iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-8 ~ Aug. 2021

Abstract: Background– One of the most common causes for acquired ocular blindness in children is ocular trauma. There are about 6 million incidences of childhood ocular trauma worldwide. Children are at a higher risk of ocular trauma due to their poorly developed motor skills and curious nature. This study focuses on the demographic data, mode of injury, time to presentation, structures involved, visual outcomes and complications in cases of pediatric ocular trauma in a tertiary care center in southern Karnataka. Methods-A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary hospital between June 2016 and June 2019 with a total of 68 patients below the age of 16 with ocular trauma. Anterior and posterior segment examination was done. Imaging was done when required. Time to presentation.......

KEY WORDS: Paediatric ocular trauma, eye injuries in children, complications of ocular trauma, open globe injury, closed globe injury, visual outcome, south India

[1]. Qayum S, Anjum R, Rather S. Epidemiological profile of paediatric ocular trauma in a tertiary hospital of northern India. Chinese Journal of Traumatology. 2018;21(2):100-103.
[2]. Sii F, Barry R, Abbott J, Blanch R, MacEwen C, Shah P. The UK Paediatric Ocular Trauma Study 2 (POTS2): demographics and mechanisms of injuries. Clinical Ophthalmology. 2018;Volume 12:105-111.
[3]. Chakraborti C, Giri D, Choudhury K, Mondal M, Datta J. Paediatric ocular trauma in a tertiary eye care center in Eastern India. Indian Journal of Public Health. 2014;58(4):278.
[4]. Katiyar V, Bangwal S, Gupta S, Singh V, Mugdha K, Kishore P. Ocular trauma in Indian pediatric population. Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology and Research. 2016;4(1):19.
[5]. Sharma B, Singh S, Kumar K, Dubey A, Ahirwar K. Epidemiology, clinical profile and factors, predicting final visual outcome of pediatric ocular trauma in a tertiary eye care center of Central India. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2017;65(11):1192.

Abstract: Background: The reconstruction of the posterior barrier of the groin represents one of the major objectives in groin hernia repair. There are 2 primary methods used to achieve this objective: "tissue repair technique" and "tension-free repair". Recently, tension-free repair has become the gold standard procedure for repairing inguinal hernias. Many techniques have been described by different authors. Tension-free repair involves the use of synthetic prosthetic materials for rebuilding the posterior inguinal wall. The prosthetic materials, now disposable, have a well toleratedbioreactivity, allow efficient fibroplasia, diminish postoperative pain, and significantly reduce the recurrence rate and convalescence period. The Stoppa procedure, or giant prosthetic reinforcement of the visceral sac (GPRVS), is performed by wrapping the lower part of the......

Key words: Complex hernia,stoppasrepair,conventional hernia repair

[1]. Gilbert AI. Inguinal hernia repair: biomaterials and sutureless repair. Perspect Gen Surg. 1991;2:113-129.
[2]. Nyhus LM, Condon RE. Hernia. 3rd ed. Lippincott; 1989:263-64.
[3]. Lichtenstein IL. Hernia Repair Without Disability. St. Louis, Mo: IshiyakuEuroamericaInc; 1986.
[4]. Nyhus LM. An anatomic reappraisal of the posterior inguinal wall.SurgClin North Am. 1964;44:1305.
[5]. Read RC. The centenary of Bassini's contribution to inguinal herniorrhaphy. Am J Surg. 1987;153:324-326..

Abstract: Background : Periosteal chondromas are rare benign cartilage tumor , most commonly in the metaphyses of long tubular bone which may be mistaken clinically and histologically for other and more common tumors "1-5". Patient and methods: A 12 year old male presented with a painless firm non mobile swelling on the anterior aspect of left knee since 6 months with no history of trauma.Plain radiograph revealed eccentric cortical lesion in the antero-lateral aspect of proximal tibial metaphysis with stippled calcifications . Further on evaluation with CT showed cortical erosion . MRI demonstrated no intramedullary extension........

Keywords: Periosteal , Chondroma, Pediatrics, Tumor, Benign

[1]. Jun Nishio et al. Periosteal chondroma of the distal tibia: Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics and correlation with histological findings. Mol Clin Oncol 2015 May; 3(3): 677–681
[2]. Robinson et al. Periosteal Chondroid Tumors: Radiologic Evaluation with Pathologic Correlation. AJR 2001; 177: 1183–1188
[3]. Stephen F Miller. Imaging features of juxtacortical chondroma in children. Pediatr Radiol 2014 Jan; 44(1): 56-63
[4]. Zheng et al. Periosteal chondroma of the femur: A case report and review of the literature. Oncology Letters, 9, 1637-1640.
[5]. Zhenjiang Liu, Wei Yan, Lijun Zhang, Qiwei Li. Periosteal chondroma of the proximal tibia: report of three cases. Int J Clin Exp Med 2016; 9(6):9908-9916
[6]. Judith K.Merchant et al. Juxtacortical chondroma of left –proximal medial metaphyseal tibia. Appl Radiol Novenber 30, 2009..

Abstract: Introduction: Hydatid cyst (Cystic Echinococcosis) caused by larval stages of Echinococcus granulosus, is a zoonotic parasitic disease. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 25 patients presenting to OPD of Government General Hospital, Guntur who have been diagnosed with Hydatid cyst of abdomen (LIVER) between January 2018 to January 2020. Inclusion criteria was only those in whom diagnosis had been confirmed by morphological examination of operative specimen showing either daughter cysts or characteristic laminated membrane, later confirmed by findings of scolices and laminated membrane under microscope. This study group consists of 25 patients of different age groups, different places and professions.Results: Mean age was 40 years.Sex incidence revealed male preponderance........

Key words: Hydatid disease, hydatid cyst, PAIR, mortality, morbidity

[1]. World Health Organization (WHO) Factsheets on Echinococcosis. Available from the following weblink: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/echinococcosis (Last accessed on 22-7-21)
[2]. B. Devleesschauwer, A. Ale, P. Torgerson et al., "The Burden ofParasitic Zoonoses in Nepal: A Systematic Review," PLoSNeglected Tropical Diseases, vol. 8, no. 1, article e2634, 2014.
[3]. P. R. Torgerson, B. Devleesschauwer, N. Praet et al., "WorldHealth Organization estimates of the global and regional diseaseburden of 11 foodborne parasitic diseases, 2010: a datasynthesis," PLoS medicine, vol. 12, no. 12, p. e1001920, 2015.
[4]. W.K. J.Huizinga, C. S. Grant, andA. S.Daar, "Hydatid disease,"in Oxford Textbook of Surgery, P. J.Morris andW.C.Wood, Eds.,pp. 3298–3305, Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, 2000.
[5]. M. Safioleas, I. S. Stamoulis, S. Theocharis, K. Moulakakis,S. Makris, and A. Kostakis, "Primary hydatid disease of thegallbladder: a rare clinical entity," Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 352–356, 2004

Abstract: Background: Periapical lesions are the lesions that occur at or around the apex of the tooth as a sequela of chronic pulpal disease. It can be symptomatic or asymptomatic and is generally observed as a radiolucent area which may be well-defined or ill-defined. Management of periapical lesions can be really tough if the etiology and pathogenesis is not known. They can be treated surgically or non-surgically. In this prospective study, treatment of periapical lesions with non-surgical approach is being discussed. Material and methods:Total 50 cases with periapical radiolucent lesions were treated with the non-surgical conservative endodontic therapy. Clinical observations and radiographs were used to verify lesion size and position, ensuring standard endodontic procedure, and monitoring......

Keywords: Periapical disease, periapical lesion, radiolucent lesions, periodontal ligament, lamina dura, non-surgical endodontic therapy, periapical healing, prospective study

[1]. Kakehashi S, Stanley HR, Fitzgerald RJ. The effects of surgical exposures of dental pulps in germ-free and conventional laboratory rats. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1965;20:340–9.
[2]. Möller AJ, Fabricius L, Dahlén G, Ohman AE, Heyden G. Influence on periapical tissues of indigenous oral bacteria and necrotic pulp tissue in monkeys. Scand J Dent Res. 1981;89(6):475–84.
[3]. Ramachandran Nair PN. Light and electron microscopic studies of root canal flora and periapical lesions. J Endod. 1987;13(1):29–39.
[4]. Lin LM, Huang GT, Rosenberg PA. Proliferation of epithelial cell rests, formation of apical cysts, and regression of apical cysts after periapical wound healing. J Endod. 2007 Aug;33(8):908-16. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2007.02.006. Epub 2007 Apr 2. PMID: 17878074.
[5]. Shah N. Nonsurgical management of periapical lesions: a prospective study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1988 Sep;66(3):365-71. doi: 10.1016/0030-4220(88)90247-2. PMID: 3174072

Abstract: The present study aimed at studying the role of CT scan in diagnosing COVID-19 pneumonia in equivocal imaging finding and its correlation with RT-PCR. Materials and methods: - The present retrospective study was carried out at department of radiology, Guru Gobind Singh Hospital and M P Shah Medical College, Jamnagar. Total 134 patients with travel history, family history, history of contact with confirmed cases and suspicious symptoms of covid-19 pneumonia were examined with imaging finding of CT chest and CT findings were correlated with RT PCR results. Results: -In our study of 134 patients, 57.46 % were male and 42.43% were female.35 patients with CORADS-3 have positive RT-PCR result.
Conclusions: CT scan is very helpful in identification and characterisation of various imaging finding involving lung in COVID-19 pneumonia with very high sensitivity and specificity with RT PCR results.

Keywords: RT PCR, CORADS score.

[1]. Wang Y, Dong C, Hu Y et al (2020) Temporal changes of CT findings in 90 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: a longitudinal study. Radiol 296(2):1–9 1515.
[2]. Fang, Y.; Zhang, H.; Xie, J.; Lin, M.; Ying, L.; Pang, P.; Ji, W. Sensitivity of chest CT for COVID-19: Comparison to RT-PCR. Radiology 2020, 200432, doi:10.1148/radiol.2020200432.
[3]. Ai, T.; Yang, Z.; Hou, H.; Zhan, C.; Chen, C.; Lv, W.; Tao, Q.; Sun, Z.; Xia, L. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A report of 1014 cases. Radiology 2020, 200642, doi:10.1148/radiol.2020200642.
[4]. Ojha, V.; Mani, A.; Pandey, N.N.; Sharma, S.; Kumar, S. CT in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review of chest CT findings in 4410 adult patients. Eur. Radiol. 2020, 1–10, doi:10.1007/s00330- 020-06975-7.
[5]. Sun, Z.; Zhang, N.; Li, Y.; Xu, X. A systematic review of chest imaging findings in COVID-19. Quant. Imaging Med. Surg. 2020, 10, 1058–1079, doi:10.21037/qims-20-564.

Abstract: The physiological timing of the body system using birds (cock) has been investigated. The circadian clock controlled the crowing of cocks, which in many cultures, symbolize the break of dawn. One cock announces the break of dawn, while others within the environment follows immediately. Birds (chicken) are one social animal that respect hierarchy even in their smaller groups. It was observed that, when chickens are kept in a small group, the higher ranking cock determined the timing of the break of dawn crowing. Locally inbred native cock was used for this study. Four groups cages were consider, which consist of four cocks (roosters) per individual experimental cages.......

Keywords: Cock, circadian clock, social ranking, crowing, highest rank cock, subordinate cock, dim light, no light.

[1]. Collins, N E. & Collins E C.(2006) "Socal organization of red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus, population related to evolution theory.
[2]. Hugh Rawson. (2006)"Why do we say……..? Rooster '', American Heritage
[3]. Koene, P. (2009). Temporal Structure of red jungle fowl crow sequences: Single – case analysis. Behave proc. 38, 193 – 202.
[4]. Peake , H. & Flecure, H J.( 1993). The Horse and the Swords
[5]. Peake, H. & Flecure, H J. Merchant Ventures in Bronze, 1993

Abstract: A microgrid is defined as an independent power network that uses distributed energy resources to provide grid backup or off-grid power to meet the load demand. Microgrids play an important role in managing and controlling the distributed generation. It is very important to maintain the quality of power for the organizations such as data centers, hospitals and airports that rely on 24/7 access to uninterrupted power to operate efficiently. Hence, in a microgrid, it is essential to maintain the power balance in load-demand for stability. Balancing the power becomes even more important as the microgrid is operating with a limited supply to the load demand. Control techniques are used for power balancing in microgrid also to have smooth and reliable operation.......

Keywords: Power Management; Microgrid; PV Panel; Wind Turbine; Dual Input Single Output (DISO) Converter; Bi-directional DC-DC Converter; Controllers and Inverter.

[1] Abhishek Kumar and Muhammad Zafar Ullah Khan, "Microgrids Technology: A Review Paper", International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, volume 3, 11-20 march 2018.
[2] Reza Sabzehgar, "Overview of Technical Challenges, Available Technologies and Ongoing Developments of AC/DC Microgrids", Article published by INTECH, August 2017. [3] Anand B Jadhav and S H Pawar, "Power management of DC mircogrid and AC grid" International Conference on Innovations in Information, Embedded and Communication Systems (ICIIECS), Coimbatore, India, 17-18 March 2017.
[4] Chitra Natesan, SenthilKumar Ajithan, Swathi Chohavendhan and Anitha Devendhiran, "Power Management Strategies in Microgrid: A Survey", International Journal of Renewable Energy research, Vol.5, No.2, 2015.
[5] Mengchu Zhao and Qingguang Yu, "Research of Voltage Control Strategy for Power Management System in DC mirco grid", IEEE International Conference on Energy Internet (ICEI) , Beijing, China,17-21 April 2017.