iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2021

Abstract: Background:- Prelabour rupture of membrane is one of the most common complication of pregnancy, resulting in maternal and fetal complications. The incidence, maternal and fetal outcome depends on the period of gestation, the facilities available and timely management of complication. Methods:- This study was conducted in a teaching hospital in Manipur, to find out the incidence, maternal and fetal outcome in pregnancies complicated by prelabour rupture of membrane. Results:- The incidence of PROM during this period comes to 6.3%. Majority of the respondents belonged to the age group of 20-30 years in 70% of cases. Majority of the respondents were homemaker in 43.6% of cases. All respondents were literate. More than........

Key Words: PROM, PPROM, PTL, maternal outcome, fetal outcome

[1]. Dutta DC. Preterm labour, preterm rupture of the membranes, postmaturity, intrauterine death of the fetus. In: Konar H, editor. Textbook of obstetrics. 7th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd;2013.p.317-8.
[2]. MacDonald T, Saurette K. Management of PROM at term. AOM Clinical practice guideline 2010;13(1):1-25.
[3]. Shah M, Sandesara P. Fetomaternal outcome in cases of PROM - A case control study. Guj Med J 2011; 66(1):36-8.
[4]. Gibbs RS. Premature rupture of the membranes. In: Scott JR, Gibbs RS, Karlan BY, Haney AF, editors. Danforth's Obstetrics and Gynecology. 9th ed. Philadelphia:Lipincott Williams & Wilkins;2003.p.108-14.
[5]. Cunningham FG, Kenneth JL, Bloom SL, John CH, Rouse DJ, Spong CY, Williams Obstetrics. 23rd ed. New York: Mcgraw Hill; 2010.

Abstract: Discoloration of the anterior tooth, can result in considerable cosmetic detriment in patients. Treatment of such cases pose challenge for the dental practitioners. A variety of treatment options for discolored non vital teeth are bleaching, crowns or veneers. Bleaching offers a simple and conservative approach in removal of intrinsic stain. This article describes a case of non vital bleaching which was performed on a root canal treated tooth with no reversible discoloration or cervical root resorption.

KEY WORDS: non vital; tooth bleaching; tooth discoloration; sodium perborate; walking bleach.

[1]. Attin T, Paqué F, Ajam F, Lennon A. M."Review of the current status of tooth whitening with the walking bleach technique". International Endodontic Journal vol. 1 Num. 36. January 2003.P.313- 29.
[2]. Oliveira M, Bittencourt JA, Salgado IO, Chaves F. Non vital teeth bleaching: Current considerations. (Blanqueamiento dental en dientes no vitales; Consideracionesactuales) Int J Odontostomatol 2008;2:61–6.
[3]. Durán M, Martínez M, Fabián N. In vivo comparison of the effectiveness of carbamide peroxide and sodium perborate, in non-vital discolored teeth. Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo. 2009-01. Thesis. Dominican Republic. 2009. P. 8-81.
[4]. Eiger R. "In Vitro Comparison of Various Types of Sodium Perborate Used for Intracoronal Bleaching of Discolored Teeth". International Endodontics Journal. Vol. 35 Num. 5 May 2002.P. 433-36.
[5]. Standlee JP, Caputo AA, Hanson EC. Retention of endodontic dowels: Effects of cement, dowel length, diameter, and design. J Prosthet Dent 1978; 39:400-5.

Abstract: Aim / Objective: To determine the pattern of treatments performed in the conservative clinic of the department of Restorative Dentistry of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, (LASUTH) Nigeria over a period of 4 years. Materials and Methods: Three thousand and seventeen clinical records of patients treated from January 2016 to December 2019 were retrieved and recorded. Data collected were age, sex, occupation, and treatment done. Conservative treatment obtained includes; temporary dressing TID, amalgam, glass ionomer GIC, and composite restorations root canal treatment (RCT), crown and bridgework. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Level of significance was set at P<0.05 and Confidence interval (CI) of 95%......

Key words: Pattern of treatment, Conservative clinic, GIC filling, Amalgam filling, Composite filling, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH).

[1]. Adeniyi AA, Sofola OO, Kalliecharan R V. An appraisal of the oral health care system in Nigeria. Int Dent J. 2012 Dec;62(6):292–300.
[2]. Sofola O O Implications of low oral health awareness in Nigeria - Niger Med J 2010;51(3):131-133
[3]. Onyejaka NK, Lawal BN, Okechukwu RA, Osayande MO, Alamba IC. Pattern of patients' attendance to the dental clinic of federal college of dental technology and therapy, Enugu, Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J. 2018;29:151.
[4]. Olusile A O. Improving low awareness and inadequate access to oral health care in Nigeria: The role of dentists, the government & non-governmental agencies. Niger Med J 2010;51(3):134-136
[5]. Soroye M, Adegbulugbe C. Oral health status, knowledge of dental caries aetiology, and dental clinic attendance: A comparison of secondary school students in the rural and urban areas of Lagos. Port Harcourt Med J. 2016;10(2):42-49.

Abstract: An equipped and systematic method is required to evaluate, diagnose and get to the bottom of esthetic issues predictably. It is of prime significance that the ultimate end result is now not established solely on the looks alone. Our last goal as clinicians is to achieve eye-catching composition in the smile by using growing an arrangement of various esthetic elements. This article reviews the a number of concepts that govern the artwork of smile designing. The literature search was once accomplished the use of PubMed search and Medline. This article will furnish a basic expertise to the reader to carry out a practical steady smile..

Key words: Elements of smile designing; esthetic smile; smile designing; smile proportions

[1]. The Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press; retrieved from www.oed.com.
[2]. Davis NC. Smile Design. Dent Clin N Am. 2007; 51:299-318.
[3]. Aschheim KW, Dale BG. Esthetic Dentistry – A clinical approach to techniques and materials. 2nd ed. Missouri: Mosby Publications. 2001.
[4]. Dawson PE. Determining the determinants of occlusion. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1983;3:8-21.
[5]. Kokich VO Jr, Kiyak HA, Shapiro PA. Comparing the perception of Dentist and Lay people to altered Dental Esthetics. J Esthet Dent 1999;11:311-24.

Abstract: Background: There are numerous reports of high psychiatric disorders including depression following hysterectomy.On the contrary there're many studies that didn't show increased psychiatric morbidity. With this background aim of this study is to assess prevalence of Major Depressive Episode (MDE) among women following hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional case-control study was conducted at the department of Psychiatry in collaboration with the department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics of GIMSH, Durgapur, West Bengal, India from July, 2020 to January,2021. For this purpose.......

Keywords: major depressive episode, depression, hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy, post-hysterectomy

[1]. Graesslin O, Martin-Morille C, Leguillier-Amour MC,Darnoud T, Gonzales N, Banchaeri F, et al. Local investigation concerning psychic and sexual functioning a short time after hysterectomy. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2002;30(6):474-82.
[2]. Benjamin J Sadock,Verginia A Sadock, Pedro Ruiz:Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry,10th edition,published by Wolters Kluwer,2017:2522-3
[3]. Cohen L, Soares C, Vitonis A et al. Risk for new onset of depression during the menopausal transition: the Harvard Study of Moods and Cycles. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006;63:375-82.
[4]. Drellich MG, Bieber I. The psychologic importance of the uterus and its functions: some psychoanalytic implications of hysterectomy. J Nerv Ment Dis 1958;126(4):322-36.
[5]. Hollender MH. A study of patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital after pelvic operations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1960;79(3):498-503.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Regional anaesthesia is safe, cost-effective approach wherever feasible and also it is the technique of choice for providing excellent postoperative analgesia. Spinal anaesthesia, regional anaesthetic technique, the early-onset and sure success of the method, ease in technique but duration of anaesthesia and analgesia is limited. Epidural anaesthesia, has many advantages for a prolonged duration with frequent top-ups for delivering excellent postoperative analgesia. It contributes to intraoperative hemodynamic stability reduce perioperative stress response, decrease in complications and improving patient outcome by relieving postoperative pain, decreases the incidence of thromboembolic events.......

Key words: Analgesia, chlonidine, dexmedetomidine, epidural, ropivacaine, side effects

[1]. Kamibayashi T,Maze M. Clinical uses of α2 adrenergic agonist.Anaesthesiology2000;93:1345-9.
[2]. Scafia.Analgesia and alpha agonsits 2.Mendens Rev 2004;4-7.
[3]. Mauro VA, Brandao ST. Clonidine and dexmedetomidine through epidural route for postoperative analgesia and sedation in colecistectomy. Rev Bras Anestesiol.2004;4:1-10.
[4]. Gabriel JS, Gordin V. Alpha 2 agonists in regional anesthesia and analgesia. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol.2001;14:751-3.
[5]. Buerkle H. Peripheral anti-nociceptive action of alpha2- adrenoreceptor agonists. Bailliere's Clin Anaesth 2000;14:411-8.

Abstract: Background: Biopsy is a critical procedure in the diagnosis and treatment plan of surgical cases and is also highly technique-sensitive. Various biopsy techniques are conventionally used with each technique having its own pros and cons. The aim of this study was to compare clinically and histologically mucosal incisions of oral tissues after surgical procedures with scalpel and diode laser.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 15 patients in the study group (laser) and 15 in the control group (scalpel). Statistical analysis was performed with χ2 test and t-test for independent samples, values lower than 0.05 were considered as significant.
Results: Laser showing immediate hemostasis thus increased........

Key words: lesions, Laser biopsy, Scalpel biopsy, Histopathology.

[1]. Melrose RJ, Handlers JP, Kerpel S, Summerlin DJ, Tomich CJ. The use of biopsy in dental practice. Gen Dent. 2007; 55(5):457-61.
[2]. Mashberg A, Samit A. Early diagnosis of asymptomatic oral and oropharyngeal squamous cancers. CA Cancer J Clin. 1995; 45(6):328-51.
[3]. Driemel O, Kunkel M, Hullmann M, von Eggeling F, Müller-Richter U, Kosmehl H, et al. Diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma and its precursor lesions. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2007; 5(12):1095-100.
[4]. Collaborators from Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario. Evidence-based clinical recommendations regarding screening for oral squamous cell carcinomas. Supplement to Aug/Sept 2010 isssue of Dispatch magazine.
[5]. Poh CF, Samson Ng, Berean KW, Williams PM, Rosin MP, Zhang L. Biopsy and histopathologic diagnosis of oral premalignant and malignant lesions. J Can Dent Assoc. 2008; 74(3):283-8.

Abstract: Background: Eosin, the widely used synthetic dye is efficient but it is hazardous to human & animal health. So it is advisable to use more eco-friendly, biodegradable & economical alternatives which can be effectively obtained from plants & other natural sources. Turmeric (Curcuma longa), hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa sinensis), heena (Lowsonia inarmis) are the potential natural alternatives for eosin in routine oral cytological procedure. Objective of study is to compare efficacy of turmeric, hibiscus & heena natural stains with synthetic eosin counter stain in oral cytology. Materials and Methods: Method: All the natural dyes were prepared by easy, ready to use methods & used in place of eosin by established protocol techniques for oral cytology in normal and pathological cases. All the slides were coded and were reviewed by two blinded........

Key Word: Curcuma, Hibiscus, Heena, Eco-friendly stain

[1]. Bassey R, Oremosu A, Osinubi A. Curcuma longa: staining effect on histomorphology of the testis. Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2012;5(1):26-29.
[2]. J. Ihuma, G. Asenge, K. Abioye , S. Dick., "Application of Meth-anolic Extracts from Hibiscus Sabdariffa line As A Biological Staining Agent for Some Fungal Species", Int. j. plant, animal & env. Sci., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 543-49, 2012.
[3]. Kumar S, Singh NN, Singh A, Singh N, Sinha RK. Use of Curcuma longa L. extract to stain various tissue samples for histological studies. Ayu J. 2014;35(4):447-51.
[4]. Avwioro OG, Onwuka SK, Moody JO, Agbedahunsi JM, Oduola T, Ekpo OE et al. Curcuma longa extract as a histological dye for collagen fibres and red blood cells. J Anat. 2007 May;210(5):600-3.
[5]. Siva R. Review article on status of natural dyes and dye‑yielding plants inIndia. Curr Sci 2007;92:916‑25.

Abstract: Van der Knaap disease or Megalencephaly with Leukoencephalopathy and cysts is a rare autosomal recessive inborn genetic disorder seen in children below one year. Despite of abnormal MR findings these infants present with delayed development of motor dysfunction. We present one such case of a one and half year child who presented with delayed milestones and classical MRI findings.

Key words: Van der Knaap disease –delayed milestones – cystic changes in brain

[1]. A. James Barkovich ,Bernadette L.Koch, Kevin R.Moore in Pediatric neuroradiology 2nd edition Philadelphia Elsevier 2015 part 1 p 94-98
[2]. KV Rajagopal, RH Ramakrishnaiah, KR Avinash, BN Lakhkar Van der Knaap disease,A Megalencephalic Leukoencephalopathy Ind J Radiol Imag 2006 16 : 4 : p 733-734
[3]. Ankush Sharma, Munish Gupta, Nitin Gupta, Akash Garg Van der Knaap disease : Megalencephalic leucoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts Saudi J Med Med Sci 2016 ; 4: p238-239
[4]. Koray Koc,Pinar Koc, Kamil Karaali,Nihal Olgac,Dundar, Utku Senol, Arzu Canan Magnetic resonance imaging findings of two sisters with Van der Knnap leukoencephalopathy Neuroradiol J 2015 oct ; 28(5): p519-522
[5]. Ujjawal Roy, Bhusha Joshi, Goutam Ganguly Van der Knnap disease : A rare disease with atypical features BMJ Case Rep 2015 dol : 10.1136/bcr -209831

Abstract: Respiratory distress is a leading cause of hospital admissions in newborns contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. It could be due to respiratory and non-respiratory causes. Various etiological factors like RDS, meconium aspiration, birth asphyxia ,congenital pneumonia, congenital heart diseases, TEF etc cause respiratory distress in neonates. This was a prospective observational study done in NICU, Government General hospital, Kakinada, for a period of 18 months from January 2018 to June 2019 where 402 newborns with respiratory distress were enrolled to study the etiology, risk factors and outcomes of newborns with respiratory distress. The study showed that respiratory causes like meconium aspiration syndrome (34.3%), RDS (26.8%)was the major contributing factor.......

Key words: Respiratory distress, neonates, RDS, surfactant, meconium aspiration

[1]. Keerti Swarnkar and Manish Swarnkar / Neonatal respiratory distress in early neonatal period and its outcome IJBAR (2015) 6 (09).
[2]. Santosh S et al., A Clinical Study of Respiratory Distress In Newborn and Its Outcome Indian Journal of Neonatal Medicine and Research 2013 April Vol. 1(1): 2-4.
[3]. Sabzehei MK, Basiri B, Shokouhi M, Fayyazi A. Causes and Outcomes of Respiratory Distress in Neonates Hospitalized in NICU of Be'sat Hospital in Hamadan Province, Iran. Int J Pediatr 2017; 5(12): 6253-60.Meharban Singh. Chapter 19, Respiratory Disorders. Care of newborn 7th Ed.New Delhi:Sagar publications; 2010.p 277.
[4]. NNPD working definitions. NNPD report 2002-03. NNPD network, ICMR; p 67.
[5]. Alok Kumar and B Vishnu Bhat Indian J Pediatr 1996; 63 : 93-98.

Abstract: Introduction: Anemia is one of the major health issues worldwide. The WHO and ACOG define postpartum anemia as hemoglobin less than 10 gm. %. Studies evaluating the prevalence of postpartum anemia have found it to be very common (range, 22 to 29 percent; as high as 35 to 60 percent in some populations). In PPA oral iron preparations give satisfactory results in raising Hb levels but have side effects and poor compliance. Iron sucrose has been widely used for treating anemia and its efficacy and safety are well established but it requires multiple dosing. FCM can be administered in large doses over a short period of time with fewer side effects overcoming the limitations of the existing IV iron agents. Parenteral therapy with FCM, a non-dextran containing IV agent, is designed to administer large doses in a short time.......

Keywords: Ferric Carboxymaltose. Iron Sucrose. Postpartum Anemia. Efficacy.

[1]. WHO | Comparative quantification of health risks. WHO. [Cited 2017 Nov 12]. Available from: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/cra/en/
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[3]. Reveizl ,Zyte GM ,Cuervo LG,casasbuenas A .treatment for iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2011; CD003094.
[4]. Swaim LS, Perriatt S, Andres RL, et al. Clinical utility of routine postpartum hemoglobin determinations. Am J Perinatol 1999; 16:333.
[5]. Medina Garrido C, León J, Romaní Vidal A. Maternal anaemia after delivery: prevalence and risk factors. J Obstet Gynaecol 2018; 38:55.