iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-8 ~ Aug. 2021

Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (covid -19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus (SARS -COV -2) which belongs to seventh type of the the coronavirus family. COVID virus is a enveloped , single stranded RNA genome , belongs to coronaviridae family. It has recently lead to a pandemic of unimaginable magnitude. Incubation period of covid 19 is known to be 1 to 14 days , some studies show incubation period of 5 days.

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Abstract: Background: Intussusception is a common cause of abdominal pain and a leading cause of bowel obstruction in young children Case presentation: Herein, we report a 16-year-old male who appeared in the emergency department with a history of abdominal pain localized in the right lower abdomen. Clinical examination revealed a positive McBurney sign. Laboratory studies revealed elevated white blood cells, neutrophils, and C-reactive protein, while abdominal ultrasound disclosed no pathology in the abdomen or free fluid. The patient underwent an open appendectomy due to the high suspicion of acute appendicitis. An ileo-ileac intussusception was found at the operation with a Meckel's diverticulum as the lead point, which was resected.......

Keyword: Intussusception; Meckel's diverticulum; Pediatric; Target sign; Pseudo-kidney sign; Enema reduction; Resection.

[1]. Edwards EA, Pigg N, Courtier J, Zapala MA, MacKenzie JD, Phelps AS. Intussusception: past, present and future. PediatrRadiol. 2017;47(9):1101-1108. [2]. Buettcher M, Baer G, Bonhoeffer J, Schaad UB, Heininger U. Three-year surveillance of intussusception in children in Switzerland. Pediatrics. 2007;120(3):473-480. [3]. Mandeville K, Chien M, Willyerd FA, Mandell G, Hostetler MA, Bulloch B. Intussusception: clinical presentations and imaging characteristics. PediatrEmergCare. 2012;28(9):842-844. [4]. Marsicovetere P, Ivatury SJ, White B, Holubar SD. Intestinal Intussusception: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. ClinColonRectalSurg. 2017;30(1):30-39. [5]. Gluckman S, Karpelowsky J, Webster AC, McGee RG. Management for intussusception in children. CochraneDatabaseSystRev. 2017;6(6):CD006476.

Abstract: Background: Perforated diverticulitis following renal transplantation is a rare but potentially fatal complication, which may occur days, weeks, or even years after the transplantation. Case presentation: Herein, we report a 53-year-old femalewho appeared in the emergency department with a history of diffuse abdominal pain in the previous 8 hours, associated with vomiting. The patient reported a cadaveric renal transplantation 16 years ago due to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Clinical examination revealed peritonitis with muscle rigidity, which was confirmed by abdominal computed tomography. A perforated diverticulum of the sigmoid colon and an intra-abdominal abscess were identified during the exploratory laparotomy, and therefore a Hartmann's procedure was performed........

Keywords: Renal transplant patients; gastrointestinal complications; perforated diverticulitis; autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease; Hartmann's procedure; primary anastomosis; diverting loop ileostomy.

[1]. Rangan GK, Tchan MC, Tong A, Wong AT, Nankivell BJ. Recent advances in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease. Intern Med J. 2016;46(8):883-892. [2]. Carson SD, Krom RA, Uchida K, Yokota K, West JC, Weil R 3rd. Colon perforation after kidney transplantation. AnnSurg. 1978;188(1):109-113. [3]. Scheff RT, Zuckerman G, Harter H, Delmez J, Koehler R. Diverticular disease in patients with chronic renal failure due to polycystic kidney disease. AnnInternMed. 1980;92(2 Pt 1):202-204. [4]. Kakavia K, Moris D, Karatza E et al. Intestinal Perforation in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Single Center Experience of 2123 Recipients. Exp Clin Transplant. 2016;14(5):497-502. [5]. Coccolini F, Catena F, Di Saverio S, Ansaloni L, Faenza A, Pinna AD. Colonic perforation after renal transplantation: risk factor analysis. Transplant Proc. 2009;41(4):1189-1190.

Abstract: Introduction: Over the past 5 decades the morbidity and mortality attributable to hypertension continues to be a major public health issue both at the local and global levels. Of the multiplicity of established risk factors associated with the development of hypertension and its complications (such as heart disease, stroke, chronic kidney disease, accelerated atherosclerosis, and premature death), hyperhomocysteinemia has arguably been one of the most elusive of the proposed risk factors to convincingly link to hypertension. Previous studies established a possible link among hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis. However, there was limited epidemic data concerning the relation between HHcy and lipid profiles, especially in hypertensive patients........

Keywords: hypertension; hyperhomocysteinemia; dyslipidemia.

[1]. Antoniades C, Antonopoulos AS, Tousoulis D, Marinou K, Stefanadis C. Homocysteine and coronary atherosclerosis: from folate fortification to the recent clinical trials. Eur Heart J. 2009; 30(1):6–15. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn515
[2]. Wierzbicki AS. Homocysteine and cardiovascular disease: a review of the evidence. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2007; 2007:143. doi: 10.3132/dvdr.2007.033. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
[3]. Obeid R, Herrmann W. Homocysteine and lipids: S-adenosyl methionine as a key intermediate. FEBS Lett. 2009;583(8):1215–25. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.03.038. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
[4]. Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Lv X, et al. Relationship between lipid profiles and plasma total homocysteine, cysteine and the risk of coronary artery disease in coronary angiographic subjects. Lipids Health Dis. 2011;10:137. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-10-137. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
[5]. Herrmann W, Obeid R, Hubner U, Jouma M, Geisel J. Homocysteine in relation to C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in assessment of cardiovascular risk. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2004; 50(8):895–901. [PubMed]

Abstract: Background: Αcute acalculous cholecystitis has been described as a rare complication of leptospirosis. Case presentation: Herein, we report a 64-year-old male diagnosed with acute acalculous cholecystitis and underwent an open cholecystectomy after 24 hours because peritonitis was suspected. Postoperatively, the patient's renal function continued to deteriorate and required renal replacement therapy. Serology for leptospira (ELISA IgM) came back strongly positive, while blood cultures grow leptospires. Therefore, a definite diagnosis of leptospirosis was made. On the forty-second postoperative day, the patient was discharged from the hospital with near-normal renal functions and good urine output........

Keywords: Acute acalculous cholecystitis; leptospira; cholecystectomy; conservative therapy; management.

[1]. Palaniappan RU, Ramanujam S, Chang YF. Leptospirosis: pathogenesis, immunity, and diagnosis. CurrOpinInfectDis. 2007;20(3):284-292. [2]. Soo ZMP, Khan NA, Siddiqui R. Leptospirosis: Increasing importance in developing countries. Acta Trop. 2020;201:105183. [3]. Allan KJ, Halliday JE, Cleaveland S. Renewing the momentum for leptospirosis research in Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2015;109(10):605-606. [4]. Rodríguez-Vidigal FF, Vera-Tomé A, Nogales-Muñoz N, Muñoz-García-Borruel M, Muñoz-Sanz A. Leptospirosis in South-western Spain. RevClinEsp (Barc). 2014;214(5):247-252. [5]. Wang S, Stobart Gallagher MA, Dunn N. Leptospirosis. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; March 29, 2021.

Abstract: Background: Bevacizumab-associated gastrointestinal perforation reported incidence is less than 1%, with a mortality of 15-20%. Case presentation: Herein, we report a 75-year-old male was diagnosed with metastatic non-small cell adenocarcinoma of the left lung. Fifteen days after the first cycle of chemotherapy (carboplatin, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab), the patient experienced abdominal pain. A fluid collection10 x 4 cm adjacent to small bowel loops containing air was noted on the computed tomography. Unfortunately, the percutaneous drainage of the collection was not feasible, and the patient underwent exploratory laparotomy. Intraoperatively, an enterectomy with side-to-side anastomosis due to necrosis and perforation of the bowel wall, and drainage of the intra-abdominal abscess were carried out........

Keywords: Bevacizumab; non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer; gastrointestinal perforation; complications; management.

[1]. Abu-Hejleh T, Mezhir JJ, Goodheart MJ, Halfdanarson TR. Incidence and management of gastrointestinal perforation from bevacizumab in advanced cancers. Curr Oncol Rep. 2012;14(4):277-284. [2]. Sandler A, Gray R, Perry MC et al. Paclitaxel-carboplatin alone or with bevacizumab for non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(24):2542-2550. [3]. Reck M, von Pawel J, Zatloukal P et al. Overall survival with cisplatin-gemcitabine and bevacizumab or placebo as first-line therapy for nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer: results from a randomised phase III trial (AVAiL). Ann Oncol. 2010;21(9):1804-1809. [4]. Emmanouilides C, Sfakiotaki G, Androulakis N et al. Front-line bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin, leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil (FOLFOX) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicenter phase II study. BMC Cancer. 2007;7:91. [5]. Gordon MS, Cunningham D. Managing patients treated with bevacizumab combination therapy. Oncology. 2005;69(3):25-33.

Abstract: Aim: This study aimed to estimate age and gender for Yemeni population through the cranium measurements using three dimensional Computed Tomography ((3D CT). Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was done in the Radiology department of University of Science and Technology Hospital, Sana'a City-Yemen .362 patients were included (190 were males and 172 were females) with different ages. All were examined using CT scan for the cranium. Axial scan was obtained, then 3D reconstruction volume rendering technique (VRT) performed to take cranial measurements for foramen magnum length and width, Bizygomatic breadth and Basion-prosthion length using RadiAnt DICOM Viewer version 5. The measurements were compared according to age and gender......

Keywords: Age and gender; Cranium; Three Dimensional Computed Tomography; Estimation.

[1]. Castillo N, Ochoa A, Malépart C. Blurring organizational issues and social phenomena in the age of technology: a multidisciplinary perspective: Lulu.com; 2013.
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[3]. Radulesco T, Michel J, Mancini J, Dessi P, Adalian P. Sex estimation from human cranium: forensic and anthropological interest of maxillary sinus volumes. Journal of forensic sciences. 2018;63(3):805-8.
[4]. Barrany U, Ismail M, Mohamed M, Alhrani M. Estimation of age from spheno-occipital synchondrosis closure using computed tomography in Yemen, Forensic Res. Criminol Int J. 2015;1(1).
[5]. Avelar JM. Aesthetic Facial Surgery: Springer International Publishing AG; 2020.

Abstract: Rhesus (Rh) blood group with variable expression of D antigen is one of the complex systems in immunohematology. Weak D antigen is a phenotype where the D antigen is weakly expressed on red blood cells, and this antigen cannot be detected by routine methods. Therefore, Weak D RBCs demonstrate reduced quantities of the D antigen. As a result, weak or no agglutination reaction is demonstrated by these RBCs with the anti D reagents at the immediate spin phase. About 0.1 to 2 percent of white Caucasians have this Rh phenotype. Missense mutations observed in the alleles of all weak D types have been demonstrated to be the probable cause for the reduced antigen D expression in these cases[10]....

Keywords: Alloimmunization, Rhesus D negative, Transfusion, Weak D antigen

[1]. R. N. Makroo, Vimarsh Raina, Mohit Chowdhry, Aakanksha Bhatia, Richa Gupta, N.L. Rosamma Asian J Transfus Sci. 2010 Jul; 4(2): 137–139. doi: 10.4103/0973-6247.67030. PMCID: PMC2937297 [2]. Makroo RN. 2nd ed. New Delhi: 2009. Compendium of transfusion medicine. [3]. Unger PJ, Rapini J, DelMores F, Howard C, Znavor J, Behzad O, Rossi EC. Case report: mixed-field agglutination in a patient with a weak D antigen presenting as a possible fetal-maternal hemorrhage. Immunohematology. 1992;8(3):77-8. PMID: 15946062. [4]. Dava NR, Upadhyaya A, Agarwal N, Mehta A, Choudhary V, Goyal G. A rare case of hemolytic disease of newborn due to weak D (D unknown) antigen in child. Asian J Transfus Sci. 2018;12(1):75-77. doi: 10.4103/ajts.AJTS_21_17 [5]. Wagner, F.F, Frohmajer,A. and Flegel W.A(2001). RHD positive haplotypes in D negative Europeans. BMC Genet,2,10–24

Abstract: El acné es la patología dérmica inflamatoria crónica más traumante y molestosa globalmente. Su prevalencia es mayor entre pacientes de 12 a 24 años de edad, en una frecuencia del 85%, aunque puede persistir más allá de la adultez, a pesar de su tratamiento. Su efecto implica los aspectos emocionales, físicos (presencia de marcas), además de su afección a la calidad de vida. Su presentación clínica va desde presencia de comedones hacia un acné comedogénico mixto con inflamación (1)(2). El rostro es la parte más afectada en la mayoría de los casos, y el tronco se afecta en un 61% de los pacientes. Las lesiones provocadas por ésta, pueden ir desde cicatrices hasta la presencia de una hiperpigmentación post inflamatoria. Se tiene como posible causante, la estimulación del sistema inmune por la hipercolonización del Propionibacterium acnes (3)........

Keywords: Acne, scars, benzoyl peroxide, comedones, sebaceous glands.

[1]. Asai Y, Baibergenova A, Dutil M, et al. Management of acne: Canadian clinical practice guideline. CMAJ. 2016;188(2):118-126. doi:10.1503/cmaj.140665 [2]. Wang JV, Saedi N. The utility of understanding atrophic acne scar formation for prevention and treatment. Br J Dermatol. 2018;179(4):819. doi:10.1111/bjd.17020 [3]. Thiboutot DM, Dréno B, Abanmi A, et al. Practical management of acne for clinicians: An international consensus from the Global Alliance to Improve Outcomes in Acne. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;78(2 Suppl 1):S1-S23.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.09.078 [4]. Cooper AJ, Harris VR. Modern management of acne. Med J Aust. 2017;206(1):41-45. doi:10.5694/mja16.00516 [5]. Gebauer K. Acne in adolescents. Aust Fam Physician. 2017;46(12):892-895.

Abstract: Introduction: Dacryocystitis is an infection and inflammation of the lacrimal sac and the most common cause of ocular morbidity both in children and adults.It mainly caused due to stagnation of tears,using kajal,working in chullas,infectious causes, and different facial structues.In adults, the most widely recommended treatment for the management of acute dacryocystitis consists of the application of heat with massage, systemic antibiotics (oral or intravenous administration, as required) and abscess drainage.......

Keywords : dacryocystitis , Klebsiella pneumonia, Gram positive isolates

[1]. Pinar-Sueiro S, Sota M, Lerchundi T X ,Gibelalde A, Berasategui B,Vilar B & Hernandez J L. Dacryocystitis:Systematic approach to diagnosis and therapy. Current Infectious Disease Reports. 2012 April 1 ; 14(2):137–146. [2]. Li G, Guo J, Liu R, Hu W, Xu L, Wang J, Cai S, Zhang H, Zhu Y. Lacrimal duct occlusion is associated with infectious keratitis. International journal of medical sciences. 2016;13(10):800.-805.
[3]. Rizvi SR,Rizvi M, & Raut.S,Gupta Y,Maheshwari P. Etiology and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern in Acute and Chronic Dacryocystitis. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci .2015 ;1 : 269-280
[4]. Gahlot A, Prasad S, Singh M, Kotadia B,Garg S. Microbiologic spectrum of acute and chronic dacryocystitis.National journal of medical research. 2016 Oct – Dec ; 6(4):305-308 [5]. Martins MC, Ricardo JR, Akaishi PM, Cruz AA. Orbital abscess secondary to acute dacryocystitis: case report. Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologia. 2008 Aug;71(4):576-8.

Abstract: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of gingivae in the mandible is a relatively common type of intraoral malignancy. Resection and reconstruction of mandible is gold standard treatment procedure. The reconstruction of the mandible is a complex procedure and continues to be a challenge in reconstructive craniomaxillofacial plastic surgery. Vascularized bone grafts (VBGs) contain an intrinsic blood supply that adds the biological advantage of shortened union time.

Keywords : Gingival, squamous cell carcinoma, fibula osteocutaneous flap, mandible, primary reconstruction, segmental mandibulectomy

[1]. He Y, Zhang ZY, Zhu HG, Sader R, He J, Kovacs AF. Free Fibula Osteocutaneous Flap for Primary Reconstruction of T3-T4 Gingival Carcinoma. The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery & Volume 21, Number 2, March 2010. [DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181cf5f1b].
[2]. Rahman QB, Rahman M, Mamun S, Iqbal M, Das BK. Reconstruction of Mandibular Defect by Free Re-Vascularized Fibula Graft: A Case Report. BSMMU J 2008; 1(1): 35-38. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v1i1.3698].
[3]. Kokosis G, Schmitz R, Powers DB, Erdmann D. Mandibular Reconstruction.
[4]. Using the Free Vascularized Fibula Graft: An Overview of Different Modifications. Arch Plast Surg 2016;43: 3-9. [DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5999/aps.2016.43.1.3].
[5]. Pellini R, Mercante G, Spriano G. Step-by-step mandibular reconstruction with free fibula flap modelling. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2012;32: 405-409. [PMC free article: 3552535]..

Abstract: Background: Fetal posterior cerebral artery is a common variant of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) where in PCA receives majority or whole of its blood supply from internal carotid artery (ICA), rather than from basilar artery. Materials and methods: A retrospective study of 265 patients referred for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of brain between January 2018 and September 2018 was done to determine the prevalence of various types of fetal posterior cerebral artery in patients of tertiary hospital in rural set up using three-dimensional (3D) time of flight (TOF) MR angiography......

Keywords : Fetal posterior cerebral artery, circle of Willis, time of flight MR angiography

[1]. Chen HW, Yen PS, Lee CC. Magnetic resonance angiographic evaluation of circle of Willis in general population: A morphologic study in 507 cases. Chin J Radiol 2004;29:223-9.
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[3]. Shaikh R, Sohail S. MRA-based evaluation of anatomical variation of circle of Willis in adult Pakistanis. J Pak Med Assoc. 2018 Feb;68(2):187-191.
[4]. Karatas A, Yilmaz H, Coban G, Koker M, Uz A. The Anatomy of Circulus Arteriosus Cerebri (Circle of Willis): A Study in Turkish Population. Turk Neurosurg. 2016;26(1):54-61
[5]. Yeniçeri IÖ, Çullu N, Deveer M, Yeniçeri EN. Circle of Willis variations and artery diameter measurements in the Turkish population. Folia Morphol (Warsz).2017;76(3):420-425.