iosr-JDMS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2022

Abstract: Background: To study the outcome of bipolar hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of fracture neck femur, To study the functional and radiological outcome after bipolar hemiarthroplasty, To study the bipolar hemiarthroplasty in terms of Operative time, Blood loss ,Intraoperative hypotension ,Mobilization following surgery, Periprosthetic fracture, Hip dislocation, Postoperative pain and function, Incidence of infection ,Reoperation Duration of stay at hospital, Limb edema ,Thromboembolism. Materials and Methods: It is a hospital based observational.........

Keywords: Geriatric population, Post menopause, Osteoporotic, Intracapsular part, Hemiarthroplasty, Periprosthetic fracture

[1]. Dinesh K Dhanwal, Elaine M Dennison, Nick C Harvey, Cyrus Cooper Epidemiology of hip fracture: Worldwide geographic variation. Indian J Orthop 2011 Jan-Mar; 45(1): 15–22.
[2]. Schmidt AH, Swiontkowski MF. Femoral neck fractures. Orthop Clin North Am 2002; 33(1):97-111.
[3]. Leighton RK: Fractures of the Neck of the Femur. In: Rockwood and Green's fracture in Adults. Ed: Bucholz RW, Heckman JD, Court-Brown CM. 6th edn. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2006; 1753-1791.
[4]. Foster AP, Thompson NW, Wong J, Charlwood AP: Periprosthetic femoral fractures--a comparison between cemented and uncemented hemiarthroplasties. Injury. 2005;36(3):424-429
[5]. S Jameson, P James, A Rangan, S Muller, and M Reed; Cemented versus uncemented hemiarthroplasty for intracapsular fractured neck of femur - a national analysis of matched NHS patients; J Bone Joint Surg Br Proceedings 2012 94-B:29

Abstract: PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder of reproductive-aged women and affects approximately 6 to 16 % in general population studies. Although symptoms of androgen excess may vary among ethnicities, PCOS appears to affect all races and nationalities similarly. The underlying cause of PCOS is unknown. However, a genetic basis that is both multifactorial and polygenic is suspected, as the syndrome aggregates within families and first-degree relatives. By far the most common, although the least understood, cause of androgen chronic anovulation and polycystic ovaries. (1) (2) Approximately 75% of anovulatory women of any cause have polycystic ovaries and 20-25% of women with normal ovulation demonstrate ultrasound findings typical of polycystic ovaries. (2) (3) Women with PCOS also display greater degrees of insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia......

[1]. William's gynaecology (Chapter 18, polycystic ovarian syndrome and Hyperandrogenism).
[2]. Jeffcoat's Principles of gynaecology (Chapter 23, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome).
[3]. Text book of Gynaecology by D C Dutta (Chapter 29 Amenorrhea).
[4]. Charak Samhita- 1, Comm. Shri Satyanarayana Shastri with Vidyotini Hindi Commentary by Pt. Kashinath Shastri & Dr. Gorakhnath Chaturvedi, Published by Chaukhamba Bharti Academy, Varanasi, pp-383.
[5]. Kaushal R, Parchure N, Bano G, et.al Insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction in the brothers of Indians Subcontinent Asian woman with Polycystic ovaries, clinical endocrinology, 2004;60.322-328..

Abstract: Background: The Niger Delta, specifically, Ogoniland in Nigeria was declared by the United Nations in 2011 as a zone of environmental disaster. The prevalence of birth defects in the region was high at 20.7 per 1000 life-births but unfortunately, not much was known about the impact of environmental pollution on the prevalence of birth defects in the core Niger Delta (Rivers and Bayelsa States).
Objective: The objective of the study was therefore to ascertain the contribution of environmental pollutants to the aetiology of congenital abnormalities in the Niger Delta. Methodology: The study was of mixed......

Key words: Environmental pollution, birth defects, Niger Delta, Nigeria

[1]. WHO Fact sheet on congenital abnormalities. Updated September 2016. www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs370/en/. Assessed 13/03/2018
[2]. Turnpenny, P, Ellard S. Emery's Elements of Medical Genetics. 2005. 12th Edition. Edinburgh, United Kingdom: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone.
[3]. MOD (March of Dimes). "The March of Dimes Global Report on Birth Defects: The Hidden Toll of Dying and Disabled Children." March of Dimes Birth Defects. 2006. Foundation White Plains, New York. http://www.marchofdimes.com/MOD-Report-PF.pdf
[4]. WHO. Benzene. In: Air Quality Guidelines. 2nd ed. Environmental Health Criteria, Geneva: World Health Organization; 1993; 82:165–169.
[5]. Obire O, Amusan FO. The environmental impact of oilfield formation water on a freshwater stream in Nigeria. J Appl Scanag. 2003; 7(1):61–66..

Abstract: Background- To diagnose and monitor nail disorders correctly have been a challenge for treating dermatologists. Diagnosis of nail disorders with unaided eyes is very difficult and confusing clinically. So many a times we need additional diagnostic procedures to improve the clinical outcome. Onychoscopy, is a non invasive technique to see subtle nail changes, hence aid in diagnosis. The objective of the study to examine dermoscopic features in various nail disorders. Methods- 162 patients were recruited in cross sectional descriptive study with evident dermatological nail disorders. After thorough clinical........

Key Word: Onychoscopy, proximal nailfold capillaroscopy, psoriasis

[1]. Vos MHE, Nguyen KP, Van Erp PEJ, Van de Kerkhof PCM, Driessen RJB, Peppelman M. The value of (video)dermoscopy in the diagnosis and monitoring of common inflammatory skin diseases: a systematic review. Eur J Dermatol. 2018 Oct 1;28(5):575-596. doi: 10.1684/ejd.2018.3396. PMID: 30378544.
[2]. Scher RK, Daniel CR.eds. Nail: Therapy, Diagnosis, Surgery, 2nd edn. Philadelphia:Saunders,1997:3.
[3]. A Cross-sectional Descriptive Study of Dermoscopy in various Nail Diseases at a Tertiary Care Center. Int J Dermoscop 2017;1(1):11-19.
[4]. Grover C, Jakhar D. Diagnostic utility of onychoscopy: Review of literature. Indian J Dermatopathol Diagn Dermatol 2017;4:31-40Rathod D, Makhecha MB, Chatterjee M, Singh T, Neema S.
[5]. Varma K, Kumar U, Jain P. Onychoscopic evaluation of various nail disorders at a Tertiary care center. IP Indian J Clin Exp Dermatol 2020;6(4):382-390..

Abstract: Background: Acute febrile illness (AFI) is a common cause of patient visits to healthcare centres of India. Among AFIs the mosquito borne infections have gained concern in the recent years due to their shared endemicity, seasonal variation and recurring outbreaks. Co-infections complicate the diagnosis and course of treatment. This study was aimed to diagnose mosquito borne infections- dengue, malaria, chikungunya and their co-infections in acute febrile illness cases attending a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A Cross sectional study including 324 serum samples from acute fever cases of both sexes and all age groups.....

Key words: Acute febrile illness, Chikungunya, coinfections, Dengue, ELISA, Malaria.

[1]. Joshi S, Immanuel G, Arulrhaj S, Tiwaskar M, Vora A, Samavedam S. Roadmap for the Management of Acute Undifferentiated Febrile Illness: An Expert Discussion and Review of Available Guidelines. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India. 2021 Sep 1;69(9):11-2.
[2]. Bhaskaran D, Chadha SS, Sarin S, Sen R, Arafah S, Dittrich S. Diagnostic tools used in the evaluation of acute febrile illness in South India: a scoping review. BMC infectious diseases. 2019 Dec;19(1):1-4.
[3]. Abhilash KP, Jeevan JA, Mitra S, Paul N, Murugan TP, Rangaraj A, David S, Hansdak SG, Prakash JA, Abraham AM, Ramasami P. Acute undifferentiated febrile illness in patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital in South India: clinical spectrum and outcome. Journal of global infectious diseases. 2016 Oct;8(4):147.
[4]. Abrahamsen SK, Haugen CN, Rupali P, Mathai D, Langeland N, Eide GE, Mørch K. Fever in the tropics: aetiology and case-fatality-a prospective observational study in a tertiary care hospital in South India. BMC infectious diseases. 2013 Dec;13(1):1-8.
[5]. Joshi N, Rajeshwari K, Dubey AP, Singh T, Kaur R. Clinical spectrum of fever of unknown origin among Indian children. Annals of tropical paediatrics. 2008 Dec 1;28(4):261-6.

Abstract: The stigma around discussion about reproductive health is a major obstruction in spreading awareness and introducing sanitary practices and promoting reproductive hygiene early in childhood so that children can be conditioned into taking genital hygiene seriously and make intimate washing a routine habit. As healthcare workers, we must strive to raise awareness about reproductive hygiene in early childhood as an attempt to prevent genitourinary tract infections and if started early, the healthy cleaning habits can significantly reduce genitourinary tract infections due to infective causes in children and consequently in adults..

Key Word: Reproductive health, Genitourinary tract infection, Prevention of UTI, Mother and Child Healthcare

[1]. Kasthuri A. Challenges to healthcare in India-the five A's. Indian journal of community medicine: official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine. 2018 Jul;43(3):141.
[2]. De M, Taraphdar P, Paul S, Halder A. Awareness of breast feeding among mothers attending antenatal OPD of NRS medical college. IOSR J of Dent and Med Sci. 2016;15:3-8.
[3]. Oxford Dictionary Online. Available from: https://www.en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/access
[4]. Munjanja SP, Magure T, Kandawasvika G. 11 Geographical access, transport and referral systems. Maternal and perinatal health in developing countries. 2012:139.
[5]. Understanding Healthcare Access in India. Report by the IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics. 2012. Available from: http://www.imshealth.com.

Abstract: AIM & OBJECTIVE : This is a retrospective study of incidence orbital manifestations in post covid cases and their response to IV retrobulbar antifungal agents. RESULTS: In this study , comprising of 200 cases over a period of 6 months , the orbital & ocular manifestations of mucormycosis in post covid cases has being studied . After surgical debridement of sinuses, and intravenous injections of Antifungal The response........

KEY WORDS : COVID-19 , MUCORMYCOSIS , PTOSIS , PROPTOSIS AMPHOTERICIN-B , ORBITAL CELLULITIS

[1]. Kiszrot J Rubin PA . Invasive fungal infections of the orbit . Int Ophthalmol Clin 2007;13:236-301.
[2]. Ribes JA, Vanover –Sams CL , Baker DJ. Zygomycetes in human disease. Clin Microbial Rev 2000;13:236-301
[3]. Petrikkos G, Skiada A , Lortholary O, Rollides E , Walsh TJ, Kontoyiannis DP. Epidemiology and Clinical manifestations of mucormycosis . Clin Infect Dis 2012;54 Suppl 1:S23-34.
[4]. Sun HY , Forrest G , Gupta KL, Aguado JM , Lortholary O, Julia MB , et al. Rhino orbital cerebral Zygomycosis in solid organ transplant recepients. Transplantation 2010;90:85-92.
[5]. Chahal HS , Abagaryan N , Lakshminaryanan R , Glover AT . Orbital mucormycosis following periorbital cutaneous infection . Opthal Plant Reconstr Surg 2015.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a multisystem disease posing the biggest diagnostic challenge to even the most experienced of clinicians.The term abdominal tuberculosis refers to tuberculous infection of the gastrointestinal tract, mesenteric lymph nodes, peritoneum and omentum, and of solid organs related to GIT such as liver, spleen and pancreas.Abdominal Tuberculosis comprises around 5 percent of all cases of tuberculosis worldwide.Abdomen is involved in 11% of patients with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Abdominal tuberculosis is an increasingly common disease that poses diagnostic challenge, as the nonspecific features of the disease which may lead to diagnostic delays and development of complications. Materials and Methods: Case reports of the patients who had presented in the surgical outpatient or in the emergency department of NRI Medical college & General Hospital.Diagnosis is made based on the histopathological features and the intraoperative findings....

Key Word: Abdominal tuberculosis,Clinical presentation,diagnosis,histopathology,treatment

[1]. Addison N.V. & J.M. Findlay. Abdominal Tuberculosis. Current Surgical practice vol. 3 page, 48-61(1982).
[2]. Surendra K Sharma, Alladi Mohan &Mikashmi Kohli (2021)Extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 15:7, 931-948, DOI:10.1080/17476348.2021.1927718
[3]. Rathi P, Gambhire P. Abdominal Tuberculosis. J Assoc Physicians India. 2016 Feb;64(2):38-47. PMID: 27730779.
[4]. Debi U, Ravisankar V, Prasad KK, Sinha SK, Sharma AK. Abdominal tuberculosis of the gastrointestinal tract: revisited. World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Oct 28;20(40):14831-40. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i40.14831. PMID: 25356043; PMCID: PMC4209546.
[5]. Vagholkar KR, Chandrashekhar S, Vagholkar S. Abdominal tuberculosis: a surgical perplexity. Int J Adv Med 2018;5:1318-21.

Abstract: Background : Sepsis is a medical emergency and is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity across the world. The present study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between D-dimer level and other prognostic markers of Sepsis like APACHE II, SOFA scores, and serum lactate levels in predicting sepsis severity in ICU patients. Method :This prospective observational study was conducted at Department of Emergency Medicine, J. J. M Medical College, Davangere, Karnataka from August 2021 to October 2021. A total of 40 patients with clinical and laboratory findings of sepsis admitted at the Emergency Medicine department, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. Patients's.....

Keywords: Sepsis, Severity, D-Dimer, APACHE II, SOFA, Lactate.

[1]. Watson RS, Carcillo JA, Linde-Zwirble WT, Clermont G, Lidicker J, Angus DC. The epidemiology of severe sepsis in children in the United States. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2003;167(5):695-701.
[2]. Kauss IA, Grion CM, Cardoso LT, Anami EH, Nunes LB, Ferreira GL, Matsuo T, Bonametti AM. The epidemiology of sepsis in a Brazilian teaching hospital. Braz J Infect Dis. 2010;14(3):264-70.
[3]. Baratloo A, Rahmati F, Rouhipour A, Motamedi M, Gheytanchi E, Amini F, Safari S. Correlation of blood gas parameters with central venous pressure in patients with septic shock; a pilot study. Bulletin of emergency & trauma. 2014;2(2):77-81.
[4]. Mirbaha S, Abushouk AI, Negida A, Rouhipour A, Baratloo A. The effect of fluid therapy on hemodynamic and venous blood gas parameters in patients with septic shock. Journal of Medical Physiology. 2016;1(2):55-9.
[5]. Hunter P. Sepsis under siege: a new understanding of sepsis might lead to the development of therapies to treat septic shock. EMBO Rep. 2006;7(7):667-9..

Abstract: Aim: A simple measure to prevent PPH is active management of third stage of labour. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of oral misoprostol with oxytocin 10 units intramuscular injection in the active management of third stage of labour. Materials and Method: This prospective study is conducted in Coimbatore medical college hospital included 300 women with parity of <3, having singleton low risk pregnancy at or above 37 weeks of gestation, with spontaneous onset of labour and vaginal delivery. The women randomly allocated into two groups .one was given 10 units of oxytocin IM after delivery and the other group were given misoprostol 600mcgorally.the primary outcome studied were amount.......

Keywords: Misoprostol, oxytocin, AMTSL, PPH

[1]. Gulmezoglu AM, Villar J, Ngoc NT, et al. WHO multicentre randomized trial of misoprostol in the management of the third stage of labour. Lancet. 2001; 358:689–695. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05835-4. [PubMed]
[2]. Oboro VO, Tabowei TO. A randomized controlled trial of misoprostol versus oxytocin in the active management of the third stage of labour. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2003; 23:13–16. doi: 10.1080/0144361021000043146. [PubMed]
[3]. Ujah IA, Aisien OA, Mutihir JT, Vanderjaqt DJ, Glew RH, Uguru VE. Factors contributing to maternal mortality in north-central Nigeria: a seventeen-year review. Afr J Reprod Health. 2005; 9:27–40.
[4]. Shrestha A, Dongol A, Chawla CD, Adhikari RK. Rectal misoprostol versus intramuscular oxytocin for prevention of post-partum hemorrhage. Kathmandu Univ Med J.2011;9(1):8–12
[5]. Prendiville W, Elbourne D, McDonald S. Active versus expectant management in the third stage of labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000; CD000007.