iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-10 ~ October-2016

Abstract: Background And Objectives: India, one of the largest countries in the Southeast Asian region, has more than 67 million people with diabetes. With an aging population and the increase in prevalence of DM in the younger age group, the secondary complications are common. Foot problems in diabetes needs increasing attention in view of the fact that they account for 85% of the non- traumatic lower extremity amputations and cause significant morbidity and mortality. The aim is to study the risk factors for foot ulceration in type 2 DM patients in Basaveshwara Teaching & General Hospital (BTGH), Gulbarga. and to educate patients with risk factors regarding foot care...............

Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ; foot ulcers; Risk factors; Screening; Peripheral neuropathy; Peripheral vascular disease; Monofilament test; Ankle brachial index.

[1]. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas update poster, 6th edition. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2014. [online] Available from http:// www.idf.org/diabetesatlas/update-2014 [Accessed December, 2014].
[2]. Shah SF, Hameed S, Khawaja Z, Abdullah T, Waqar SH, Zahid MA. Evaluation and management of diabetic foot: A multicentre study conducted at Rawalpindi, Islamabad. Ann Pak inst Med Sci. 2011;7(4):233-237.
[3]. Hunt D. Using evidence in practice : Foot care in diabetics. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am 2002; 31(3): 603-11.
[4]. Reiber GE. Epidemiology of foot ulcers and amputations in the diabetic foot. In: Bowker JH, Pfeifer MA, eds. The diabetic foot. St.Louis, MO: Mosby, 2001 .p.13-32.
[5]. Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Viswanathan V. Burden of type 2 diabetes and its complications — the Indian Scenario. Curr Sci 2002; 83(12): 1471-76.

Abstract: Introduction:Depression, anxiety and substance abuse are common accompaniments of schizophrenic condition and they in turn perturb the clinical picture.Schizophrenic patients who abuse drugs may represent a subgroup of patients with better prognosis and less severe clinical characteristics of schizophrenia, but their drug abuse may adversely affect global outcome.To our knowledge, there is no study in the literature that has explicitly tested the influence of alcohol on depression and anxiety in patients with schizophrenia...........

Keywords: ..........................

[1]. Peter F. Buckley, Brian J. Miller, Douglas S. Lehrer, and David J. Castle. Psychiatric comorbidities and schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia Bulletin vol 35 No. 2 pp 383-402, 2009
[2]. Green AI, Canuso C, Brenner MJ, Wijcik JD. Detection and
[3]. management of comorbidity in schizophrenia. Psychiatr Clin
[4]. N Am. 2003;26:115–139.
[5]. Cohen,M, and Klein, D.F> Drug abuse in a young psychiatric population. American journal of orthopsychiatry 40; 448-455,
1970.cross refernce

Abstract: Background: Surgery for more than 100 years has been the standard mode of care for the treatment of diseases of the biliary tract. Cholecystostomy was the initial surgical treatment for gallstones. The rationale for use of Ttube is that it minimises the risk of leakage in the early postoperative period if there is persistent distal duct obstruction. It also allows further radiological examination and may facilitate removal of residual calculi. Material and Methods: The study was a prospective study undertaken in the Postgraduate Department of Surgery, Government Medical College, Jammu..........

Keywords: Choledocholithiasis, bactibilia, complications of T-tube drainage, CBD,cholangiography

[1]. Bobbs JS. Case of lithotomy of the gallbladder. Trans Med Soc Indiana 1868; 18: 68-73.
[2]. Langenbuch C. Ein fall von exstirpation der gallenblasewegenchronischercholelithiasis. HeilungBerlKlinWochenschr 1882; 19:
725-727.
[3]. Glenn F and Grafe WR. Historical events in biliary tract surgery. Arch Surg 1966; 93: 848-852.
[4]. Burhenne HJ. Nonoperative instrument extraction of retained bile ducts stones. World J Surg 1978; 2: 439-445.
[5]. Gillatt DA, May RE, Kennedy R, et al. Complications of T-tube drainage of the common bile duct. Ann Royal CollSurgEngl 1985;
67: 370-371.

Abstract: Background:Laproscopic cholecystectomy has become the gold standard for the surgical treatment of gall bladder disease, but conversion to open cholecystectomy is still inevitable in certain cases. Knowledge of the rate and impact of the underlying reasons for conversion could help surgeons during preoperative assessment and improve the informed consent of patients. This study was undertaken to review the rate and causes of conversion from laprascopic to open cholecystectomy.............

Keywords: Laproscopic cholecystectomy, conversion rate, male gender, acute cholecystitis, dense adhesions

[1]. Genc V, Sulaimanov M, Cipe G, Basceken SI, Erverdi N, Gural M, Aras N, Hazineddaroglu SM. What necessitates the conversion to open cholecystectomy ? A retrospective analysis of 5164 consecutive laparoscopic operations. Clinics 2011; 66:417-420.
[2]. Harboe KM, Bardram L. The quality of cholecystectomy in Denmark: outcome and risk factors for 20307 patients from national database. SurgEndose 2011;25:1630-1641.
[3]. Sakpal SU, Bindra SS, Chamberlain RS. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy conversion rates two decades later. JSLS 2010 ; 14 : 476-483.
[4]. Kaafarani HMA, Smith TS, Neumayer L, Berger DM, Delalma RG, Itani KMF. Trends, outcomes, and predictors of open and conversion to open cholecystectomy in Veteavs Health Administration hospital. Am J Surg 2010; 200:32-40.

[5]. Kanaan SA, Murayama KM, Merriam LT, et al. Risk factors for conversion of laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy. J SurgRes 2002; 106: 20-24.

Abstract: Despite being a common health problem, community acquired uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a bit under- rated because of its lower mortality rate, relative ease of diagnosis and easily available oral remedy for it. But ever increasing antibiotic –resistance of the uropathogens has forced us to have another look into this matter. This study is an effort to see whether the less commonly prescribed oral antibiotic like Nitrofurantoin can be a better option for treatment before switching over to the final option of intravenous antibiotic therapy........

Keywords: Community acquired UTI, Nitrofurantion resistance, Urinary tract infection, UTI

[1]. Urinary Tract Infections and Resistant Bacteria: Highlights of a Symposium at the Combined Meeting of the 25th International Congress of Chemotherapy (ICC) and the 17th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID), March 31-April 3, 2007, Munich, Germany. Reviews in Urology 2007; VOL. 9 NO. 2:78-80
[2]. Livermore DM, Warner M, Mushtaq S, Doumith M, Zhang J, Woodford N. What remains against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae? Evaluation of chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, colistin, fosfomycin, minocycline, nitrofurantoin, temocillin and tigecycline. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2011 Mar 21.
[3]. Warren JV, Abrutyn E, Hebel R et al. Guidelines for the treatment uncomplicated acute bacterial cystitis and acute pyelonephritis in women. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29: 745–58.
[4]. Karlowsky JA, Jones ME, Thornsberry C et al. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among urinary tract pathogens isolated from female outpatients across the US in 1999. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2001; 18:121–7.
[5]. Risk factors for ciprofloxacin resistance among Escherichia coli strains isolated from community-acquired urinary tract infections in Turkey Hande Arslan, Ozlem Kurt Azap, O ¨nder Ergo¨nu¨ and Funda Timurkaynak on behalf of the Urinary Tract Infection Study Group. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2005) 56, 914–918 doi:10.1093/jac/dki344

Abstract: The first 28 days of life is known as neonatal period. Neonatal death is defined as the death of live birth during first 28 days of life. It is highly vulnerable period that the infants are susceptible to certain problems which lead to illness and death. About 40% of the 10 million deaths among children below 5 years occur during the neonatal period; this is twice as high as the number of deaths attributable to HIV/AIDS. The study was conducted between March 2014 and August 2014. It is a prospective observational study. Both male and female were included. All live neonates admitted to Neonatal Care Unit, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Hospital were included in the study...........

Keywords: Mortality, Low Birth weight, Sepsis, Respiratory distress

[1]. Anthony O, Adetola, Olukemi O.Tongo, Adetola E. Orimadegun, Kike Osinusi. Neonatal Mortality in an Urban Population in India, Nigeria. Pediatrics and Neonatology. 2011; 52:243-250.
[2]. The UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. Levels and Trends in ChildMortality,1990.2010.2011.http://www.healthynewbornnetwork.org/resource/levelsand-trends-child-mortality-2011-report-accessed 1 September 2012.
[3]. Oestergaard MZ, Inoue M,Yoshida S, Mahanani WR, Gore FM, Cousens S, et al. Neonatal mortality levels for 193 countries in 2009 with trends since 1990: A systematic analysis of progress, projections, and priorities. PloS Medicine. 2011; 8(8): e1001080.
[4]. Pavitra Mohan, Baya Kishore, Sharad Singh, Rajiv Bahi, Anju Puri, Rajesh Kumar. Assessment of Implementation of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness in India. J Health Popul Nutr. 2011 Dec; 29(6):629-38.
[5]. Tasneem Kousar, Yasmeen Memon, Salma Sheik, Shazia Memon, Rubina Sehto. Risk factors and causes of death in Neonates. Rawal Medical Journal. 2010; 35(2):205-208.

Abstract: Introduction: The hydatid is endemic zoonotic disease where livestock is raised in association with dogs. Aims and objectives: To define the clinical and epidemiological profile for hydatid diseases among the patients reporting to a tertiary teaching hospital. Material and methods: Retrospective Hospital based study was carried out on a total of (n=28) patients admitted in the Department of Department of C.T.Surgery, Osmania Medical College/ Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad between 1st June 2010 to 29th Februray 2012. Descriptive statistics (percentage), were used in analyzing the patient characteristics and laboratory parameters...........

Keywords: Hydatidosis, Echinococcosis, Epidemiology

[1] Heidari Z1, Mohebali M, Zarei Z, Aryayipour M, Eshraghian M, Kia E, et al. Seroepidemiological study of human hydatidosis in meshkinshahr district, ardabil province, iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2011 Aug;6(3):19-25.
[2] Montazeri, V, Sokouti M, Rashidi H. Comparison of pulmonary hydatid disease between children and adult. Tanaffos. 2007;6(1):13-18.
[3] Simindokht S, Mohammad R, Mehrdad H, Hooman Y. Epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical study of hydatid cysts in three educational medical centers in 10 years. The Journal of Shaheed Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. 1990;8(1):25-9.
[4] Eckert J, Deplazes P. Biological, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of echinococcosis, a zoonosis of increasing concern. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004 Jan;17(1):107-35..
[5] Craig PS, Rogan MT, Campos-Ponce M. Echinococcosis: disease, detection and transmission. Parasitology. 2003;127 Suppl:S5-20.

Abstract: Cardiac tumors are assumed to be a rare entity. Metastases to the heart are more frequent than primary lesions. Retrospective study was carried out in Department of C.T.Surgery, Osmania Medical College/ Osmania General Hospital Hyderabad from January 1st 2004 –December 31st 2012, based on the available hospital records. Distribution of cardiac myxomas per age, showing a peak of incidence in people 45–60 years of age.

Keywords: Cardiac tumors, myxoma, heart cancer, heart neoplasms, intracavitary cardiac tumors, myocardial tumors

[1]. Silverman NA. Primary cardiac tumors. Annals of Surgery 1980;191(2):127-138.
[2]. Reynan K. Frequency of primary tumors of the heart. Am J Cardiol 1996;77:107–116.
[3]. Song Y, Hu R, Yao Q. Pathological analysis of 268 cases of tumors in the heart and the pericardium. J SUN Yat-sen-Univ (Med Sci) 2003;24:197–201.
[4]. Roberts WC. Primary and secondary neoplasms of the heart. Am J Cardiol 1997;80:671–682.
[5]. Pediatric Cardiac Tumors. Available online from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/901147-overview ; Accessed on 18.08.2016.

Abstract: Objective: Study report aimed at to study clinical features, complications, response to treatment of malaria cases admitted and outcome at tertiary care hospital at CIMS, Bilaspur ,Chhattisgarh, India. Material & Methods: This is descriptive, retrospective study, conducted in confirmed cases of Malaria, either by peripheral smear or rapid diagnostic test of patients admitted in the Department of Medicine, CIMS, Bilaspur (CG), from December 2010 to February 2012. The patients were from Bilaspur and admitted from periphery for admissions...........

Keywords: Malaria ,falciparum ,Vivax, Anemia

[1] Preetam N Wasnik*, TP Manohar**, NR Humaney**, HR Salkar*** Study of Clinical Profile of Falciparum Malaria in aTertiary
Referral Centre in Central India © JAPI • october 2012 • VOL. 60
[2] Rajesh Deshwal Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Hospitalized Malarial Patients: An Agra-Based Study JAPIoct2012vol 60
[3] [Bhakshin Melhotra; Haematological manifestation of Malaria; Indian Journal of Haematology and Blood Transfusion 1997; 15-
40.2
[4] Himanshu Shekhar Das, Smita Padhy Study of Clinical and Laboratory Profile in Malaria volume: 5 issue 12 December 2015
[5] Rajanasthein ; Hematological and coagulation studies in Malaria; Journal of Medical association of Thailand 1992; 75 (supp 17)
:190-194.

Abstract: This study using computer graphics based Virtual Patients of Mania and Schizophrenia is the first of its kind in Psychiatry in India. In Psychiatry, Virtual patients instead of live patients offer many advantages in cases of violence, suicide, complex phenomenology and where typical cases are few. 104 medical students of Maharajah's Institute of Medical Sciences, Nellimarla, India volunteered to rate the 3min 20 sec animation graphics video portraying Ravi as Mania and George as Schizophrenia using Young Mania Rating Scale..........

Keywords: Virtual Patients, Mania, Schizophrenia, Computer graphics Psychiatry, Teaching tool medical, Medical students.

[1]. Triola M, Feldman H, Kalet AL, Zabar S, Kachur EK, Gillespie C, Anderson M, Griesser C, Lipkin M. A randomized trial of teaching clinical skills using virtual and live standardized patients. J Gen Intern Med 2006;21:424-9.
[2]. Berman N, Fall LH, Smith S, Levine DA, Maloney CG, Potts M, Siegel B, Foster-Johnson L. Integration strategies for using virtual patients in clinical clerkships. Acad Med 2009; 84:942-9.
[3]. Huang G, Reynolds R, Candler C. Virtual patient simulation at US and Canadian medical schools. Acad Med 2007; 82:446-51.
[4]. Ellaway R, Poulton T, Fors U, McGee JB, Albright S. Building a virtual patient commons. Med Teacher 2008; 30:170-4.
[5]. Radhakanth C. Computers in Psychiatry: Development of a database and its analysis in Schizophrenia. Dissertation submitted to University of Health Sciences, Andhra Pradesh 1990.

Abstract: A clinical study of 100 cases of myopia of 3D and > 3D that attended the ophthalmic out patient department of sarojini devi eye hospital, during the period from January 2013 to January 2015 in the age group between 10-40 years studied, so as to............

Keywords: ..........

[1]. A J Lee,et al 2004A J Lee, S-M Saw, G Gazzard, A Cheng D T H Tan ,2004,Intraocular pressure associations with refractive error and axial length in children British Journal of Ophthalmology 2004;88:5-7
[2]. Bayramlar H, Cekic O, Hepsen IF 1999"Does convergence, not accommodation, cause axial-length elongation at near? A biometric study in teens." Ophthalmic Res. 1999;31(4):304-8
[3]. Edwards MH, et al 1963 Chun CY, Leung SS. Intraocular pressure in an unselected sample of 6- to 7- year-old Chinese children. Optom Vis Sci 1993;70:198–200
[4]. Hammond CJ, et al 2004 T, Mak YT, Spector TD. "A susceptibility locus for myopia in the normal population is linked to the PAX6 gene region on chromosome 11: a genomewide scan of dizygotic twins." Am J Hum Genet. 2004 Aug;75(2):294-304. Epub 2004 Jun 24

Abstract: Background: The management of open Grade IIIB fractures of tibia requires aggressive debridement, fixation and early wound coverage by flap cover surgery.Raising non microvascular local and distant flaps require less expertise.We report a prospective trial to study the different types of flap coverage surgery used in leg and the various factors affecting the final outcome. Materials & Methods: 26 patients with open grade IIIB fractures of legs were managed by serial debridement and early fixation and flap coverage.The patients were followed and bony union and soft tissue coverage were observed.........

Keywords: Complications, early flap coverag , non- microvascular flaps , Open fractures , union

[1]. Matthew L.Rudloff:Fractures of the lower extremity; Campbell's operative orthopaedics,vol.III,12,2644
[2]. H.Ellis:The speed of healing after fracture of the tibial shaft;The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-1958 Nov;40(B) 42-46
[3]. Gustillo R.B , Anderson J.T:Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty five open fractures of long
bones:retrospective and prospective analysis, J Bone and Joint Surgery Am. 1976;58:453-458
[4]. Brian M. Parrett, Julian J. Pribaz:Lower extremity reconstruction; Rev. Med. Clin. Condes-2010; 21 (1) 66-75
[5]. Saam Morshed:Current options for determining fracture union;Advances in Medicines; 2014 ; Volume.20:311-16

Abstract: Studies comparing the effect of fixed and unfixed combination of latanoprost and timolol are limited globally and nearly absent among the Nigerian population. This study therefore compares the effect of fixed and unfixed combination of latanoprost and timolol on intraocular hypertension among Nigerian population. The study was a randomized control trial consisting of 102 patients with ocular hypertension who received latanoprost/timolol fixed combination (n=48) and latanoprost/timolol unfixed combination (n=54) for medical reasons. Follow-up visits over 30 weeks was scheduled for 2 weeks from entry date and thereafter every 4 weeks for the remaining 28 weeks making a total of 9 clinic visitations.......

Keywords: Latanoprost; Timolol; Fixed combination; Unfixed combination; Nigerian

[1]. Liza-Sharmini, A. T., Yuen Shi Yin, N., Shi-Huang Lee, S., Jackson, A. L. and Stewart, W. C. Mean target intraocular pressure and
progression rates in chronic angle-closure glaucoma. J Ocul Pharm Ther., 25(1),2009, 71-76.
[2]. The AGIS Investigators. The Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS): 7. the relationship between control of intraocular
pressure and visual field deterioration. Am J Ophthalmol; 130: 2000, 429–440.
[3]. Ovienria, W.A., Enock, M.E., Akhideno, P.E., Momoh, N. and Akpamu U.Comparative Efficacy of Timolol and Latanoprost on
Intraocular Hypertension Among Patients Attending the Ophthalmic Clinic of Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria.
Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2016; Volume 11, Issue 5 Ver. III: 15-18.
[4]. Mosavi, A.A.S., Wang, C.T., Yaakub, A., Zaid, N.A., Tajudin, L.A. Pressure lowering effect of fixed combination and unfixedcombination
of latanoprost and timolol in Asian population. Clinical Medicine Research,1(1), 2012, 7-12
[5]. Kass, M.A., Heuer, D.K., Higginbotham, E.J., et al. The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study: a randomized trial determines that
topical ocular hypotensive medication delays or prevents the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma. Arch. Ophthalmol.; 120: 2002,
701–713.

Abstract: Thrombocytopenia (<150 x 109/L) has been associated with both Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) and P.vivax (Pv) but there are no studies on platelet count in P. malariae (Pm) malaria which alongside with Pf is endemic in Southwestern Nigeria. In this study, platelet counts were performed on samples from 240 individuals; 60 of whom had Pf , 60 Pm, 60 Pf+Pm malaria and 60 apparently healthy individuals without malaria (controls) in order to determine the effect of these Plasmodium species on platelet count. Malaria
parasite test was done by microscopic examination of thick and thin blood films stained with 3% Giemsa. Platelet counts were done using an automated Coulter counter (STKS model).........

Keywords:Acute malaria, Platelet count, Thrombocytopenia, Plasmodium falciparium, P. malariae

[1]. Lacerda, M.V.G., Mourao, M.P.G., Coelho, H.C.C. and Santos, J.B. Thrombocytopenia in malaria: who cares? Memorias do
Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 106(suppl 1), 2011, 52-63.
[2]. Igbeneghu, C. and Odaibo, A.B. Impact of Acute Malaria on Some Haematological Parameters in a Semi-Urban Community in
Southwestern Nigeria. Acta Parasitologica Globalis 4(1), 2013, 1 - 5.
[3]. Gupta, N.K., Bansal, S.B., Jain, U.C. and Sahare, K. Study of thrombocytopenia in patients of malaria. Tropical Parasitology 3(1),
2013, 58-61.
[4]. Shaikh, Q.H., Ahmad, S.M., Abbasi, A., Malik, S.A., Sahito, A.A. and Munir, S.M. Thrombocytopenia in malaria. Journal of the
College of Physicians and Surgeons- Pakistan 19, 2009, 708-710.
[5]. George, P. and Alexander, L.M. A study on the clinical profile of complicated Plasmodium vivax monoinfections. Asian Pacific
Journal of Tropical Medicine 3, 2010, 560-562.

Abstract: Aims and objectives: To investigate the effect of distraction with a mobile phone video game in comparison with video viewing on the behavior of children undergoing local anesthesia injection during dental extraction and the treatment satisfaction as reported by children and pediatric dentists. Materials and methods: 30 children in the age group of 4-8 years with Frankel's behavior rating score of 2 who required local anesthesia for dental extraction were selected.........

Keywords: Cartoon videos, Dentist satisfaction, Distraction, Patient anxiety, Video games,

[1]. McCaul KD, Malott JM, Distraction and coping with pain, Psychological bulletin., 95 (3), 1984, 516-533.
[2]. Ram D, Shapira J, Holan G, Magora F, Cohen S, Davidovich E, Audiovisual video eyeglass distraction during dental treatment in
children, Quintessence international, 41 (8), 2010, 671:673.
[3]. Wismeijer AA, Vingerhoets AJ, The use of virtual reality and audiovisual eyeglass systems as adjunct analgesic techniques: a
review of the literature. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 30 (3), 2005, 268-78.
[4]. Slifer KJ, Tucker CL, Dahlquist LM, Helping children and caregivers cope with repeated invasive procedures: How are we doing?,
Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 9 (2), 2002, 131-52.
[5]. van Wijk AJ, Hoogstraten J, Anxiety and pain during dental injections, Journal of dentistry, 37 (9), 2009, 700-4.

Abstract: Cemento-ossifying fibroma is a benign, fibro-osseous tumor belonging to the same category as fibrous dysplasia and cemento-osseous dysplasia. It is a reactive gingival overgrowth occurring frequently in the mandibular premolar-molar region. A patient aged 15 years old with the chief complaint of a swelling in relation to 12 and 13 region is presented in this paper. The lesion was asymptomatic, pinkish and pedunculated Histologically, it showed a cellular, fibrous connective tissue stroma with calcifications. The lesion was histologically similar to peripheral ossifying fibroma and complete surgical removal of the lesion was carried out under local anesthesia

[1]. Pal S, Hegde S, Ajila V. The varying clinical presentations of peripheral ossifying fibroma: A report of three cases. Rev Odonto
Cienc 2012;27(3):251-55.
[2]. Chatterjee A, Ajmera N, Singh A. Peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma of maxilla.Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
2010; 14(3):186-89
[3]. Pendyala G, Joshi S, Marawar P P, Pawar B, Mani A.Peripheral ossifying fibroma . Pavara med Rev 2012;4(2):27-30.
[4]. Baiju CS, Rohatgi. Peripheral odontogenic fibroma: A case report and review. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology
2011;159(3):273-75.
[5]. Agrawal S M, barodiya A, agrawal M G. Ossifying fibroma of mandible: a case report. Njdsr 2012;1:11-13.

Abstract: Background: Multiple Myeloma is the commonest haematological malignancy in people of African descent. Diagnosis depends on the presence of plasma cells which produce monoclonal proteins or abnormal free light chains. Aims & Methods: The aim was to assess certain biochemical parameters in patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma. This was a ten year retrospective hospital based study..........

Keywords:Multiple myeloma, MM, Biochemical parameters, Nigeria.

[1]. A Palumbo, K Anderson,Multiple Myeloma. N Engl J Med 2011; 364:1046-1060
[2]. SV Rajkumar, S Kumar,Multiple Myeloma: Diagnosis and Treatment.Mayo Clin Proc. 2016 Jan;91(1):101-19. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.11.007.
[3]. J Caers,I Vande Broek, H De Reare, I Michaux, F Trullemans, R Schots , et al. Multiple Myeloma - An update on diagnosis and treatment. Eur J. Haematol Nov. 2008 : 329-43
[4]. KC Nau, WD Lewis, Multiple Myeloma; Diagnosis and Treatment. Am Fam Physician 2008 : 78 (7) : 853 – 9

[5]. AJ Waxman, PJ Mink, SS Devesa, et al. Racial disparities in incidence and outcome in multiple myeloma: a population-based study. Blood. 2010;116(25):5501-5506. doi:10.1182/blood-2010-07-298760.

Abstract: Objective: To study the variations in the branching pattern of the external carotid artery, being the principal artery nourishing almost the head and neck (external to skull) and report any deflections from the normal branching pattern described in the text books of Anatomy. Materials, methods and results: Ina sample study of 30 cadavers at NRI medical college, Chinnakakani, Andhra Pradesh (24 males and 6 females), we have found variations in the various branches and reported (figures).

Keywords: external carotid artery (ECA), common carotid artery (CCA), Superior thyroid artery, ascending pharyngeal artery, lingual artery, facial artery, occipital artery.

[1]. Hoffer SO, Poschn A, Smit X. 2005. The facial artery perforator flap for reconstruction of peroraldefects.PlastReconstrSurg; 115:
996 – 1003.
[2]. Thwin SS, Soe MM, Myint M, Than M, Lwin S. 2010. Variations of the origin and branches of theexternal carotid artery in a
human cadaver. Singapore Med J; 51: e40 – e42.
[3]. Delic J, Savkovic A, Bajtarevic A, Isakovic E. 2010. Variations of ramification of external carotidartery – common trunks of
collateral branches. Period Biol; 112: 117 – 119.
[4]. Ozgur Z, Govsa F, Ozgur T. 2008a. Anatomic evaluation of the carotid artery bifurcation incadavers: Implications for open and
endovascular therapy. Surg Rad Anat; 30: 475 – 480.
[5]. Sanjeev IK, Anita H, Ashwini M, Mahesh U, Rairam GB. 2010. Branching pattern of external carotidartery in human cadavers. J
Clin Diagn Res; 4: 3128 – 3133.

Abstract: Pregnancy and childbirth is a normal physiological process bringing a joyful experience to individuals and families. However, in many parts of the world, pregnancy and childbirth is a perilous journey, a risky and potentially fatal experience for millions of women especially in developing countries. The average maternal mortality rates in developed countries is between 10-15/100,000 live births while developing countries record rates 100-200 times this number. Maternal death is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes."[1].........

[1]. Park K. Preventive medicine in obstetric, Paediatrics and geriatrics: Park's Text Book of Preventive and Social Medicine. 20th
edition.
[2]. Pal Amitava, Prasanta Rai, Hazara Samir, Mondal T K. Review of changing trends in Maternal Mortality in rural medical
[3]. College in West Bengal. J. Obstetric Gynaecol India. 2005; 55:521-525
[4]. Berg C. Strategies to prevent pregnancy related deaths: from identification and review to actions, centre of disease control and
prevention, 2001 (http//www.cdc.govt/reproduction
[5]. health/02_pub_elect.htm).
[6]. Rao TB. Sociology in Medicine. 1st ed. Guntur: Sree Graphics;2002. P.76.

Abstract: Background: Epilepsy is common neurological condition in sub-Saharan Africa. It is traditionally linked to cultural beliefs and practices such as witchcraft. This manifest in stigma of those affected. Most patients live with the condition without proper medical intervention. Aim:the article is aimed at sensitization using personal experience.

[1]. Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, (1981)-F.A. Davis Company, U.S.A.
[2]. Birbeck, G. and Baskind, R(2005). Epilepsy Care in Zambia: A Study of Traditional Healers. Lusaka.
[3]. Ravi Paul et al. (2015)Treatment seeking behavior of people with epilepsy at the University Teaching
[4]. and Chainama Hills Hospital.International Journal of Developmental Research, Vol. 5, Issue,11,
[5]. pp.6106-6111, November, 2015
[6]. Lishman Organic Psychiatry: A textbook of Neuropsychiatry. 4th Edition pp 309-397. Wiley and
[7]. Blackwell, 2009.

Abstract: Granulomas in bone marrow are an infrequent finding related to diverse diseases. We reviewed bone marrow studies over a period of 5 years, confirming the presence of granulomas in bone marrows of 17 patients. Mean age of the patients was 38 years. Male:Female ratio was 2:1. Fever was the most common presenting complaint along with, unexplained weight loss and anorexia. CBP and peripheral smear evaluation was done and showed most common finding as pancytopenia in 10 cases, bicytopenia (anemia and thrombocytopenia) in 4 and anemia in 3cases. All the patients then underwent bone marrow aspiration and biopsy procedure. Out of the 17 cases, 7 cases were diagnosed as Tuberculosis, 5 diagnosed as Sarcoidosis and 5 patients were positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection out of which 2 were HIV- TB coinfection. Out of all 17 cases only 1 case showed epitheloid granulomas in bone marrow aspirates as well as biopsy, others showed granulomas only on biopsies. Because of the non-specificity of the morphological data, the diagnostic significance of the finding is limited, but it does serve to narrow the field of etiological possibilities..........

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Abstract: Short stature is defined as height below 3rd percentile or less than two Standard Deviations (SDs) below the median height for that age and sex according to the population standard; or even if the height is in normal percentiles but growth velocity is consistently below 25th percentile over 6–12 months of observation.Approximately 3% children in any population are short, amongst which 50% is due to physiological (familial or constitutional) and 50% is pathological.

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Abstract: High altitudinal Retinopathy is a condition often seen among mountain climbers or among person who reach high altitude rapidly. Infectious syphilis is currently showing a resurgence in western world as well as in Indian subcontinent. Presence of ocular involvement is strongly suggestive of involvement of the CNS and is considered synonymous with neurosyphillis. This is an atypical case of secondary syphilis where the symptoms of sudden loss of vision with retinal vascular changes occurred following ascent to high altitude without proper acclimatization, suggesting possible precipitation of the ocular manifestations by hypoxia associated with high altitude.

Keywords: High altitudinal retinopathy, Neurosyphillis, Optic Neuropathy.

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Abstract: Background: Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) diseases are one of the most common entities we come across in dayto- day practice. Given its sheer length and extent, there is a possibility of various pathologies affecting individual segments of the entire tract. Ranging from congenital anomalies, acute and/or chronic inflammations, inflammatory conditions to neoplastic conditions including both, benign as well as malignant lesions, the spectrum of diseases which can occur individually or in combination with various segments is wide. In the present study, we aim to understand and analyse various diseases encountered during the study period........

Keywords: Gastrointestinal tract, Non-malignant, IBD.

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