iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-10 ~ October-2016

Abstract: Community acquired pneumonia(CAP) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide and development of antibiotic resistance becomes a great concern for all. Objective : To find out the microbiological profile among children with CAP and their antibiotic resistance patterns. Methodology: It was a hospital based retrospective study of 404 children, aged 2 months to 60 months, admitted into the department of pediatrics of a tertiary care teaching hospital, as severe pneumonia (as defined by WHO case definition) from November 2013 to October 2015. Bacterial pathogens and their resistance patterns were studied from the throat swab culture and sensitivity reports...........

Keywords: Community acquired pneumonia, children, microbiological profile, resistance pattern

[1]. Igor R, Lana T, Cynthia B, Harry C. Global estimate of the incidence of clinical pneumonia among children under five years of age. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, December 2004, 82 (12).
[2]. www.iapindia.org/.../Iap_Recommendations_On_Pneumonia.D..
[3]. Mandell LA. Update on Community-acquired pneumonia. New pathogens and new concepts in treatment. Postgrad Med 2005; 118:35-6
[4]. Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/ American Thoracic Society Consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. CID. 2007; 44:S27-72.
[5]. Thomas J, Sandora & Theodore C. Sectish. Community acquired Pneumonia. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 19th edition. Chapter 392:1475

Abstract: Xanthomas are extremely rare benign lesions occurring in the bone. They are even rarer in the jaw bonescommonly affecting the mandible more. Primary xanthomas are ones which occur without any systemic manifestations. The radiographic findings are variable hence diagnosis is usually made with biopsy. Histo-pathologically, they are characterised by abundant histiocytes, foamy macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. Here we report a case of primary xanthoma of the mandible without any systemic diseases.

Keywords: Xanthoma, Histiocytes, foamy macrophages, Multi-nucleated giant cells

[1]. Yaligod V, Mahesh S, Rudrappa GH, Choudhary L. Xanthoma of Ulna. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 2013: 6691-95.
[2]. Turk C, Bilginer B, Benli K, Yavuz K, Saglam A, Zial IM. Bilateral temporal bone xanthoma in Type II hypercholesterolemia. Turkish Neurosurgery 2010;20: 533-535.
[3]. HasnaeGuerrouj, Ayat Mouaden and NouzhaBenRais. Xanthoma of bone. A case report. Case Reports in Endocrinology. Volume 2012, Article ID 986952, 3 pages.
[4]. Marque´s Mateo M, Puche Torres M, Miragall Alba L, Iglesias Gimilio ME, Pascual Gil JV. Primary mandibular bone xanthoma. A case report. Int J Oral MaxillofacSurg 2004; 33: 806–807.
[5]. Matoba M, Tonami H, Kuginuki M, Yamamoto I, Akai T, Iizuka H. CT and MRI findings of xanthoma in the orbitofrontal region. Radiat Med 2004; 22: 116–119.

Abstract: Anaemia is a worldwide problem especially in rural women of reproductive age. The most common form of anaemia is iron deficiency anaemia. More frequently it coexists with a number of other causes, such as malaria, parasitic infection, nutritional deficiencies, and haemoglobinopathies. These infection condition primarily prevails in conditions where hygiene conditions is very poor, such as conditions like open defecations walking barefoot ,no proper knowledge about hand washing before taking food, which aggravated worms infections leading to iron deficiency anaemia................

Keywords: anaemic women, hand washing, personal hygiene, latrine use, shoe/slipper use.

[1]. World Health Organization, World-Wide Prevalence of Anaemia, 1993 to 2005, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland,
2008.
[2]. Choudhury P, Vir S. Prevention and strategies for control of iron deficiency anaemia. In: Sachdev HP, Choudhury P,
editors. Nutrition in children: Developing Country Concerns. 1st ed. New Delhi: Cambridge Press; 1994. pp. 492–524.
[3]. F. S. Asobayire, P. Adou, L. Davidsson, J. D. Cook, and R. F. Hurrell, "Prevalence of iron deficiency with and without concurrent
anemia in population groups with high prevalences of malaria and other infections: a study in Cˆote d'Ivoire," The American
Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 74, no. 6, pp. 776– 782, 2001.
[4]. R. J. Stoltzfus, "Defining iron-deficiency anemia in public health terms: a time for reflection," Journal of Nutrition, vol. 131, no. 2,
pp. 565s–567s, 2001
[5]. World Health Organization, Global Health Risks: Mortality and Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risks, World
Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2009

Abstract: Adolescence in girls has been recognized as a special period in their life cycle that requires specific and special attention. This period is marked with onset of menarche. Menstruation is a phenomenon unique to all females. This study was undertaken with the aims to assess the knowledge of adolescent's girls living in urban slums regarding menstruation and also to study their problem and perception and hygiene practice regarding menstruation.............

Keywords: Adolescent girls, menstrual hygiene, menstrual practices, menstrual problems

[1]. UNICEF. The state of world's children: adolescence, an age of opportunity. In: NICEF, eds. UNICEF Report. New York: UNICEF;
2011.
[2]. Drakshavani DK, Venkata RP. A study on menstrual hygiene among rural adolescent Indian girls. Andhra Pradesh. Indian J Med
Sci. 1994;48(6):139-43
[3]. Singh MM, Devi R, Gupta SS. Awareness and health seeking behavior of rural adolescent school girls on menstrual and
reproductive health problems. Indian J of Med Sci 1999; 53:439-43.
[4]. Tarhane S1, Kasulkar A . Awareness of adolescent girls regarding menstruation and practices during menstrual cycle. Panacea
Journal of Medical Science, January – April 2015:5(1);29-32
[5]. Shanbhag D, Shilpa R, D'Souza N, Josephine P, Singh J, Goud BR. Perceptions regarding menstruation and practices during
menstrual cycles among high school going adolescent girls in resource limited settings around Bangalore city, Karnataka, India.
International J of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine and Public Health 2012; 4(7): 1353-62.

Abstract: Introduction:Severe Dengue virus infection is a major public health problem leading to considerable morbidity and mortality especially in children .It is essential to devise methods for early detection of progress of simple dengue fever without complications to severe dengue. Radiological tools are useful in this aspect by early prediction of impeding transudation of plasma into third space, before the clinical features are apparent............

Key words - Denguefever,Severe dengue, Pleural effusion,Ultrasonography,, X-Ray chest.

[1]. A. Srikiatkhachorn, Krautrachue A,W Ratanaprakarn, et al, Natural history of plasma leakage in
[2]. dengue hemorrhagic fever: a serial ultrasonographic study, Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2007;26:283–90.
[3]. MW Setiawan ,TK Samsi,H Wulur , et al. Dengue haemorrhagic fever: ultrasound as an aid to predict the severity of the disease,
Pediatr Radiol.1998;28:1–4.
[4]. S Thulkar ,S Sharma ,DN Srivastava et al. Sonographic findings in grade III dengue hemorrhagic
[5]. fever in adults, J Clin Ultrasound. 2000;28:34–7.

Abstract: Introduction: Students of health profession, by virtue of their training in medical field are expected to be well informed about the processes of blood donation and the challenges faced in the field of blood donation. They also form a potential source of eligible regular voluntary donors and at the same time, they will play a crucial role in motivating potential donors from the general population. Hence the study was conducted to assess the knowledge, perception and practice on voluntary blood donation among students of health profession in Regional Institute of Medical Sciences Imphal, and to determine the association between practice of blood donation and selected variables of interest............

Keywords: Blood donation, Medical students, Knowledge, Attitude, Practices

[1]. Fauzia HM, Ashfaq T, Nanji K, Anjum Q, Lohar MI. Knowledge and Attitude towards Voluntary Blood Donation among Students
of a Private Medical College. Infectious Disease Journal of Pakistan, 20(1), 2011, 273-76.
[2]. National Voluntary Blood Donation Day. Message of the Secretary General of the Indian Red Cross Society.2015.Available at
www.indianredcross.org/sg-messages.htm.
[3]. World Health Organization(WHO).Blood donation factsheet 2009.
[4]. Ahmed Z, Zafar M, Khan AA, Anjum MU, Siddique MA. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices about Blood Donation among
Undergraduate Medical students in Karachi. J Infect Dis Ther, 2, 2014, 134.doi:10.4172/2332-0877.1000134.
[5]. Puroshattam A Giri,Deepak B Phalke. Knowledge and Attitude about Blood donation amongst Undergraduates students of Pravara
Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University of Central India. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 5(6), 2012, 569-
73.

Abstract: Hepatic metastatic neuroendocrine tumor is a possibility to justify radical surgery when possible. When liver metastases are bilateral and bulky with the possibility of a potentially insufficient remaining liver, the treatment becomes perilous. We report a case of a 38year woman with neuroendocrine tumor with 2 bilateral synchronous liver metastasis. A left hepatectomy was performed as first step. The postoperative course was uneventful. Histological examination with immunohistochemistry was for a low-grade neuroendocrine tumor. To give an enlarged liver and remaining to ensure the absence of tumor scalability, we waited 6 months after the first operation.............

Keywords: Hepatic metastatic- neuroendocrine tumors- rivers attitude- intraperitoneal chemotherapy-complete control tumeurs sites

[1] Rothenstein J, Cleary SP, Pond GR, Dale D, GallingerS, Moore MJ, et al. Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract: a
decade of experience at the Princess Margaret Hospital. Am J ClinOncol. 2008;31(1):64-70.
[2] Modlin IM, Lye KD, Kidd M. A 5-decade analysis of 13,715 carcinoid tumors. Cancer. 2003;97(4):934-59.
[3] Frilling A, Sotiropoulos GC, Li J, Kornasiewicz O, PlöckingerU. Multimodal management of neuroendocrine liver metastases. HPB.
2010;12(6):361-79.
[4] Gustafsson BI, Kidd M, Modlin IM. Neuroendocrine tumors of the diffuse neuroendocrine system. CurrOpinOncol. 2008;20(1):1-12.
[5] Yao KA, Talamonti MS, Nemcek A, Angelos P, ChrismanH, Skarda J, et al. Indications and results of liver resection and hepatic
chemoembolization for metastatic gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. Surgery. 2001;130(4):677-82; discussion 682-5.

Abstract: Aim: Of all the signs of inflammation rise of temperature is the most objective and reproducible. But this sign is rarely used due to non- availability of an instrument which is easily available and also accurate. In this present study an attempt was made to devise such an instrument. So in this present study an indigenously prepared thermocouple was used to determine the subgingival temperature in healthy and diseased periodontal sites and to compare the same within various sites and regions among and within healthy and diseased periodontal sites and show that rise in subgingival temperature is an indicator of periodontal disease.............

[1] Anderson W.A.D, Kissane M.J.: Inflammation and healing. Chap.2. Pathology ( vol one); 7th edition; C.V. Mosby Company 1977: 25.
[2] Astm american society for testing and materials, standard E 230-87, Annual book of ASTM standards, Vol 14.03; Philadelphia: ASTM; 1994: 102-274.
[3] Dinsdale c.R.J., Rawling A., Walsh T.F.: Subgingival temperature in smokers and non – smokers with periodontal disease. J.Clin. Periodontol. 1997; 24: 761 -766.
[4] Meyerov R.H., Lemmer J., Cleaton – Jones P.E., Volchansky A.: Temperature gradients in periodontal pockets. J. Periodontal. 1991; 62: 95 – 99.
[5] National institute of standards and technology , USA, 1993.

Abstract: Acute diarrhea constitutes a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among the very young, very old, and immunocompromised patients globally 1. Common causes include infections especially viruses. Noninfectious causes of diarrhea include: inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, ischemic bowel disease and partial small bowel obstruction, pelvic abscess in the recto sigmoid area, fecal impaction, carcinoid syndrome, food allergies, the ingestion of poorly absorbable sugars such as lactulose, and acute alcohol ingestion............

Keywords: Diarrhea, malaria, hepatitis, Enteric fever, dengue fever, acute diarrheal disease (ADD)

[1]. Acute diarrhea; Abhishek Deshpande, David S Lever, Edy Soffer August 2013; Cleveland clinic center for continuing education; www.clevelandclinicmeded.com

[2]. Diarrhea Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes; Aug 19, 2015 emedicine.medscape.com

[3]. Diarrheal diseases; Fact sheet; WHO, April 2013

[4]. A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2013, Lancet, 383 (9995): 743-800.

[5]. Global diarrhea burden, CDC, January 2013

Abstract: Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a partially reversible disease associated with airflow limitation. Long standing COPD patients exhibit comorbidities and neuropsychological symptoms. Aims and Objectives: To assess the neuropsychiatric symptoms in COPD patients using PGI Memory scale and symptom check list 80 and quality of life in using SGRQ questionnaire. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 COPD patients defined as per GOLD guidelines and 50 healthy individuals will be subjected to PGI memory scale and symptom check list 80 and SGRQ questionnaire. The data obtained was statistically analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis...............

[1] Pauwels R, Anhonisen N, Bailey WC, Barnes PJ, Buist AS, Catverley P, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: National Heart, lung and Blood Institute and World Health Organization Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Executive Summary (2010 Update)
[2] Jindal SK, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D. A review of population studies from India to estimate national burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its association with smoking. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2001;43: 139-47
[3] Jaakkola MS, Jaakkola JJ. Effects of environmental tobacco smoke on the respiratory health of adults. Scand J Work Environ Hlth 2002; 28: 52-70
[4] Smith KR. National burden of disease in India from domestic air pollution. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2000; 97: 13286-93
[5] Lippman RS, Civil, Shapiro AK. The Hopkins symptom check list (HSCL) factors derived from HSCL-90. J Affect Disord 1979;1:9-24

Abstract: Cystic Hygroma(CH) is also known as Cystic Lymphangioma. A lymphangioma is proliferation of thin walled lymphatic vascular tissues that may or may not be filled with lymph fluid. Its incidence is estimated to be 1 case per 6,000-16,000 live births. Exact etiology is not known but alcohol has been associated with the development of lymphangiomas. No hereditary predisposition exists. Over 50% of CH present at birth and more than 90% of these congenital malformations are found in children< 2years with males and females equally affected. CH was 1st described in the European literature by Redenbacher in 1828. We report a case of cystic hygroma , suspected on USG and confirmed with Clinical and Histopathology Report.

[1] Shaffer LG, Rosenfeld JA, Dabell MP, Coppinger J,Bandholz AM, Ellison JW, et al. Detection rates of clinicallysignificant genomic alterations by microarray analysis forspecific anomalies detected by ultrasound. Prenat Diagn2012; 32: 986-995, doi: 10.1002/pd.3943.
[2] Wapner RJ, Martin CL, Levy B, Ballif BC, Eng CM, Zachary JM, et al. Chromosomal microarray versus karyotyping for prenatal diagnosis. N Engl J Med 2012; 367: 2175-2184, doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1203382.
[3] Committee Opinion No. 581: the use of chromosomalmicroarray analysis in prenatal diagnosis. Obstet Gynecol2013; 122: 1374-1377, doi : 10.1097/01.AOG.0000438962.16108.d1.4) C.Y. Sanhal et al,Prenatal management, pregnancy andpediatric outcomes in fetuses with septated cystic hygroma. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research (2014) 47(9): 799-8035) Sheddy, Aditya, D'Souza, Donna. "Lymphangioma". Radiopaedia. UBM Medica network.Retrieved 22nov 2014

Abstract: Necrotizing Fasciitis (NF) is a rapidly spreading flesh eating disease of skin & subcutaneous tissue. NF was initially termed "streptococcal gangrene" by Meleney.1 NF can involve any part of the body mostly perineal region &anterior abdomen wall but involvement of breast is extremely rare.

Keywords: Breast, Necrotizing Fasciitis, Postpartum

[1] Meleney FL. Haemolytic Streptoccocal gangrene. Arch 1924, Surg 9:317-64.
[2] Shah J, Sharma AK, O'Donoghue JM, Mearns B, Johri A, Thomas V. Necrotising fasciitis of the breast.Br J Plast Surg 2001;54:67–
8.
[3] Hasham S, Matteucci P, Stanley PR, Hart NB. Necrotizing fasciitis. BMJ 2005; 330:830–3.
[4] Cutter EC: Apoplexy of breast. JAMA. 1924, 82: 1763
[5] Sarani B, Strong M, Pascual J, Schwab CW. Necrotizing fasciitis. Current concept and review of the literature. J Am CollSurg 2009,
208:279-88.

Abstract: Background: Pharmacology is an essential subject for medical students for rational use of medicines. Medical education is now focusing on active learning of students rather than conventional lecture based teaching. Small group teaching helps in better understanding of the subject and development of presentation skills. Hence our main aim was to know the effect of student ability based (SAB) group teaching in Pharmacology. Method: 99 MBBS students of 5th semester were divided into three groups after assessing their performance in internal examinations. Special training classes were conducted separately to improve their performance in final university examinations............

Keywords: Group teaching, performance, Pharmacology

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in medical schools. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1992; 32: 779-797.
[4]. De vries T.P.G.M. presenting clinical pharmacology: a problem based approach for chossing and prescribing drugs. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1993; 35: 581-586.
[5]. Salvin R. E. Abilitity grouping and student achievement in elementary schools: A best evidence synthesis. Review of Educational
Research. 1987; 57 (3): 293 – 336.