusions.

Keywords: Finishing, Detailing, ABO Guidelines, Alignment

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