iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-8 ~ Aug. 2021

Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a worldwide public health issue, with increase in incidence, prevalence, poor prognoss and high healthcare costs. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) refers to the fifth stage of disease and is the final outcome of disease progression in CKD patients. Patients with ESRD are generally treated with a blood-filtration mechanism, such as hemodialysis (HD), which removes excess fluid and metabolic waste from the extracorporeal blood so as to provide the electrolyte and acid-base balance. Hemodialysis (HD)-associated ocular abnormalities are one of main causes of ocular morbidity among patients with ESRD. This study evaluates the frequency of ocular abnormalities in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing HD and to evaluate their risk factors.

[1]. Sun G, Hao R, Zhang L, Shi X, Hei K, Dong L, et al. The effect of hemodialysis on ocular changes in patients with the end-stage renal disease. Ren Fail. 2019 Jul 4;41(1):629–35.
[2]. Chelala E, Dirani A, Fadlallah A, Slim E, Abdelmassih Y, Fakhoury H, et al. Effect of hemodialysis on visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and macular thickness in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Ophthalmol Auckl NZ. 2015 Jan 9;9:109–14.
[3]. Sariyeva Ismayılov A, Aydin Guclu O, Erol HA. Ocular manifestations in hemodialysis patients and short‐term changes in ophthalmologic findings. Ther Apher Dial. 2021 Apr;25(2):204–10.
[4]. Chen H, Zhang X, Shen X. Ocular changes during hemodialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease. BMC Ophthalmol. 2018 Aug 23;18(1):208.
[5]. Michaud PA. [Corneal and conjunctival deposits in the eyes of patients treated with periodic haemodialysis. Study of 47 patients (author's transl)]. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 1978 Apr;172(4):523–6.

Abstract: Objective: To determine the efficacy of placental thickness for gestational age assessment. To compare placental thickness with other ultra-sonographic parameters of fetal biometry for gestational age assessment. Material and methods: A cross sectional prospective study was done during the period of June 2018 to Oct 2020 among antenatal cases attending OPD of OBG department, KMCH Guntur. Results: The mean placental thickness was 26.964. Placental thickness increased as gestational age advances. Mean placental thickness has a linear relationship with mean BPD in the 2nd trimester and mean femur length in the 3rd trimester. Pearson correlation value is 0.961 which indicates it is positively correlated and correlation is significant. Conclusion: The placental thickness can be used as a parameter for assessing the gestational age, along with other ultrasonographic parameters.

Key words: Biparietal diameter (BPD), femur length (FL), fetal biometry, gestational age (GA), Placental thickness (PT), Ultrasonographic parameters.

[1]. Sadler TW. Longman's Medical Embryology. 9th ed.. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2004. p. 117‑48.
[2]. Spirt BA, Gordon LP. Sonography of the placenta. In: Fleischer AC, Manning FA, Jeanty P, Romero R, editors. Sonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology: Principles and Practice. New York: Appleton and Lange; 1996. p. 173‑202.
[3]. Callen PW, editor. Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 4th ed.. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders; 2000. p. 105‑45.
[4]. Kaushal L, Patil A, Kocherla K. normal Evaluation of placental thickness as a sonological indicator for estimation of gestational age of foetus in singleton pregnancy. Int J Res Med Sci 2015; 3:1213‑8
[5]. Schwärzler P, Bland JM, Holden D, Campbell S, Ville Y. Sex‑specific antenatal reference growth charts for uncomplicated singleton pregnancies at 15‑40 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2004;23:23‑9.

Abstract: AIM: To compare the attenuation of hemodynamic changes during laryngoscopy and Endotracheal intubation with intravenous lignocaine versus intravenous dexmedetomidine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study – randomized, double blind. Ethical committee approval - obtained from our institute. Written informed consent - obtained from all the patients. SOURCE OF DATA: Sixty one patients of both sexes admitted for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia in various surgical disciplines of Government MK medical college, Salem. OBSERVATION: From our study, we observed that Lignocaine attenuated but did not fully abolish the pressor response to laryngoscopy and intubation. Also we adequately established that Dexmedetomidine in the dose of 1μg/kg was comparatively superior in attenuation of the haemodynamic changes during direct laryngoscopy........

Keywords: Catecholamine release; Dexmedetomidine; Hemodynamic response; Lignocaine; Pressor response

[1]. King. B.D. Harris. Circulatory responses to direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation performed during general anaesthesia. Anaesthesiology. 1951; 12.
[2]. Shribman AJ, Smith G, Achola KJ. Cardiovascular and catecholamine responses to laryngoscopy with and without tracheal intubation. 1987.
[3]. Lev R, Rosen P. Prophylactic Lidocaine use in preintubation. 1994.
[4]. Wilson IG, Meikle John BH, Smith G. Intravenous lignocaine and sympathoadrenal responses to laryngoscopy and intubation. The effect of varying time of injection. 1991;46:177–80.
[5]. Kindler CH, Schumacher PG, Schneider MC, Urwyler A. Effects of intravenous Lidocaine and/or Esmolol on hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and intubation. 1996.

Abstract: Aim: To conduct aquestionnaire survey among the patients with ocular defects to find out the cause of eye defects and awareness about the plastic eye shells. Methodology:Patients with ocular defects are included for the questionnaire survey and individuals who were wearing the old prosthesis and who are not wearing the prosthesis were included for the study. Old prosthesis was evaluated if it is satisfactory included in the survey .The patients who were provided with the orbital prosthesis were excluded from the study. Total of 21 patients were included in the study. Questions were framed with main objective to focus on the cause of eye loss and awareness about the ocular prosthesis was used for the evaluation.........

Key words: Ocular prosthesis , Questionnaire survey, Loss of eye

[1]. SpraulC,Grossniklaus Analysis of 24,444 surgical specimens accessioned over 55 years in an ophthalmic pathology laboratory .IntOpthalmol 1997-1998;21:283-304
[2]. Zheng C, Wu AY. Enucleation versus evisceration in ocular trauma: a retrospective review and study of current literature. Orbit. 2013 Dec;32(6):356–361.
[3]. Goiato MC, dos Santos DM, Bannwart LC, et al. Psychosocial impact on anophthalmic patients wearing ocular prosthesis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013 Jan;42(1):113–119.•• Study of important quality of life aspect in anophthalmic patients.
[4]. Ahn JM, Lee SY, Yoon JS. Health-related quality of life and emotional status of anophthalmic patients in Korea. Am J Op Hthalmol. 2010 Jun;149(6):1005–1011.
[5]. Strine TW, Chapman DP, Kobau R, et al. Associations of self-reported anxiety symptoms with health-related quality of lifeand health behaviors. Soc Psychiatry PsychiatrEpidemiol. 2005 Jun;40(6):432–438.

Abstract: Background and objectives: Periodontitis is one of the most common oral inflammatory infectious disease and the leading cause of loss of dentition and destruction of tooth supporting tissues. The mechanical removal of bacterial plaque, calculus and toxic material is an effective means of altering the periodontal disease. Microsurgery is described as a methodology, a modification, and refinement of existing surgical techniques that uses magnification to improve visualization for efficient surgical approach. As visualization of the surgical site is improved, it results in thorough debridement and more definite removal of calculus during flap surgery......

Keywords: Microsurgery, Open flap debridement, early wound healing index.

[1]. Kornman KS, Page RC, Tonetti MS. The host response to the microbial challenge in periodontitis: assembling the players. Periodontology 2000. 1997 Jun;14(1):33-53. [2]. Kornman KS. Mapping the pathogenesis of periodontitis: a new look. Journal of periodontology. 2008 Aug;79:1560-8. [3]. Tatakis DN, Kumar PS. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Dental Clinics. 2005 Jul 1;49(3):491-516. [4]. Graziani F, Karapetsa D, Alonso B, Herrera D. Nonsurgical and surgical treatment of periodontitis: how many options for one disease?. Periodontology 2000. 2017 Oct;75(1):152-88.
[5]. Adriaens PA, Edwards CA, De Boever JA, Loesche WJ. Ultrastructural observations on bacterial invasion in cementum and radicular dentin of periodontally diseased human teeth. J Periodontol 1988;59:493–503.

Abstract: Residual ridge resorption is a complex biophysical process and a common occurrence following extraction of teeth. It is the most dramatic during the first year after tooth loss followed by a slower but more progressive rate of resorption thereafter. Bone resorption also is a chronic, progressive and irreversible process that occurs in all patients. Residual ridge reduction is one of the main causes of loss of denture stability and retention especially in mandibular complete dentures. Extreme resorption of the maxillary and mandibular ridges also, results in sunken appearance of cheeks, unstable and non-retentive dentures with associated pain and discomfort. Therefore, poses a clinical challenge towards the fabrication of a successful removable prosthesis. There are some of etiological factors that may cause resorbed ridge such as anatomical, prosthodontics, metabolic and systemic factors. The present article highlights the surgical and non-surgical interventions followed by prosthodontic management of different types of residual ridge resorption.

Keywords: edentulous, residual ridge resorption, prosthodontic management

[1]. Carlsson GE. Clinical Morbidity and Sequelae of Treatment with Complete Dentures. J Prosthet Dent. 1998; 79: 17-23.
[2]. Yadav B , Jayna M, Yada H, Suri S , Phogat S , Madan R. Comparison of Different Final Impression Techniques for Management of Resorbed Mandibular Ridge: Case Reports in Dentistry, 2014;214: 6 : 25373.
[3]. Tinker A. Ageing in the United Kingdom-what does this mean for dentistry? Br Dent J. 2003; 194:369-372.
[4]. Atwood DA, Coy WA. Clinical Cephalometric and Densitometric Study of Reduction of Residual Ridges. J Prosthet Dent. 1971;26: 280-95.
[5]. Tallgren A. The Continuing Reduction of the Residual Alveolar Ridges in Complete Denture Wearers: A Mixed-Longitudinal Study Covering 25 years. J Prosthet Dent. 1972; 27: 120-32.

Abstract: Estimation of stature is of major importance in the fields of anthropology and forensics for identification purposes. Numerous anthropological structures have been studied in order to determine whether overall height (standing height) can be estimated solely based on anatomical structures. The tibia is one of the structures utilized and the sole focus of this study. 400 random participants were selected to participate in this study where tibia length is measured in order to find a correlation between tibia length and the overall standing height of an individual. A comparison of means of standing height and tibia length between genders was performed using a t-test.......

Keywords: Forensic Anthropology, Stature estimation, tibial length, body length.

[1]. Hauser R, Smoliński J and Gos, 2005; The estimation of stature on the basis of measurements of the femur. Forensic Science International 147: 185-190.
[2]. Dayal Manisha R, Steyn Maryna and Kuykendall Kevin L, 2008; Stature estimation from bones of South African whites. South African Journal of Science, 104: 124-128.
[3]. Chandravadiya LN, Patel SM, Goda JB, Patel SV, 2013; Estimation of Stature from Percutaneous Tibial Length. Int J Biol Med Res 4:2752-2754.
[4]. Mall G, Hubig M, Büttner A et al, 2001; Sex determination and estimation of stature from the long bones of the arm. Forensic Sci Int 117:23-30.
[5]. Oslem Uzun; Gulay Yeginoglu; Canan Ertemoglu Oksuz: Sahi et al,2018; Stature Estimation Utilizing Arm Span Measurements in Turkish Adults. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research Vol, 12 (12): Ac06 – AC10 DOI:10.7860/JCDR/2018/37794.12328

Abstract: Background: COVID-19 pandemic, has severely impacted the otolaryngology practice globally. Keeping in mind the ever growing patient clientele, new guidelines were set for the safe ENT practice. Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted in a non-COVID Tertiary Care Hospital at New Delhi, to understand the change in demographic profile of patients visit ing ENT for the specialised care and surgeries during COVID pandemic and compared with the pre-COVID times for the same duration. Results and Conclusion: The number of patients visiting OPD and surgeries performed were very less as compared to pre-COVID times. The male......

Keywords: COVID-19, Otolaryngology practices, Guidelines, Otolaryngologists.

[1]. Chan JYK, Wong EWY, Lam W. Practical Aspects of Otolaryngologic Clinical Services During the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Epidemic: An Experience in Hong Kong [published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 20]. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020;10.1001/jamaoto.2020.0488. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2020.0488
[2]. Zou L, Ruan F, Huang M, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(12):1177-1179. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2001737
[3]. Kowalski LP, Sanabria A, Ridge JA, et al. COVID-19 pandemic: Effects & evidence based recommendations for otolaryngology and head & neck surgery practice. Head & Neck, 2020;42:1259-1267. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26164
[4]. Babak Givi, Bradley A, Schiff, Steven B,Chinn, et al.Safety Recommendations for Evaluation & Surgery of the Head & Neck during the COVID-19 pandemic.JAMA Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg.2020;146(6):579-584.

Abstract: Background: Breast malignancy is a heterogeneous sickness including an assortment of elements, which are morphologically and clinically unmistakable, follow complex sub-atomic and auxiliary changes in the extracellular framework and cell design of living tissue. Breast malignancy is the most well-known site-explicit disease in ladies and is the main source of death from malignancy for ladies matured 20–59 years. It represents 26% of all recently analyzed malignancies in females and is answerable for 15% of the death concerned with disease in ladies. The rate of breast cancer exceeds to 45,000 cases analyzed per annum in the UK........

Keywords: Breast cancer, ultrasonography, side of breast, accuracy, overview of breast

[1]. Du H-Y, Lin B-R, Huang D-PJIjoc, medicine e. Ultrasonographic findings of triple-negative breast cancer. 2015;8(6):10040.
[2]. Plodinec M, Loparic M, Monnier CA, Obermann EC, Zanetti-Dallenbach R, Oertle P, et al. The nanomechanical signature of breast cancer. 2012;7(11):757-65.
[3]. Arrangoiz R, Papavasiliou P, Dushkin H, Farma JMJIJoSCR. Case report and literature review: metastatic lobular carcinoma of the breast an unusual presentation. 2011;2(8):301-5.
[4]. Wishart G, Campisi M, Boswell M, Chapman D, Shackleton V, Iddles S, et al. The accuracy of digital infrared imaging for breast cancer detection in women undergoing breast biopsy. 2010;36(6):535-40.
[5]. Wojcinski S, Soliman AA, Schmidt J, Makowski L, Degenhardt F, Hillemanns PJJoUiM. Sonographic features of triple‐negative and non–triple‐negative breast cancer. 2012;31(10):1531-41.

Abstract: Background: Approximately 3-10% of all pregnancies continue till 42 weeks. Advances in obstetric and neonatal care have lowered the absolute mortality risk. The perinatal mortality of 2-3 deaths per 1000 deliveries at 40 weeks will doubles by 4-6times at 42 weeks .So the pregnancy that continue beyond 42 weeeks requires careful fetal surveillance .Aims &Objectives: To study the maternal morbidity and mortality in 40 weeks and beyond and also to know fetal outcome after 40 weeks and more.Materials and Methods: 78 women who completed 40weeks of gestational age were selected for the study. These women were divided into 3 groups, 40 weeks, 41 weeks and 42 weeks and......

Keywords: LSCS, PPH, Prolonged pregnancy, Meconium stained

[1]. Robert Resnik, Andrew Calder; "Post term pregnancy" Maternal fetal medicine, 4 edn, Edt, Robert K, Creasy and Robert Resnik, W.B Saunders company, Philadelphia, 1999: 532-537pp.
[2]. Chua S. Arulkumaran S: "Post date pregnancy" Recent advances in Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol 3, Edt, S Dasgupta, Jaypee Publication New Delhi, 1997: 827-837pp.
[3]. Ian Donald Ed,:Post maturity and dysmaturity" Practical Obstetric problems, 5 Edn, B.I. Publication, New Delhi, 1998: 918-938pp
[4]. British Columbia perinatal data base registry
[5]. Robert D, Eden., Larry S, Seifert., Ann Winegar MPH., et al.,: Perinatal characteristics of uncomplicated pregnancies. Obstet & Gynaecology 1987; 69;296

Abstract: Background: In restricted or nil mouth opening, airway management during any operative procedure is critical, challenging and requires experienced and skilled Anesthesiologist for Fiber optic or Blind Awake Intubation technique. It also requires comfortable and cooperative patient with anaesthetized airway with local anesthetic. Aim: We studied two different methods comparing intubating condition, hemodynamic changes, and time taken for the intubation and any adverse events. Methods: In this prospective randomized comparative study 40 patients of ASA physical status, I to II, either sex, posted for maxillo-facial surgery with mouth opening < 1.5 cm, requiring nasal intubation were randomized into two equal groups.......

Key Words: Fibreoptic intubation, Awake blind nasal intubation, Restricted mouth opening

[1]. Benumof JL. Management of the difficult adult airway. Anesthesiology 1991; 75:1087–110
[2]. Ovassapian A: The flexible bron-choscope:A tool for anaesthesiologests.Cli Chest Med 2001; 22: 281-299
[3]. Macewan W. Clinical observations on the introduction of tracheal tubes by the mouth instead of performing tracheotomy or laryngotomy. Br Med J 1880;2:122-5, 163-5
[4]. Gillespie N. Endotracheal Anesthesia. 2nd ed. Maddison, Wiscionsin: University of Wisconsin Press; 1948. [Google Scholar]
[5]. Lloyd EL: Fibreoptic laryngoscopy for difficult intubation. Anaesthesia 1980;35:719