iosr-JDMS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2022

Abstract: Sturge-Weber syndrome has been included in the group of phakomatoses that is characterized by hamartomas involving the brain, skin, and eyes. The characteristic facial port-wine stain involving the first branch of trigeminal nerve and the embryonic vasculature distribution in this area, leads to several ocular complications of anterior segment and can involve the eyelids and conjunctiva. The posterior segment of the eye is also affected with prevalence rate ranging from 30%-70% 1. Glaucoma is related to anterior chamber malformations, high episcleral venous pressure, and changes in ocular hemodynamics. Glaucoma can be diagnosed at birth, but the disease can develop during childhood and in adults

[1]. Kainat Akhter, BA and Sarwat Salim, MD .Sturge –weber syndrome and secondary glaucoma. Ophthalmic Pearls. Eyenet
[2]. Weiss DI. Trans Ophthalmology.2000:107(11):2105-2110
[3]. Mandal AK ophthalmology. 1999;106(8):1621-1627.
[4]. Rodolleda G Ophthalmology. 200;108(12);2152-2153
[5]. Flavisco Mantelli, Alice Bruscolini. Ocular manifestation if Sturge-Weber Syndrome: pathaogensis, diagnosis, and manangement. Clinical ophthalmology 2016:10.871-878.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Covid-19 is potentially fatal infection caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-COV-2).The use of HFNC and NIV in patients with covid-19 is debated. AIM: To assess outcomes of HFNC and NIV in patients with covid-19. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective observational study was done in 18 and 24 covid19 patients confirmed by RTPCR who used HFNC and NIV as first line therapy respectively from july-august 2020. RESULTS: Mean age in HFNC and NIV group was 62 and 58 respectively.There was no difference in disease severity , proportion of comorbidities and oxygenation level between 2 groups.Among 18 patients who used HFNC as a first line therapy 5 experienced HFNC failure and used NIV as rescue therapy.Among 24 patients with NIV as first line therapy 3 used HFNC as rescue therapy due to NIV intolerance.....

Keywords: HFNC, NIV

[1]. Rochwerg B, Brochard L, Elliott MW, et al. Official ERS/ATS clinical practice guidelines: noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J. 2017;50.
[2]. Alhazzani W, Møller MH, Arabi YM, Loeb M, Gong MN, Fan E, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: guidelines on the management of critically ill adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Intensive Care Med 2020;46(5):854–887. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06022-5.
[3]. Phua J, Weng L, Ling L, et al. Intensive care management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): challenges and recommendations. Lancet Respir Med. 2020. https:// doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30161-2.
[4]. Frat JP, Thille AW, Mercat A, Girault C, Ragot S, Perbet S, et al. High-flow oxygen through nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. N Engl J Med 2015;372:2185-96.

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Magnesium sulphate is the drug of choice for prevention and treatment of eclampsia. Keeping above the above facts in mind, we have undertaken the present study to compare the efficacy of Zuspan IV magnesium sulphate regimen and Pritchard IM regimen in terms of maternal and perinatal outcomes.` METHODS 100 patients of imminent, antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum eclampsia reporting to the emergency room at Gandhi medical college during a period of 2 years were included in the study. Pts were randomly enrolled to receive Pritchard regimen or Zuspan regimen...........

Keywords: ECLAMPSIA, PRITCHARD REGIMEN,ZUSPAN REGIMEN.MAGNESIUM SULPHATE.

[1]. Mackay AP, Berg CJ, Atrash HK. Pregnancy-related mortality from preeclampsia and eclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 2001; 97:533-8.
[2]. Bhargava A, Pant R, Chutani I, Singh SR. Accelerated recovery from eclampsia. J Obstet Gynecol India. 2006;56:402-5
[3]. Seth S, Nagrath A, Singh DK. Comparison of low dose, single loading dose and standard Pritchard regimen of magnesium sulphate in ante-partum eclampsia. Anatol J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;1(1):1-4.
[4]. No Author. Which anticonvulsant for women with eclampsia? Evidence from the Collaborative Eclampsia Trial. Lancet. 1995;345(8963):1455-63.
[5]. Pritchard JA, Cunningham, FG Pritchard SA. The parkland memorial hospital protocol for treatment of eclampsia evaluation of 245 cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1984:148(7);951-63.

Abstract: Menarche is the onset of menstruation and is the manifestation of puberty among girls. This study was conducted to find out relation of age of menarche with nutrition, socio-economic status and diet in school girls of Kolhapur city. For this cross sectional observational study of longitudinal type, data was collected from 1041 school girls of Kolhapur city age between 9-15 for period of two years, May 10 - May 12. Data was collected from one urban school (500 girls) and two schools from slum area (541 girls) representing high socio-economic (HSE) and low socio-economic (LSE). Detailed information was collected with the help of questionnaire involving age of menarche, parity.........

Keywords: Age of Menarche, Nutrition, Socio-economic status, School girls, Kolhapur city.

[1]. J. Kishore's National Health Programmers Of India ,National Policies and Legislation Related to Health,9th edition, century publication New Delhi, page No.176-179
[2]. Maryam Asgharnia, Roya Faraji, Hajar Sharami, Merhnoosh Yadak, Mona Oudi, A study of Menarchal age in Northen Iran (Rasht) OMJ 24,95-98(2009);doi:10.5001/omj.2009.22
[3]. Iwona Wronka, Association between BMI & Age at Menarche in girls from different socioeconomic groups Anthrp.Anz.68/1,pp 43-51 Journal Of Biol.Clinic.Anthrop. Stuttgart, Published online May 2010
[4]. Diptendu Chatterjee, Sudeshna Chanda & Arup Ratan Bandyopadhyay, A comparative study on Anthropometry and Central body fat Distribution of Pre-enarcheal and Post –menarcheal Santal Girls of Jharkhand. Stud. Tribes Tribals,3(2):133-136(2005)
[5]. Daniel T Goon,Abel L Toriola, Jonathan Uever,Sarah Wuam ,and Olutoyin M Toriola, Growth status and menarcheal age among adolescent school girls in Wannune,Benue State,Nigeria BMC Pediatrics 2010,10:60,doi:10.1189/1471-2431-10-60

Abstract: OBJECTIVES- To compare misoprostol, methyl ergometrine for active management of the third stage of labour. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 200 women of 37 weeks to 42 weeks of gestation delivering vaginally in Siddhartha Medical College, Govt. General Hospital,Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh.200 women allocated into 2 groups of 100 each to receive 600 mcg sublingual misoprostol, or 200 mcg I.M. methyl ergometrine respectively. Primary outcome measure was blood loss in the third stage..........

Keywords: Postpartum Haemorrhage, Misoprostol, Methylergometrine, Methergine.

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Abstract: Background: Here we describe, Master x, a 17 year old male who had presented to the Psychiatry out-patient department (O.P.D) with abrupt onset of withdrawn behaviour, being less communicative, stupor and fearfulness, with a previous history of two such episodes at irregular intervals in the past illustrating that periodic catatonia can still occur as an independent disorder, warranting a need to relook into the current classification..

Keywords: periodic catatonia, gjessing syndrome, catatonia.

[1]. Gjessing R, Gjessing L. Some main trends in the clinical aspects of periodic catatonia. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1961;37(1):1-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1961.tb06155.x. PMID: 13899055.
[2]. Catatonia: Clinical Aspects and Neurobiological Correlates Jessica Daniels M.D.Published Online:1 Oct 2009
[3]. Solmi M, Pigato GG, Roiter B, et al. Prevalence of Catatonia and Its Moderators in Clinical Samples: Results from a Meta-analysis and Meta-regression Analysis. Schizophr Bull. 2018;44(5):1133-1150. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx157
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[5]. Chin-Chuen Lin, Yi-Yung Hung, Meng-Chang Tsai, Tiao-Lai Huang, The Lorazepam and Diazepam Protocol for Catatonia Due to General Medical Condition and Substance in Liaison Psychiatry, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0170452, 12, 1, (e0170452), (2017)..

Abstract: A contusion of the globe can be complicated by the rupture of the Bruch's membrane or the choroid. This complication occurs in 5 to 10% of cases, with a clear male predominance. We report the clinical case of a 32 year-old patient, victim of a severe contusive trauma in the left eye. The examination found a rupture of the Bruch's membrane at the fundus; the spontaneous evolution was marked by a visual improvement without neovascular complications. During post-traumatic Bruch's membrane ruptures, the prognosis is essentially linked in part to its location in relation to the macula; and secondly to the occurrence of neovascular complications (15 to 30% of cases)..

Keywords: Bruch rupture, eye injuries, neovascularization.

[1]. Saleh M. Contusions oculaires à globe fermé. J fr ophthalmol. 2012; 35(6):445-453.
[2]. Eagling EM. Ocular damage after blunt trauma to the eye: its relation-ship to the nature of the injury. Br J Ophthalmol. 1974 Feb; 58(2):126-140.
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[5]. Wood CM, Richardson J. Chorioretinal neovascular membranes complicating contusional eye injuries with indirect choroidal ruptures. Br J Ophthalmol. 1990 Feb;74(2):93-6..

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is an ancient disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. airways may be involved in pulmonary tuberculosis, affecting the calibre of airways and a decline in overall lung capacity via the process of scar fibrosis. The abnormality after pulmonary tuberculosis treatment includes fibrosis, bronchiectasis, bronchial stenosis causing pulmonary function abnormalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational study was conducted in 50 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae attending outpatient or admitted in GHCCD, Visakhapatnam from August 2021 to December 2021.the technique of spirometry was explained...........

Keywords: Spirometry, obstructive pattern , lung function , smokers , tuberculosis

[1]. Global Tuberculosis report 2019 – www.who.int/tb/publications/globalreport/.
[2]. Lee CH, Lee MC, Lin HH, Shu CC, Wang JY, Lee LN, Chao KM. Pulmonary tuberculosis and delay in anti-tuberculous treatment are important risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PloS one. 2012 May 25;7(5):e37978
[3]. Di Naso FC, Pereira JS, Schuh SJ, Unis G. Functional evaluation in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae. Rev Port Pneumol Engl Ed. 2011;17(5):216–21.
[4]. Rosenzweig DY, Stead WW. The role of tuberculosis and other forms of bronchopulmonary necrosis in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis. American Review of Respiratory Disease. 2006 May;93(5):769-85.
[5]. Rabe KF, Hurd S, Anzueto A, Barnes PJ, Buist SA, Calverley P, Fukuchi Y, Jenkins C, Rodriguez-Roisin R, Van Weel C, Zielinski J. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2007 Sep 15;176(6):532-55

Abstract: Background: endotracheal intubation & extubation are the procedures which cause stress response to airway manipulation which is hazardous for patients with low cardiorespiratory reserve.various pharmacological agents used to control it. Aims & objectives: To study the effect of two different doses of dexmedetomidine(0.5 μg/kg and 1 μg/kg) on hemodynamic responses during tracheal extubation,To compare the two groups with respect to hemodynamic parameters,time to extubate and quality of extubation & observe and compare sedation score in the two study groups.To study the side effects of drugs if any............

Keywords: Dexmedetomidine,postextubation stress response, sedation.

[1]. AHLQUIST RP. A study of the adrenotropic receptors. Am J Physiol 1948 Jun;153(3):586-600
[2]. Aksu R, Akin A; Bicer C, Esmaoglu A, Tosun Z, Boyaci A. Comparison of the effects of dexmedetomidine versus fentanyl on airway reflexes and hemodynamic responses to tracheal extubation during rhinoplasty: A Double- Blind, Randomized,controlled study. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2009; 70 (3):209-20.
[3]. Amrita Rath , Abhinay Jayanthi , Ghanshyam Yadav , Gyanendra . Comparison of dexmedetomidine and lignocaine on attenuation of airway and pressor responses during tracheal extubation. Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care. 1. 50. 10.4103/2348-0548.124850 2018; 5(30), 2209-2213. DOI: 10.18410/jebmh/2018/457
[4]. Antony D, Davies C.V , Thomas M.K, Shenoy U , Mahesh V , Puthumana K.J The effect of two different doses of dexmedetomidine to attenuate cardiovascular and airway responses to tracheal extubation: a double blind randomized controlled trial, IJMRR August, 2016/ Vol 4/Issue 8.

Abstract: Background: Historically, the treatment outcome of the distal humeral fractures remained problematic because of lack of understanding of bony anatomy, lack of precontoured locking plates, and higher rates of infection. Till today, the treatment of the distal humerus fractures has remained a challenging problem in spite of advanced techniques and implant designs because of complex regional anatomy with limited options for internal fixation, articular comminution, and quality of architecture of inherent bones Aim and Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy, technical requirements, functional outcome, radiological and clinical union, and complications of distal humerus fracture treated with bicolumnar plating Material..........

Keywords: distal humerus fracture, bicolumnar plating, intercondylar fracture

[1]. Kumar A. STUDY OF FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF INTERCONDYLAR FRACTURE OF DISTAL HUMERUS IN ADULTS TREATED WITH DISTAL HUMERUS LOCKING STUDY OF FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF INTERCONDYLAR FRACTURE OF DISTAL HUMERUS IN ADULTS TREATED WITH DISTAL HUMERUS LOCKING 2020;(7):1-7
[2]. Verma GC, Jilowa S, Singh J, Rathi D. Evaluation of functional outcomes of intra-articular fractures of distal humerus by open reduction and internal fixation. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 2018;12(5):RC01–5.
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[4]. Clavert P, Ducrot G, Sirveaux F, Fabre T, Mansat P. Outcomes of distal humerus fractures in patients above 65 years of age treated by plate fixation. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2013;99(7):771–7.
[5]. Gowtam S, Gunaki R. Functional outcome of type 13 C2 distal humerus fractures treated with precontoured locking plates. Formos J Surg. 2021;54(3):85–90..

Abstract: A 54-year-old male patient was referred to the ophthalmological department for the evaluation of multiple cutaneous lesions below the medial extension of both eyebrows, especially the left eye. The ophthalmological examination included a measure of visual acuity using Snellen's distance vision chart. We did a complete and bilateral biomicroscopic examination of the anterior and the posterior segments. He never manipulated the lesions digitally and no obvious discharge was noticed from the lesions. He desired to have the lesions removed for esthetic reasons. On slit lamp examination, there were many inner parts of the two upper and lower eyelids. The pores were......

[1]. Nikolowski W. Trichoadenoma (organoid follicular hamartoma). Arch Klin Exp Dermatol 1958; 207:34–45.
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[3]. Lever JF, Servat JJ, Nesi-Eloff F, et al. Trichoadenoma of an eyelid in an adult mimicking sebaceous cell carcinoma. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2012;28: e101–2. 4. Bombeccari GP, Guzzi G, Mariani U, et al. Trichoadenoma of the upper lip. Stomatologija 2015; 17:102–4.
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Abstract: Comparison of various surgical approaches to hysterectomy in benign gynaecological conditions at a peripheral zonal hospital. Introduction Hysterectomy is a common gynaecological surgery performed for numerous indications. Selection of an approach is dependent on set up and availability of recourses as well as patient characteristics. Material and methods We evaluated all cases of hysterectomy over last two year. The patient characteristics and the outcome were assessed.......

Keywords: Hysterectomy, Morcellation, Nondescent vaginal Hysterectomy.

[1]. Chander Shekhar , Balram Paswan , Abhishek Singh .Prevalence, sociodemographic determinants and self-reported reasons for hysterectomy in India Reprod Health. 2019 Aug 2;16(1):118.
[2]. Ranjan Kumar Prusty , Chetan Choithani , Shiv Dutt Gupta.Predictors of hysterectomy among married women 15-49 years in India Reprod Health. 2018 Jan 5;15(1):3.
[3]. ACOG Committee Opinion No 701: Choosing the Route of Hysterectomy for Benign Disease Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Jun;129(6):e155-e159.
[4]. S Desai , A Shukla , D Nambiar , R Ved .Patterns of hysterectomy in India: a national and state-level analysis of the Fourth National Family Health Survey (2015-2016) BJOG. 2019 Aug;126 Suppl 4(Suppl Suppl 4):72-80.
[5]. Kai B Dallas , Lisa Rogo-Gupta, Christopher S Elliott.Urologic Injury and Fistula After Hysterectomy for Benign Indications Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Aug;134(2):241-249..