iosr-JDMS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2022

Abstract: An example of venous thrombosis is the formation of an arterial blood clot (thrombus). Swelling and discomfort are common side effects when a blood clot forms in a vein. When deep vein thrombosis develops in the lower legs, thighs, or pelvis, it is most frequent. One of the most common causes of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is excessive exercise. The most frequent kind of venous thrombosis is DVT in the leg. A clot, on the other hand, might develop anywhere in the veins. An embolus occurs when a piece of a blood clot that has formed in the vein separates from the place where it developed and travels through the veins. A pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when the embolus becomes lodged in the lung, and it is a life-threatening illness that accounts for more than......

[1]. ACR, R. S. N. A. and. (2020, June 15). Catheter-directed thrombolysis. Radiologyinfo.org. Retrieved January 29, 2022, from https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/thrombo
[2]. ACR, R. S. N. A. and. (2020, June 14). Inferior vena cava filter placement and removal. Radiologyinfo.org. Retrieved January 29, 2022, from https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/VenaCavaFilter
[3]. Kearon C, Akl EA, Comerota AJ, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed, American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012; 141: e419S–e496S.
[4]. Kruger, P. C., Eikelboom, J. W., Douketis, J. D., & Hankey, G. J. (2019). Deep vein thrombosis: update on diagnosis and management. The Medical journal of Australia, 210(11), 516–524. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.50201
[5]. Foran, J. (2021, March). Deep vein thrombosis - orthoinfo - aaos. OrthoInfo. Retrieved January 29, 2022, from https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis.

Abstract: Background: Since it was discovered by Karl Landsteiner, the ABO blood group system is the most important blood group system in Transfusion Medicine. The blood group systems are also very important in population genetic studies, researching population migration patterns as well as resolving certain medico-legal issues, particularly disputed parentage. This study was carried out with an objective to provide data regarding prevalence of ABO and Rh blood groups among blood donors in District Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir, India.....

Keywords: ABO & Rh blood group, Blood donor, Rh, Prevalence

[1]. Lefrère J, Berche P. Landsteiner discovers the blood groups. Transfus Clin Biol. 2010;17(1):1–82
[2]. Garraty G, Dzik W, Issitt PD, Lublin DM, Reid ME, Zelinski T. Terminology for blood group antigens and genes—historical origins and guidelines in the new millennium. Transfusion. 2000;40(4):477–89.
[3]. Hosei E. Biological and clinical aspects of ABO blood group system. J Med Investig. 2008;55 (3–4):174–82.
[4]. Crow JF: Felix Bernstein and the first human marker locus. Genetics 1993; 133:4–7
[5]. Klug SW, Cunnings RM: Concepts of Genetics, 5th edn. vol. 1. Upper saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1997:1.

Abstract: Cutaneous drug eruption is the most common adverse drug reaction attributed to a drug. Fixed drug eruption represents the most common cutaneous drug reaction in Indian patients1.H1 antihistaminics are commonly used medications for a wide variety of disorders such as urticarial,eczema,allergic reactions,and allergic rhinitis.2Hypersensitivity to H1 antihistaminics are usually rare and fixed drug eruption reaction is scarce.......

[1]. Patel RM, Marfatia YS. Clinical study of cutaneous drug eruptions in 200 patients. Indian J Dermatol Venerol Leprol. 2008;74:430
[2]. Greaves MW. Antihistamines. In: Wolverton SE, editor. Comprehensive Dermatologic Drug Therapy. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, Elsevier; 2007. pp. 391–400.
[3]. Brocq L. Éruptionerythemato-pigmentée fixe due al'antipyrine. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 1894;5:308
[4]. Brahimi N, Routier E, Raison-Peyron N, Tronquoy AF, Pouget-Jasson C, Amarger S, et al. A three-year-analysis of fixed drug eruptions in hospital settings in France. Eur J Dermatol. 2010;20:461–4
[5]. Hindioglu U, Sahin S. Nonpigmenting solitary fixed drug eruption caused bypseudoephedrine hydrochloride. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998;38:499–500.

Abstract: Background: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a common cause of neurological dysfunction. Surgical decompression of the cervical spinal cord is effective in treating CSM. It ceases symptom progression and suggests a meaningful functional recovery in a remarkable size among treated individuals. This study is a comparative analysis and systematic review of anterior and posterior surgical approaches performed to determine the approaches' effectiveness in managing multilevel CSM. Materials and Methods: In this prospective non-randomized study, 60 patients admitted with cervical spondylotic myelopathy aged 51-60 years.....

Key-words: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy; Functional scales; Corpectomy; Laminectomy; Segmental spondylotic changes.

[1]. Emery SE. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: diagnosis and treatment. / Am Acad Orthop Surg 2001;9:376–88.
[2]. Sampath P, Bendebba M, Davis JD, et al. Outcome of patients treated for cervical myelopathy. A prospective, multicenter study with the independent clinical review. Spine 2000;25:670-6.
[3]. Kaptain GJ, Simmons NE, Replogle RE, et al. Incidence and outcome of kyphotic deformity following laminectomy for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. / Neurosurg 2000;93:199-204.
[4]. Shamji MF, Cook C, Tackett S, et al. Impact of pre-operative neurological status on perioperative morbidity associated with anterior and posterior cervical fusion. / Neurosurg Spine 2008;9:10-6.
[5]. Nurick S. The pathogenesis of the spinal cord disorder associated with cervical spondylosis. Brain. 1972;95:87-100

Abstract: In this era of artificial intelligence and robotic surgery we are on the verge of reconstructing a face in the best possible way based on anthropometric values. These values can act as the data for artificial intelligence in creating an algorithm for facial reconstuction surgeries. These values are useful for surgeons in facial reconstruction even today. Anthropometric values varies with each ethnic races. So it is essential to formulate the average anthropometric values for each ethnic race. In this study we are intending to find the normal average anthropometric values of orbito nasal area of people in South Kerala, India..

Keywords – Anthropometry ,intercanthal distance, Inter Pupillary distance, Syndromic reconstruction

[1]. Meltem Acar Gudek, Ahmet Uzun. Anthropometric measurements of the orbital contour and canthal distance in young Turkish. J Anat Soc Ind. 6 4;( 2 0 1 5 ) s 1 – s 6.
[2]. Uzun A, Akbas H, Bilgic S. The average values of the nasal anthropometric measurements in 108 young Turkish males. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2006 Mar;33:315.
[3]. Raschke GF, Rieger UM, Bader RD, et al. Objective anthropometric analysis of eyelid reconstruction procedures. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2013 Jan;41:52–58.
[4]. Oladipo GS, Fawehinmi HB, Okoh PD. Canthal indices of Urhobo and Itsekiri ethnic groups. Aust J Basic Appl Sci. 2009;3:3093–3096.
[5]. Etezad-Razavi M, Jalalifar S. Correlation between interpupillary and inner-outer intercanthal distances in individuals younger than 20. J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2008 Jan;3:16–22

Abstract: Objective: to evaluate the maxillary anterior en-mass retraction rate and anchorage loss in self ligating brackets (SLBs) and conventional brackets. Material and method: The study was conducted on 20 patients within the age group of 14-24 years. The patients had class I molar relationship with overjet not more than 5mm and class II molar relationship with proclined maxillary incisors who were planned for all four first premolar extraction, requiring maximum anchorage. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=10): group A consisted of 10 patients receiving 0.022×0.028-inch slot metal conventional.....

Keywords – self ligating brackets, conventional brackets, en-mass retraction, anchorage loss

[1]. Mauricio Mezomo,Eduardo S.de lima- Maxillary canine retraction with self-ligating and conventional brackets. Angle Orthod. 2011;81:292–297.
[2]. 2.Kusy RP, Whitley JQ. Friction between different wire- bracketconfigurations and materials. In Seminars in orthodontics 1997 Sep 30 (Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 166-177). WB Saunders.
[3]. Dholakia K K and Bhat S . Clinical efficiency of non-conventional elastomeric ligatures in the canine retraction phase of preadjusted edgewise appliance therapy : An in-vivo study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2012;141:715-22
[4]. Storey. E and Smith.R- Force in orthodontics and its relation to tooth movement .Aust J Dent. 1952;56:13.
[5]. Pizzoni L, Ravnholt G, Melsen B. Frictional forces related to self-ligating brackets. Eur J Orthod. 1998;20(3):283-91.

Abstract: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is the presence of 1 or more species of bacteria growing in the urine at specified quantitative counts (≥105 colony-forming units [CFU]/mL or ≥108 CFU/L), irrespective of the presence of pyuria, in the absence of signs or symptoms attributable to urinary tract infection (UTI). Pregnant women are at an increased risk of urinary tract infection due to their anatomic structure (short urethra) and physiological changes during pregnancy making a favourable environment for bacterial proliferation. The source of bacterial contamination is usually from the gastrointestinal tract, periurethreal or vaginal flora. During pregnancy secretions of progesterone causes smooth muscle relaxation, dilatation of the ureters and renal pelvis which along with compression from the........

[1]. Nicolle LE, Bradley S, Colgan R et al; Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for the diagnoses and treatment of ASB in adults. Clin. Infect. Dis 2005; 40:643-54
[2]. Celen S, Oruc AS, Karayalcin R, Saygan S, Unlu S, Polat B, et al. Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and Antibacterial Susceptibility Patterns in an Obstetric Population. ISRN Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;2011
[3]. Kacmaz B, Cakir O, Aksoy A, Biri A. Evaluation of rapid urine screening tests to detect asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. Jpn J Infec Dis. 2006;59(4):261–3
[4]. Samad H: Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnant Women; Urol J (Tehran). 2007:4: 24-27
[5]. Fathima N, Yasmin S, Ishrat S, et al: Prevalence and complications of asymtomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy: Professional Med J Mar 2006;13(1):108-112

Abstract: The greater palatine canal communicates with the oral cavity through the greater palatine foramen, which is located opposite the 3rd molar teeth . The greater palatine canal continues in a postero- superior direction and terminates at a inverse pyramid- shaped space called pterygopalatine fossa . Through this fossa Greater palatine canal communicates with Middle cranial fossa - foramen rotundum . Nasal cavity- Sphenopalatine......

[1]. Howard - Swirzinski K, Edwards PC , Saini TS, Norton NS (2010) length and geometric pattern of the greater palatine canal observed in cone beam computed tomography. Int J Dent pii: 292753. doi : 10.1155/2010/292753 (PMC free article ) ( PubMed )
[2]. Hwang SH , Seo JH, joo YH Kim BG , Cho JH, Kang JM . An anatomical study using three - dimensional reconstruction for pterygopalatine fossa infiltration via the greater palatine canal. Clin Anat. 2011;24:576-582.doi:10.1002/21134. ( PubMed) ( Cross Ref ) ( Google scholar)
[3]. Das S, Kim D, Cannon TY , Ebert CS jr , senior BA . High resolution computed tomography analysis of the greater palatine canal. Am J Rhinol . 2006; 20:603-608
[4]. Viegas AR , Hemphill FM . Predicting depth of insertion of needle required to anesthetize the maxillary nerve by way of the pterygopalatine canal . J Oral surg . 1961;19:105-109.( PubMed ) ( Google scholar)
[5]. H . S Kim , D.L . Kim , I.H Chung , "high resolution CT of the pterygopalatine fossa and its communication " Neuroradiology , Vol 38, supplement I, pp S120-S126,1996.

Abstract: Background: Arthritis is normally observed as a disease caused as result of inflamed joints. Inherently, it is not just a single disease rather a collection of medical problems collectively termed as "Arthritis". In case of arthritis, mainly the suffering starts due to faulty joints. It has a high commonness universally and which includes over 100 types, the most well-known are rheumatoid joint pain (RA), osteoarthritis (OA) and inflammatory arthritis. All types of arthritis share common features of disease, including pain, inflammation, synovial swelling, stiffness in the joints and articular cartilage destruction. Objective: the objective of this study is to analyze pathophysiological progression of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Material & methods: This prospective study was........

Key Wards: Arthritis, OA (Osteoarthritis), RA (Rheumatoid arthritis), PLT (Platelet), TLC (Total leukocyte count), ESR (Erythrocyte sedimentation rate), RBS (Random blood sugar), Pathophysiological.

[1]. Arthritis Foundation; www.arthritis.org.
[2]. Mitra Sankar. arthritis: classification, nature & cause - a review: ajbbl. 2013;02(03):01-19.
[3]. Bijlsma JW, Berenbaum F, Lafeber FP. Osteoarthritis: an update with relevance for clinical practice. Lancet. 2011;377(9783):2115-26.
[4]. Keeble, Emma. "Osteoarthritis in pet guinea pigs: an update on diagnosis, treatment and management." Companion Animal 2021;(26.6): 100-106.
[5]. Jindal, Ankur Kumar, et al. A young female with early onset arthritis, uveitis, hepatic, and renal granulomas: a clinical tryst with Blau syndrome over 20 years and case-based review. Rheumatol Int. 2021;41(1):173-81

Abstract: Introduction: Cigarette smoking induces lung inflammation, repeated injury and followed by repair. The oxidative stress and an excess of proteinase in lung further modify lung inflammation. This increase in oxidative stress can be seen as the change in levels of markers like lipid peroxidation and oxidative protein products.Aim:The present study aimed to measure and correlate the serum levels of Ischemia Modified Albumin (IMA) with Malondialdehyde (MDA) in cigarette smokers and non-smokers.Material and Methods:The present study was conducted at Father Muller Medical........

Keywords: Ischemia Modified Albumin (IMA), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Smoker, Oxidative stress

[1]. Moussa SB, Sfaxi I, Tabka Z, Saad HB, Rouatbi S. Oxidative stress and lung function profiles of male smokers free from COPD compared to those with COPD: a case-control study. Libyan J Med. 2014;9:23873.
[2]. Jindal SK, Aggarwal AN, Chaudhry K, Chhabra SK, D'Souza GA, Gupta D, et al. Tobacco smoking in India: prevalence, quit-rates and respiratory morbidity. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 2006;48(1):37–42.
[3]. Petersen PE. Strengthening the prevention of oral cancer: the WHO perspective. Vol. 33, Community dentistry and oral epidemiology. Wiley Online Library; 2005. p. 397–9.
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[5]. Ozguner F, Koyu A, Cesur G. Active smoking causes oxidative stress and decreases blood melatonin levels. ToxicolInd Health. 2005;21(1–2):21–6.

Abstract: Introduction - Cardiac injury is common in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Cardiac dysfunction after stroke may be caused by several mechanisms, including activation of the HPA axis, sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation, catecholamine surge, gut microbiome dysbiosis, & immune responses and inflammation. 11 These changes include ST-T changes, QTc prolongation, abnormal U waves etc.8-10 Few studies have also demonstrated 2D echocardiographic changes in stroke patients in the form of LV dysfunction, aortic valve abnormality, mitral valve abnormality, etc.11 Hence the present study was done with the objectives.....

[1]. Ay H, Koroshetz WJ, Benner T, Vangel MG, Melinosky C, Arsava EM, Ayata C, Zhu M, Schwamm LH, Sorensen AG. Neuroanatomic correlates of stroke-related myocardial injury. Neurology. 2006;66:1325–1329.
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