iosr-JDMS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2022

Abstract: Background: The dental bacteria have a role in the etiology of dental caries. One of the most important criteria of the toothpaste is the antibacterial activity. Aloe Vera has been known for its antibacterial effect. Aim or purpose: This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Aloe Vera containing toothpaste versus fluoride containing and chlorhexidine containing tooth pastes. Abstract Materials and Methods: Antibacterial effect of the materials tested were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans (SM) and Lactobacillus Acidophilus (LB) using Agar diffusion test and Direct contact test. In Agar diffusion test; 200 μl of.......

Key Words: Aloe Vera, antibacterial effect, herbal agent

[1]. Yu OY, Zhao IS, Mei ML, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Dental biofilm and laboratory microbial culture models for cariology research. Dent J. 2017;5(2). doi:10.3390/dj5020021
[2]. Rosier BT, De Jager M, Zaura E, Krom BP. Historical and contemporary hypotheses on the development of oral diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2014;4(JUL). doi:10.3389/fcimb.2014.00092
[3]. Manu Rathee; Amit Sapra,Rathee M, Sapra A. Dental Caries - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf.; 2020. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551699/.
[4]. Mathur S, Mathur T, Srivastava R, Khatri R. Chlorhexidine: The Gold Standard in Chemical Plaque Control. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2011;1(2):45-50.
[5]. Jafer M, Patil S, Hosmani J, Bhandi SH, Chalisserry EP, Anil S. Chemical plaque control strategies in the prevention of biofilm-associated oral diseases. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2016;17(4):337-343. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1851

Abstract: Aim: To investigate the prevalence of chronic and acute pain Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients reporting to a TMD clinic. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, the sample consisted of 563 patients, both males and females of 18-45 years. Diagnosis of TMD was based on Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC – TMD) Axis 1. The patients having acute and chronic TMD pain were categorised using questionnaires. Results: Of the total sample size selected 74.4% had chronic TMD pain and 25.6% of patients had acute TMD pain.....

Keywords: Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD), acute pain, chronic pain, bio-medical model, bio-psychosocial model.

[1]. De Leeuw (ed). Orofacial Pain: Guidelines for Assessment, Diagnosis, and Management. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Publishing, 2008.
[2]. Okeson JP (ed). Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion, ed 5. Edinburgh: Mosby, 2003.
[3]. Daniele M. Current concepts of temporomandibular disorders. Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd 2010; p. 41-46.
[4]. Turp JC, Sommer C, Hugger A (eds). The puzzle of Orofacial Pain: Integrating Research into Clinical Management. Pain headache. Basel: Karger, 2007.
[5]. Suvinen T, Reade PC, Kemppainen P, Kononen M, Dworkin SF. Review of aetiological concepts of temporomandibular pain disorders: towards an integrated conceptual model of physical disorders and psychological and psychosocial illness impact factors. Eur J Pain 2005; 9: 613-633..

Abstract: A desire for a fit body has recently gained popularity, striving for which has involved an increasing use of performance and image-enhancing substances (PIES), the abuse of which represents an increasing health problem. There is data that shows that the use of such doping agents results in considerable physical and psychological consequences, which are affecting most users in varying severity. This is a case report of Mr. X, a young male non-athlete, using PIES (fitness doping) in a dependence pattern, presenting with drug-induced liver injury and mood-related behaviour changes.

Keywords: Case report, performance and image enhancing substances, PIES, Anabolic-androgenic steroids, steroid dependence, psychological effects.

[1]. Lazuras, Lambros, et al. ""I want it all, and I want it now": lifetime prevalence and reasons for using and abstaining from controlled Performance and Appearance Enhancing Substances (PAES) among young exercisers and amateur athletes in five European countries." Frontiers in Psychology 8 (2017): 717.
[2]. Pope, Harrison G Jr et al. "Adverse health consequences of performance-enhancing drugs: an Endocrine Society scientific statement." Endocrine reviews vol. 35,3 (2014): 341-75. doi:10.1210/er.2013-1058
[3]. Pope HG, Katz DL. Psychiatric effects of exogenous anabolic-androgenic steroids. In: Wolkowitz OM, Rothschild AJ, eds. Psychoneuroendocrinology: The Scientific Basis of Clinical Practice. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 2003:331–358
[4]. Choi PY, Parrott AC, Cowan D. High-dose anabolic steroids in strength athletes: effects upon hostility and aggression. Hum Psychopharmacol. 1990;5:349–356.
[5]. Brennan BP, Kanayama G, Hudson JI, Pope HG., Jr Human growth hormone abuse in male weightlifters. Am J Addict. 2011;20(1):9–13..

Abstract: The main objective of root canal therapy is the chemical and mechanical cleansing of root canal system and three- dimensional filling with a bio compatible obturation material. The operator should have a thorough knowledge of the root canal systems and the various abberations. One of the reasons for failure of root canal therapy is the failure to locate the additional root canals. Maxillary and mandibular first molars are usually affected by caries at an early age. Hence it becomes imperative to locate and clean the additional canals in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molar for the long- term retainment of the tooth in the oral cavity. The aim of this in vitro study was to detect the prevalence of the MB2 canal in the maxillary first molars of Kerala population and.......

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Abstract: The international association for the study of pain defines pain as "an unpleasant actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage. So pain is not just a sensory modality but it is an experience. There is an interplay between objective, physiological, sensory components of pain and its subjective, emotional, psychological components. Other than pshychological trauma, pain is shown to affect the physiology of almost all the systems including respiratory, cardiovascular and metabolic profile thereby increasing morbidity1.Therefore proper management of pain remains one of the most important domain. Modern day anaesthetic techniques are not only confined in relieving pain during surgery but also during postoperative period. It......

[1]. Dr. Nirvil Pal,Dr.Kiran malhotra.Dr.Chitra et al, effect of morphine on post op respiratory function. Comparison between systemic and epidural routes,Indian J. Anaesthesia 2004;48(3):204-206
[2]. Admir Hadzic-Textbook of regional anaesthesi and acute pain management edition 4,230-264.
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[5]. Ronald D Miller, Miller's a=Anaesthesia, 7th edition, vol 2:2422-2426

Abstract: Background :Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women. In recent years many markers have come up as a reliable tool for determining the prognosis of the patients with breast carcinoma. Recently CD34 has also been suggested as a diagnostic marker in breast lesions. It has been suggested that CD34 may be related to invasive potential. This study is being undertaken to study the expression of CD34 in breast lesions and to relate its extent of expression in various breast pathologies. Materials and methods: this retrospective study was conducted on histopathological specimens from female breast. Post surgical specimen including biopsies and mastectomies were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Initial diagnosis were made by H&E stained tissue sections. Sections from the same block were subjected to immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal antibody to CD34 antigen.......

Keywords: breast, benign, malignant, CD34

[1]. WHO/International agency for research on cancer-GLOBOCAN 2012: Estimated Cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence in 2012.
[2]. Barth P J, Ebrahimsade S, Helinger A, Moll R and Ramswamy A. CD34+ Fibrocytes in neoplastic and inflammatory pancreatic legions. Virchows Arch 2002. 440, 128-133
[3]. Yamazaki K, Eyden BP. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical observation on intra lobular fibroblasts of human breast with observations on the CD34 antigen. J SubmicroscCytolPathol 1995:27:309-323.
[4]. Moore T, Lee AHS. Expression of CD34 and bcl-2 in phyllodes tumors, fibroadenomas and spindle cell lesions of the breast. Histopathology 2001:38:62-76.
[5]. Goldblum JR, Reith JD, Weiss SW. Sarcomas arising in dermatofibrosarcomaprotuberans: a reappraisal of biologic behaviour in eighteen cases treated by wide local excision with extended clinical follow up. Am J SurgPathol 2000:24:1125-1130.

Abstract: The incidence of fungal infections has risen recently. opportunistic infections have increased in frequency as a consequence of intentional immunosuppression as in organ and stem cell transplantation and other disorders, cancer chemotherapy, liberal use of anti bacterial agents, uncontrollable diabetes, use of monoclonal antibodies and primary and secondary immunodeficiency disorders. Awareness of fungal co-infection is essential to reduce delays in diagnosis and treatment in order to help prevent severe illness and death from these infections. The fungal infections become the one of most common post covid complications, this study attempts to report the risk factors and clinical features of various fungal infections as a post covid complication in a single institute Government general hospital kakinada.

[1]. Hoeingl M. Invasive fungal disease complicating covid 19, clinical infecti Dis. 2020 seo5
[2]. Garcia-Vidal C, Sanjuan G, Moreno-gracia E et.al. Incidence of co infections and superinfections in hospitalized patients with covid 19, a retrospective cohort study
[3]. Lansbury L, Lim B, Baskaran V,Lim WS. coinfections in people with covid 19: a systematic review and analysis.J infect 2020 may 27
[4]. Gangneux JP, Bougnoux ME, Dannaoui E, cornet M, Zahar JR. Invasive fungal disease during COVID19: we should be prepared.
[5]. Mucormycosis in COVID-19: A systematic review of cases reported worldwide and in India.Awadhesh Kumar Singh, Ritu Singh,a Shashank R. Joshi,b and Anoop Misrac,d

Abstract: Entire gastrointestinal system can be affected due to tuberculosis (TB) including pancreas, peritoneum and the biliary system. This study aimed to study the clinical presentation and the management of abdominal tuberculosis among patients reporting to a tertiary care center. From November 2019 to December 2021, a prospective study was done among 50 patients diagnosed with abdominal tuberculosis in a tertiary care hospital. Data was collected based on their clinical features, radiological evaluation, diagnosis and treatment. It was tabulated in excel and analysed using IBM SPSS v23. The mean age of the participants is 44.24 years......

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Abstract: Blunt injuries of the chest have a positive correlation with mortality and morbidity1. Major portion of the blunt injuries is constituted by rib fractures. The mortality and morbidity increases with an increased frequency of rib fractures. This study aimed to determine the pathologies associated with blunt chest trauma and to analyze the accurate identification of patients at high risk for major chest trauma like hemothorax, pneumothorax, for ICD insertion and its associated complications like atelectasis and pneumonia. From June 2018 to October 2020, a prospective study was done among 100 patients using purposive sampling. Patients of all age group with blunt chest wall trauma with documented radiographic evidence of hemothorax or pneumothorax......

Keywords: Blunt trauma, Chest wall injuries, Rib fractures, Prospective Study, Tamil Nadu

[1]. Bulger EM, Arneson MA, Mock CN, Jurkovich GJ. Rib fractures in the elderly. J Trauma-Injury Infec Crit Care. 2000;48(6):1040–
6. discussion 1046–1047.
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population-based study. J Trauma-Injury Infect Crit Care. 1990;30(6):689–94.
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2012;43(10):1667–71.
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2013;26(5):626–31.
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Abstract: We report the case of a 26-year-old, with no particular previous history, presenting with progressive and bilateral decrease in visual acuity which had been worsening since childhood. The ophthalmological examination included a measure of visual acuity using Snellen's distance vision chart. We did a complete and bilateral biomicroscopic examination of the anterior and the posterior segment with measurement of the eye pressure.

Keywords: sutural, lamellar, zonular, cataract, opacity

[1]. Bharat Patil RS, Bhagbat Nayak, Gautam Sinha, et al. Pediatric cataract. Delhi J Ophthalmol 2015;25:160—5.
[2]. Haargaard B, Wohlfahrt J, Fledelius HC, Rosenberg T, Melbye M. Incidence and cumulative risk of childhood cataract in a cohort of 2.6 million Danish children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45(5):1316-1320.
[3]. Serafino M, Trivedi RH, Levin AV, Wilson ME, Nucci P, Lambert SR, et al. Use of the Delphi process in paediatric cataract management. Br J Ophthalmol. 2015. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307287. [Epub ahead of print].

Abstract: Background: Among hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preeclampsia contributes to about 7- 10% of all pregnancies. Hyperuricemia is a common finding and often precedes clinical manifestations of preeclampsia. There are several studies to suggest positive correlation between serum uric acid levels and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. This study is to determine the correlation between salivary and serum uric acid levels in preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: The Study was performed among 50 preeclamptic subjects in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at SRIHER over......

Keywords: Salivary uric acid, Serum uric acid, cohort study, Preeclampsia

[1]. Urmila Singh, Vandana Solanki, Seema Mehrotra, Ruchita Sharma. An evaluation of applicability of salivary uric acid measurement in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy and its correlation with serum uric acid. (JOGI)2019 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-018-1124-6
[2]. Soukup M, Biesiada I, Henderson A, et al. Salivary uric acid as a noninvasive biomarker of metabolic syndrome.DiabetolMetab Syndr.2012;4:14.
[3]. Bainbridge SA, Roberts JM.Uric acid as a pathogenic factor in preeclampsia. Placenta.2008;29(Suppl A):S67-S72.doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2007.11.001.
[4]. Tejal P, Astha D. Relationship of serum uric acid level to maternal and perinatal outcome in patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.Gujarat Med J. 2014;69(2):45-7.
[5]. Roberts JM, Bodnar LM, Lain KY, Hubel CA, Markovic N, Ness RB, Powers RW. Uric acid is as important as proteinuria in identifying fetal risk in women with gestational hypertension. Hypertension.2005; 46:1263–9. [PubMed: 16246973]