iosr-JDMS   Volume-23 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2024

Abstract: Background: Behaviour management is an integral part of Pediatric Dentistry. Fearful patients can prove to be a hassle to treat. Conscious Sedation (CS) is an emerging tool that makes it easy to treat such patients. Nitrous oxide sedation is pivotal in reducing stress and anxiety in children and thus promises better clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: A close-ended questionnaire was designed to assess knowledge and awareness of Conscious Sedation among general dental practitioners of Ahmedabad city. Questionnaires were provided to the participants via e-mail and physical printed versions to those participants who resided in the city. Results: The age range of participants.......

Keywords: Conscious Sedation, Anxiety, Dental Treatment, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar

[1] Al-Shayyab Mh, Ryalat S, Dar-Odeh N, Alsoleihat F. Current Sedation Practice Among General Dental Practitioners And Dental Specialists In Jordan: An Example Of A Developing Country. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2013;9:223–33.
[2] Karthiga Dg, Dhanraj M, Anandhi T. Knowledge, Attitude, Practice About Conscious Sedation In Adults Among Dental Practitioners-A Questionnaire-Based Study. Int J Curr Adv Res. 2017;6:3297–9.
[3] Vanderbilt Aa, Husson Mm. Current Sedation, And Anaesthesia Practices Among Dentists: A Statewide Survey. Oral Health Dent Manag. 2013;12:230–6.
[4] Wilson Ph, Boyle Ca, Smith Bj. Conscious Sedation Training Received By Specialist Registrars In Restorative Dentistry In The Uk: A Survey. Br Dent J. 2006;201:373–7.
[5] Hemashree J, Anandhi D. Knowledge, Awareness And Attitude About Conscious Sedation Among Dental Students-A Survey. Int J Curr Adv Res. 2017;6:4764–7.

Abstract: Acute cholecystitis accounts for 14–30% of cholecystectomies [1] and is defined as an inflammation of the gallbladder, usually caused by cystic duct obstruction [2]. The most common causes of cystic duct obstruction are gallstones and cholestasis. Other causes include masses (primary tumors or gallbladder polyps), parasites, or foreign bodies. Acute calculous cholecystitis is a common disease that requires surgical treatment Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has during the last two decades become the therapeutic strategy for acute cholecystitis (AC)(3). Standard......

[1] Ransohoff D. F., Gracie W. A., Wolfenson L. B., Neuhauser D. Prophylactic Cholecystectomy Or Expectant Management For Silent Gallstones. A Decision Analysis To Assess Survival. Annals Of Internal Medicine . 1983;99(2):199–204. Doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-99-2-199. [Pubmed] [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
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[3] Csikesz N. G., Tseng J. F., Shah S. A. Trends In Surgical Management For Acute Cholecystitis. Surgery. 2008;144(2):283–289. Doi: 10.1016/J.Surg.2008.03.033.
[4] Margiotta S. J., Jr., Horwitz J. R., Willis I. H., Wallack M. K. Cholecystectomy In The Elderly. The American Journal Of Surgery. 1988;156(6):509–512. Doi: 10.1016/S0002-9610(88)80541-5.
[5] Chan S. M., Teoh A. Y. B., Yip H. C., Wong V. W. Y., Chiu P. W. Y., Ng E. K. W. Feasibility Of Per-Oral Cholecystoscopy And Advanced Gallbladder Interventions After Eus-Guided Gallbladder Stenting (With Video) Gastrointestinal Endoscopy . 2017;85(6):1225–1232. Doi: 10.1016/J.Gie.2016.10.014. [Pubmed] [Crossref] [Google Scholar].

Abstract: The advancement of science and technology has brought a new era of digitalization in the field of dentistry. Advancement of imaging technology has dramatically improved both diagnosis as well as treatment planning. For example, 3D skeletal dental analysis provided by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) plays an important role in panning dental as well as skeletal surgeries by providing guidance for accurate, safe, and innovative treatment guidelines, medical spiral CT provides accurate information and further permits soft tissue and airway evaluation. The AI approach to 2D or 3D imaging technology is fundamentally changing the protocol of diagnosis and treatment planning in....

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Machine learning, deep learning, human intelligence

[1] Rajaraman V. John Mccarthy Father Of Artificial Intelligence. Reson. 2014:198e207.
[2] National Research Council. Funding A Revolution: Government Support For Computing Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1999:302.
[3] Zivko-Babić J, Lisjak D, Curković L, Jakovac M: Estimation Of Chemical Resistance Of Dental Ceramics By Neural Network. Dent Mater. 2008, 24:18-27. 10.1016/J.Dental.2007.01.008
[4] Vera V, Corchado E, Redondo R, Sedano J, Garcia AE: Applying Soft Computing Techniques To Optimise A Dental Milling Process. Neurocomputing. 2013, 109:94-104. 10.1016/J.Neucom.2012.04.033
[5] Lerner H, Mouhyi J, Admakin O, Mangano F: Artificial Intelligence In Fixed Implant Prosthodontics: A Retrospective Study Of 106 Implant-Supported Monolithic Zirconia Crowns Inserted In The Posterior Jaws Of 90 Patients. BMC Oral Health. 2020, 20:80. 10.1186/S12903-020-1062-4.

Abstract: Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone was described by Cooper and Travers (1 ) in 1818. Giant Cell Tumors (GCT) comprise 5% of all primary bone tumors and 20% of benign skeletal tumors. The prevalence of GCT typically peaks during the third decade of life. Most lesions develop in long bones (75%–90%), with the majority of cases (50%–65%) occurring about the knee. The three most frequent locations for GCT are the distal femur, proximal tibia, and distal radius, in that order. Typically benign, the tumor is histologically characterized by multinucleated giant cells accompanied by a background of mononuclear stromal cells......

[1] Cooper As, Travers B. Surgical Essays. London, England: Cox Longman & Co, 1818; 178–179.
[2] Balke M, Schremper L, Gebert C, Et Al.. Giant Cell Tumor Of Bone: Treatment And Outcome Of 214 Cases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2008;134(9):969–978.
[3] Murphey Md, Nomikos Gc, Flemming Dj, Gannon Fh, Temple Ht, Kransdorf Mj. Imaging Of Giant Cell Tumor And Giant Cell Reparative Granuloma Of Bone: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation. Radiographics 2001;21(5):1283–1309.
[4] Steensma Mr, Tyler Wk, Shaber Ag, Goldring Sr, Ross Fp, Williams Bo, Healey Jh, Purdue Pe. Targeting The Giant Cell Tumor Stromal Cell: Functional Characterization And A Novel Therapeutic Strategy. Plos One. 2013;8(7):E69101

Abstract: Stone disease is one of the most common affections of modern society and it has been described since antiquity. Urolithiasis is a chronic disease, a substantial economic consequence and great public health importance1, 2. 20% of all urinary tract stones are found in the ureter and of all ureteric stones, 70% are found in the lower third of the ureter. For lower ureteric stones there are many modalities like watchful waiting 3,4, MET ( medical expulsion therapy), ESWL and Ureteroscopic removal depending on many factors like size of stones, presence and grade of hydronephrosis, sepsis, duration of the stone present. Stone expulsion and the time of the expulsion of ureteric stones depend on stone size........

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Abstract: Complications stemming from preterm birth persist as significant hurdles to neonatal health, especially in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) where access to advanced medical care is limited. Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) has emerged as a cost-effective intervention, advocating skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding, and thermal regulation, thus enhancing outcomes for preterm infants. However, in LMICs, where environmental conditions can be harsh and resources scarce, additional thermal support is often required. This study explores the fusion of KMC with....

[1] Thermal Protection Of The New-Born: A Practical Guide. World Health Organisation. 1997
Https://Www.Who.Int/Publications/I/Item/Who_Rht_Msm_97.2
[2] Who. Mother-Baby Package (Who/Rht/Msm/97.2, Rev 1) Geneva: World Health Organization; 1997.Https://Www.Who.Int/Publications/I/Item/Who-Fhe-Msm-94.11-Rev.1
[3] New-Born Guideline 2: Neonatal Thermoregulation. British Columbia Reproductive Care Program. July 2003. Https://Www.Eoeneonatalpccsicnetwork.Nhs.Uk/Wp-Content/Uploads/2021/10/Thermoregulation-Guideline-2020-Final.Pdf
[4] Neonatal Hypothermia And Associated Factors Among New-Borns Admitted In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Of Dessie Referral Hospital, Amhara Region, Northeast Ethiopia
Https://Pubmed.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/33014077/
[5] Who. New-Borns: Reducing Mortality. 2019, Https://Www.Who.Int/News-Room/Fact-Sheets/Detail/Newborns-Reducing-.

Abstract: Background: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) comprises nearly one third or more of myocardial infarction in hospital presentations. In-hospital mortality of STEMI ranges approximately 5% to 6%. So, risk stratification is crucial for appropriate therapeutic decision making. Recently, hypocalcemia has been reported to be an independent predictor of in-hospital adverse outcome in patients with STEMI. Objectives: To assess whether inclusion of admission serum calcium value in the GRACE risk score model improves prediction of in-hospital adverse outcome in STEMI patients. Methods: This prospective observational....

[1] Mendis, S., Puska, P. And Norrving, B. (Eds.) 2011. Global Atlas On Cardiovascular Disease Prevention And Control. Geneva: World Health Organization.
[2] Murray, C.J.L. And Lopez, A.D., 1997. Mortality By Cause For Eight Regions Of The World: Global Burden Of Disease Study. Lancet, 349(9061), Pp.1269–76.
[3] Palaniappan, L.P., Araneta, M.R.G., Assimes, T.L., Barrett-Connor, E.L., Carnethon, M.R., Criqui, M.H., Fung, G.L., Narayan, K.M.V., Patel, H., Taylor-Piliae, R.E., Wilson, P.W.F. And Wong, N.D., 2010. Call To Action : Cardiovascular Disease In AsianAmericans A Science Advisory From The American Heart Association. Circulation, 122(12), Pp.1242
–1252.
[4] Islam, A.K.M.M. And Majumder, A.A.S., 2013. Coronary Artery Disease In Bangladesh : A Review. Indian Heart Journal, 65(4), Pp.424–435.
[5] Sayeed, M.A., Mahtab, H., Sayeed, S., Begum, T., Khanam P.A., Banu, A., 2010. Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Coronary Heart Disease In A Rural Population Of Bangladesh. Ibrahim Medical College Journal, 4(2), Pp.37-43..

Abstract: Introduction: Non-cicatricial alopecia (NCA) poses significant dermatological and psychosocial challenges, especially in women. This study aims to delineate the pattern, profile, and associated characteristics of NCA among a female population. Methods: This descriptive, observational study was conducted involving 355 female patients with NCA at a tertiary care hospital. Data on demographic details, clinical patterns, hair care practices, and associated diseases were collected and analyzed. Result: The study population predominantly....

Keywords: Non-cicatricial alopecia, female pattern hair loss, alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, systemic lupus erythematosus

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Abstract: Background: Hypothyroidism has been linked to pregnancy complications, yet uncertainties remain concerning the severity as well as the influence of autoimmunity of the thyroid. Left untreated, hypothyroidism poses a greater risk of adverse obstetric as well as neonatal outcomes. This observational study aimed to assess the short-term pregnancy outcomes in women under treatment of hypothyroidism. Methods: This prospective....

Keywords: Pregnancy outcomes, Hypothyroidism, Gestational age, Urinary tract infection UTI, Intra-uterine growth restricted

[1] Jølving Lr, Nielsen J, Kesmodel Us, Nielsen Rg, Beck‐Nielsen Ss, Nørgård Bm. Prevalence Of Maternal Chronic Diseases During Pregnancy-A Nationwide Population-Based Study From 1989 To 2013. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2016; 95:1295‐1304.
[2] Morreale De Escobar G, Obregon M, Escobar Del Rey F. Role Of Thyroid Hormone During Early Brain Development. Eur J Endocrinol. 2004; 151: U25‐U37.
[3] Andersen Sl, Olsen J, Laurberg P. Foetal Programming By Maternal Thyroid Disease. Clin Endocrinol. 2015; 83:751‐758.
[4] F. Sepasi, T. Rashidian, M. Shokri, G. Badfar, F. Kazemi, And M. Azami, "*Thyroid Dysfunction In Iranian Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis," Bmc Pregnancy And Childbirth, Vol. 20, No. 1, Pp. 405–415, 2020.
[5] F. Azizi, L. Mehran, A. Amouzegar, Et Al., "Establishment Of The Trimester-Specific Reference Range For Free Thyroxine Index," (Thyroid, Vol. 23, No. 3, Pp. 354–359, 2013-.

Abstract: Introduction: Childhood obesity is a multifactorial problem, with causes that include inadequate eating habits, lack of physical activity, genetic predisposition and environmental influences. Objective: Understand and analyze the factors that contribute to increased cardiovascular risks in children suffering from obesity. Methods: This study constitutes a systematic review, classified as exploratory and descriptive. The preparation of the research was a....

Keywords: Childhood obesity; Cardiovascular Risk Factors; Children

[1]. Candelino, M.; Tagi, Vm; Chiarelli, F. Cardiovascular Risk In Children: A Burden For Future Generations. Italian Journal Of Pediatrics , Vol. 48, No. 1, P. 57, 11 Dec. 2022.
[2]. Rodrigues, J. De S.; Andrade, Lg De. The Dangers Of Hypertension In Youth. Ibero-American Journal Of Humanities, Sciences And Education , V. 9, No. 10, P. 2228–2242, 10 Nov. 2023.
[3]. Silva, Mmm Da. Effects Of Family Influence On The Prevalence Of Risk Factors For Cardiovascular Diseases In Children Aged 10 To 14 Years Old Pinheirouniversidade Federal Do Maranhão, , 2023. Available At: <Http://Hdl.Handle.Net/123456789/6740>
[4]. Apperley, L.J.; Blackburn, J.; Erlandson - Parry, K.; Gait, L.; Laing, P.; Senniappan, S. Childhood Obesity: A Review Of Current And Future Management Options. Clinical Endocrinology , Vol. 96, No. 3, P. 288–301, 8 Mar. 2022.
[5]. Caprio, S.; Santoro, N.; Weiss, R. Childhood Obesity And The Associated Rise In Cardiometabolic Complications. Nature Metabolism , Vol. 2, No. 3, P. 223–232, 16 Mar. 2020

Abstract: Sebaceous horns, also known as cutaneous horns are uncommon clinical findings characterized by keratinous protrusions from the skin surface. This case report gives a detailed enlightenment into the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of a patient with sebaceous horn. A 35-year-old male patient presented with a horn-like growth on the dorsal aspect of the left hand, of approximately 1cm in length. The patient's medical history and histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of a sebaceous horn. Surgical excision was performed, and the patient had an uneventful recovery....

[1] Korkut T, Tan Nb, Oztan Y: Giant Cutaneous Horn: A Patient Report. Ann Plast Surg 1997, 39:654-655.
[2] Souza Ln, Martins Cr, De Paula Am: Cutaneous Horn Occurring On The Lip Of A Child. Int J Paediatr Dent 2003, 13:365-367.
[3] Yu Rc, Pryce Dw, Macfarlane Aw, Stewart Tw: A Histopathological Study Of 643 Cutaneous Horns. Br J Dermatol 1991, 124:449-452.
[4] Akan M, Yildirim S, Avci G, Akoz T: Xeroderma Pigmentosum With A Giant Cutaneous Horn. Ann Plast Surg 2001, 46:665-666
[5] Schosser Rh, Hodge Sj, Gaba Cr, Owen Lg: Cutaneous Horns: A Histopathologic Study. South Med J 1979, 72:1129-1131

Abstract: Background: cardiovascular disease is emerging as the most common cause of death in patients with end stage renal disease. The age adjusted cardiovascular complications and mortality is about 30 times higher in end stage renal disease than in general population. Angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, dysrhythmia, cardiac failure, stroke and peripheral vascular disease are common in end stage renal disease. Cardiomyopathy, whether clinically silent or not....

[1] Bright R. Cases And Observations, Illustrative Of Renal Disease, Accompanied With The Secretion Of Albuminous Urine. Guy's Hosp Trans. 1836:338–379.
[2] Cardiovascular Disease In Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiological Insights And Therapeutic Options Joachim Jankowski Et Al, Aha -Circulation. 2021;143:1157–1172
[3] Iosr Journal Of Dental And Medical Sciences (Iosr-Jdms) E-Issn: 2279-0853, P-Issn: 2279-0861.Volume 21, Issue 1 Ser.5 (January. 2022), Pp 51-84
[4] Level Of Kidney Function As A Risk Factor For Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Outcomes In The Community. Manjunath G, Tighiouart H, Ibrahim H, Et Al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:47–55.
[5] Levin A, Thompson Cr, Ethier J Et Al. Left Ventricular Mass Index Increase In Early Renal Disease: Impact Of Decline In Hemoglobin. Am J Kidney Dis 1999;34(1):125-34.

Abstract: Introduction: Of recent eras, there has been a dramatic increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus among children and adolescents. Female gender, childhood hypertension, overweight and obesity have been reported as the main risk factors for pre-diabetes and diabetes among children and adolescents. Screening children and adolescents for type 2 diabetes mellitus helps earlier detection and interventions for the disease. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the profile of fasting blood glucose among secondary school students in Dar es Salaam....

Keywords: fasting blood glucose; pre-diabetes, diabetes, secondary schools; students

[1] Oluwayemi, O., Brink, S. J., Oyenusi, E. E., Oduwole, O. A., Oluwayemi M. A. "Fasting Blood Glucose Profile Among Secondary School Adolescents In Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria", Journal Of Nutrition And Metabolism, Volume 2015, Article Id 417859, 4 Pages. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1155/2015/417859
[2] Warles, C.L., Yassin, M. "Early Clinical Markers Of Metabolic Syndrome Among Secondary School Adolescents In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania", Tanzania Journal Of Health Research, Volume 22, Number 1, October 2021.
Https://Dx.Doi.Org/10.4314/Thrb.V22i1.3
[3] American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. "Improving Care And Promoting Health In Populations: Standards Of Medical Care In Diabetes—2022", Diabetes Care 2022; 45:S8–S16. Https://Doi.Org/10.2337/Dc22-S001
[4] Seung, E. Y., Ji, H. L., Jung, W. L., Hye, S. P.,Hye, A. L., Hae, S. K. "Increasing Prevalence Of Fasting Hyperglycemia In Adolescents Aged 10–18 Years And Its Relationship With Metabolic Indicators: The Korea National Health And Nutrition Examination Study (Knhanes), 2007– 2018", Annals Of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism 2022;27(1): 60-68. Https://Doi.Org/10.6065/Apem.2142068.034..

Abstract: Idiopathic Gingival Fibromatosis is a progressive fibrous lesion of the gingival tissue that causes aesthetic and functional trouble. Etiologyof Gingival Fibromatosis is diverse including genetic, inflammatory, drug induced etc. This case report discourse the identification followed by management of a case of idiopathic gingival fibromatosis in a 5 -year old female. Generalized diffuse gingival enlargement of both maxillary and mandibular arches covering all surfaces of teeth was seen, sparing incisal and occlusal third of few teeth resulting in compromised mastication and speech since last three years. On the basis of clinical examination, history given and tissue biopsy, idiopathic gingival hyperplasia was considered to be the final diagnosis. Keeping patient's age in mind, gingivectomy was performed in all quadrant under general anesthesia. Patient was asked to be on regular follow-up to check if any recurrence.....

Key Word: Gingival Enlargement, Gingival Fibromatosis, Gingivectomy

[1] Neville D, Allen B. Periodontal Disease. In: Oral And Maxillofacial Pathology: Elsevier Saunders, 2004:148–50.
[2] Krishna Kb, Raju Pk, Chitturi Rr, Et Al. Prevalence Of Gingival Enlargement In Karnataka School Going Children. J Int Oral Health 2014; 6:106–10.
[3] Anderson J, Cunliffe Wj, Roberts Df, Close H. Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis. Br Med J 1969 Jul;3(5664):218-219.
[4] Hart Tc, Pallos D, Bozzo L, Almeida Op, Marazita Ml, O'connell Jr, Cortelli Jr. Evidence Of Genetic Heterogeneity For Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis. J Dent Res 2000 Oct; 79(10):1758-1764.
[5] Gagliano N, Moscheni C, Dellavia C Et Al. Morphological And Molecular Analysis Of Idiopathic Gingival Fibromatosis: A Case Report. Journal Of Clinical Periodontology. 2005; 32:1116–21-.

Abstract: Background: Addiction-related comorbidities affect half of all patients suffering from schizophrenia. They impact on the prognosis and course of the disease, and are a source of difficulties in management. They are the most severe cause of disability in this fragile, often young, category of the world's population, with a socio-economic impact that represents a growing challenge for all healthcare systems. Most research findings agree that the use of psychoactive substances is more frequent among patients in precarious situations, and constitutes a suicide risk factor. Many factors....

Key Word: Schizophrenia, Comorbidity, Addictions

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