iosr-JDMS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2022

Abstract: Native aortic valve regurgitation (NAVR) is an off-label indication for aortic valve graft implantation using current generation TAVI devices. The standard of care remains aortic valve replacement surgery (AVR). Conclusively TAVR procedure is vital in treating the patient with aortic stenosis since it is minimally invasive and has developed into a successful treatment procedure. The process of improvement of the procedure has led to the breakthrough of the technique from clinical trials into day-to-day practice. CT and X-ray also play a vital role in TAVR procedure as it helps visualize and locate stenosis in the aortic valve before the actual procedure begins..

Keywords: Native aortic valve regurgitation, aortic valve graft, infective endocarditis , transcatheter aortic valve implantation

[1]. Baddour, L. M., Wilson, W. R., Bayer, A. S., Fowler, V. G., Tleyjeh, I. M., Rybak, M. J., ... & Bolger, A. F. (2015). Infective endocarditis in adults: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications. Circulation, 132(15), 1435-1486.
[2]. Badhwar, V., Wei, L. M., Cook, C. C., Hayanga, J. A., Daggubati, R., Sengupta, P. P., & Rankin, J. S. (2021). Robotic aortic valve replacement. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 161(5), 1753-1759.
[3]. Balkhy, H. H., Lewis, C. T., & Kitahara, H. (2018). Robot‐assisted aortic valve surgery: State of the art and challenges for the future. The International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery, 14(4), e1913.
[4]. Butala, N. M., Makkar, R., Secemsky, E. A., Gallup, D., Marquis-Gravel, G., Kosinski, A. S., ... & Cohen, D. J. (2021). Cerebral Embolic Protection and Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Results from the TVT Registry. Circulation. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.052874
[5]. Cribier, A. (2016). The development of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Global cardiology science & practice, 2016(4). https://dx.doi.org/10.21542%2Fgcsp.2016.32

Abstract: Opportunistic fungal infections, mainly Candidiasis, is common in immunocompromised patients such as those undergoing chemotherapy or Radiotherapy or both Radiochemotherapy (RCT). Opportunistic fungal infections occur in a host whose immunological defense mechanism is weakened by endogenous causes like cancer, diabetes, or exogenous causes like immune-suppressive drug therapy by nonpathogenic fungi. Patients receiving therapy for head and neck cancer are particularly susceptible to oropharyngeal candidiasis Previously, Candida albicans was most common species......

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Abstract: BACKGROUND : Basilar impression is a rare clinical condition characterized by upward protrusion of the odontoid process into the intracranial space, leading to bulbomedullary compression. decompression is indicated with or without posterior fixation. Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) is characterized by specific congenital anomalies of segmentation of the cervical spine. On the other hand, dermoid cyst is a rare entity accounting for 0.04–0.7% (1-2-3) of all intracranial tumours and the most common location is in the posterior fossa,.....

KEY WORDS: a case report, dermoïde cyst, posterior fossa, dermal sinus. Klippel–Feil syndrome, basilar impre

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Abstract: Background: Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease that affects the older population and is one of the primary causes of disability. The prevalence of knee OA is growing as the general population's average age rises. Age, weight, and joint damage from repetitive activities, particularly squatting and kneeling, are all prominent risk factors for knee OA. Knee OA is caused by a number of causes, including cytokines, leptin, and mechanical stresses. The attribution of pain to knee OA should be approached with care in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Because a fraction of knee OA patients are asymptomatic, and because radiographic evaluation has a low sensitivity, identifying knee OA in a number of patients is not possible. Data on prevalence, causes, and risk factors are included.....

Keywords: Knee Osteoarthritis, Treatment pattern, Epidemiology, Prevalence

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Abstract: Background _ Globally, the number of people with diabetes is expected to rise from the current estimate of 285 million in 2010 to 438 million in 2030, both figures substantially higher than even recent estimates. T2DM has become one of the world's most important public health problems. a. The most common diabetic dyslipidemia is moderate hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL. An important mechanism for the development of diabetic atherosclerosis is dyslipidemia. Majority of diabetic patients suffer from intense atherosclerosis. Out of all the sonographic parameters, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) has been established as the most effective prognosticator.....

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Abstract: Résumé: Les lipomes de la glande parotide représentent moins de 1.5 % des lipomes des tissus mous. Le diagnostic clinique est difficile, mais généralement sont asymptomatiques. La TDM et l'IRM sont les modalités de choix pour différencier les entités pathologiques de la glande parotide. Le traitement de ces lipomes reste chirurgical, ce qui n'est pas toutefois consensuel......

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[2]. Dispenza F, De Stefano A, Romano G, Mazzoni A (2008) Posttraumatic lipoma of the parotid gland: case report. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 28:87–88.
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[4]. Furlong MA, Fanburg-Smith JC, Childers ELB (2004) Lipoma of the oral and maxillofacial region: site and subclassification of 125 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 98(4):441–450
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Abstract: Background: Malnutrition is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are prone to malnutrition for several reasons including decreased energy intake, increased energy requirements, or both. Assessment of nutritional status among children with congenital heart disease (CHD) is a very important issue often neglected in paediatrics practice Materials and Methods: Hospital based observational prospective study conducted in the year 2019-2020. Neonates with CHDs were followed.....

Key Word::congenital heart disease; severely acute malnutrition (SAM); moderately acute malnutrition (MAM)

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Abstract: INTRODUCTION Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is preferred surgical operation for the symptomatic gallstone disease. Conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open surgery is done to prevent intra-abdominal organ injury, to repair intra-abdominal organ injury and for open common bile duct exploration.....

[1]. Csikesz N, Ricciardi R, Tseng JF, Shah SA. Current status of surgical management of acute cholecystitis in the United States. World J Surg. [Comparative Study Multicenter Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]. 2008 Oct;32(10):2230–6.
[2]. Yang TF, Guo L, Wang Q. Evaluation of preoperative risk factor for converting laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy: a meta-analysis. Hepato-gastroenterology. [Meta-Analysis Review]. 2014 Jun;61(132):958–65.
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[5]. Lee NW, Collins J, Britt R, Britt LD. Evaluation of preoperative risk factors for convert‐ ing laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy. Am Surg. 2012 Aug;78(8):831–3.

Abstract: Background: PPH is major obstetrical emergency and one of the important but preventable causes of maternal mortality and morbidity. It is often sudden frequently unpredictable and catastrophic. In this study SR vacuum cannula will be applied to create negative pressure inside the uterine cavity with specially designed uterine cannula which is a simple, safe and cost-effective technique. The aims and objective of the study is to study the role of SR cannula in the prevention of PPH, Application of SR cannula in a woman with risk factors for Atonic PPH immediately after delivery and measuring the blood loss at the end of the use of SR cannula......

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[3]. AbouZahr C. Global burden of maternal death and disability. Br Med Bull. 2003;67(December):1–11.
[4]. Gulmezoglu AM, Souza JP, Mathai M. WHO Recommendations for the Prevention and Treatment of Postpartum Haemorrhage. World Health Organization. 2012. 1-48 p.
[5]. Samartha Ram H, Shankar Ram HS et al. 'Vacuum retraction of the uterus for the management of atonic postpartum hemorrhage' IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 13, Issue 11, Ver. II (Nov. 2014), PP 00-00.

Abstract: Transitional care is the uninterrupted medical attention a patient receives promptly after getting shifted from one health care location to another. It most commonly refers to the transition from hospital to home. Transitional care is especially important in the geriatric population with various persistent health issues. Majority of the elderly people are under the care of different doctors including specialists and subspecialists and it can be overwhelming for the patients and caregivers to tackle the change of patients from hospital to home after discharge. Transitional care bridges the gap between post-hospital-discharge and first visit to the primary care physician. This review focuses on the importance of transitional care and the effect of it in reducing readmissions.

Keywords: Transitional care, post-hospital care, continuity of care, patient transfer.

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Abstract: Background : Hypocalcemia is a commonly observed abnormality in neonates with birth asphyxia. In healthy term infants, serum calcium reaches a physiological nadir of 7.5-8.5 mg/dL by 24-48 hours of age. It is during this phase of nadir that serum calcium may drop to hypocalcemic levels in high-risk neonates, like infants of diabetic mothers, neonates with birth asphyxia and preterm infants. In neonates with birth asphyxia, factors like delayed introduction of feeds, increased calcitonin production, increased endogenous phosphate load, renal insufficiencyand diminished parathyroid hormone secretion may contribute to hypocalcemia. Routine screening for hypocalcemia is recommended at 24 and 48 hours of age in high-risk neonates......

Keywords: Birth asphyxia, hypocalcaemia, term neonate.

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Abstract: Mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection but potentially often fatal due to its vascular invasion property by the fungal hyphae and which leads to thrombosis and necrosis of the affected area mainly the sinuses1.In india mucormycosis co-infection in COVID-19 patients at its peak in 2nd wave of COVID-19.1The mucormycosis association with COVID- 19 was due to several risk factors associated with it . Rhinocerebral mucormycosis are reported more commonly in people with uncontrolled diabetes and in people who had a history of kidney transplant.Mucormycosis are also the risk for immunocompromised host, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus especially diabetic ketoacidosis, treatment with glucocorticoids.....

[1]. Kinal Bhatt1,, Arjola Agolli1 High mortality co-infections of COVID-19 patients: mucormycosis and other fungal infections DOI: 10.15190/d.2021.5
[2]. Gupta A, Sharma A, Chakrabarti A. The emergence of post‑COVID-19 mucormycosis in India: Can we prevent it? Indian J Ophthalmol 2021;69:1645-7.
[3]. Kamleshun Ramphul1, Renuka Verma2 Rising concerns of Mucormycosis (Zygomycosis) among COVID-19 patients; an analysis and review based on case reports in literature. DOI: 10.23750/abm.v92i4.11787
[4]. Anna Skiada 1 , Ioannis Pavleas 2 and Maria Drogari-Apiranthitou 3 Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Mucormycosis:
[5]. An Update..