iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-2017

Abstract: Berger first described the glomerulonephritis now termed IgA nephropathy. IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common form of glomerulonephritis in the world, and currently is known to be an importantcause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). It is classically characterized by episodic hematuria associated with the deposition of IgA in the mesangium. There is a male preponderance , a peak incidence in the second and third decades of life, and rare familial clustering. The most typicalpresentation is macroscopic hematuria shortly after amucosal infection such as upper respiratory tract infectionand bronchitis. Patients rarely present with nephritic syndrome. It is now well-known that prognosis is highlyvariable

[1]. Li LS, Liu ZH. Epidemiologic data of renal diseases from a single unit in China: Analysis based on 13,519 renal biopsies. Kidney Int. 2004; 66: 920–923.
[2]. Berthoux FC, Mohey H, Afiani A. Natural history of primary IgA nephropathy. Semin Nephrol. 2008; 28: 4-9.
[3]. Fogo AB, Kashgarian M. Diagnostic atlas of renal pathology. 1st ed. Spain: Elsevier-Saunders; 2005. p. 107-120.
[4]. Floege J, Eitner F. Immune modulating therapy for IgA nephropathy:Rationale and Evidence. Semin Nephrol. 2008; 28: 38-47
[5]. Barratt J, Feehally J. IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005; 16: 2088–2097.
[6]. Tumlin JA, Madaio MP, Hennigar R. Idiopathic IgA nephropathy: pathogenesis, histopathology, and therapeutic options. ClinJ Am Soc Nephrol. 2004; 2: 1054-1061.

Abstract: Background: Nephrotic Syndrome is a common childhood illness. Major problem with this disease is frequent relapse. So, it is important to identify the children at risk for relapses to treat and further follow up. Aim &Objective: Aim of present study was to determine Spot PCR is a strong indicator of relapse in Nephrotic Syndrome. The primary objective of study was to determine the correlation between acute phase Spot PCR and subsequent relapses in Nephrotic Syndrome. Material and Method of study: Sixty two Nephrotic Syndrome children were included in this prospective cohort study at ICH&RC Madurai Medical College & Hospital. Spot PCR was estimated at the acute phase of disease before starting steroid therapy. They were followed up for six months from the time of remission to determine the further relapse.............

Keywords: Nephrotic syndrome, Spot PCR, steroid therapy.

[1]. Nash MA, Edelmann CM,Bernstein J, Barnett HL. The nephrotic syndrome volume II.
[2]. Pediatric kidney disease, 2nd edition. Boston: Little Brown and company 1991;1247-1266.
[3]. Srinivastava RN,Aravind Bagga.Paediatric nephrology. 4 th edition. New Delhi, India: Jaypee brothers, medical publishers (P)
Ltd;2005.p.161-200.
[4]. Tietz, 2008 6th ed. and McIntyre, Natasha J; Taal, Maarten W, 2008. kolmer JA, Spaulding EH, Robinson HN. Methods for
estimation of urine. Approved laboratory technique, 5th edition. New york: Appleton century crafts Inc 1951; 138-144.
[5]. Grinsberg JM,Chang BS,Matarese RA. Use of single voided urine samples to estimate quanti tative proteinuria. N Eng J Med 1983;
309; 1543-1546.
[6]. Amir Said Alizadeh Naderi, MD and Robert F. Reilly, MD, 2008.

Abstract: Spinal Cord Injury is a global epidemic. It results in partial or complete disability. The life expectancy of these patients is also increased. The rehabilitation team is addressing physical needs. To assess the sexual need and related stress among patients with disability related to SCI and their spouses a descriptive study was conducted in in the Physical Medical and Rehabilitation OPD, Rehabilitation institute of the Christian Medical College, Vellore and the nearby villages in Vellore . The sample size was 30 patients and 30 spouses, chosen by purposive sampling technique...........

[1]. Rich Hansen Spinal Cord Injury Registry (2006) – Spinal Cord Injury Facts and Statistics. www.Spinalcord.uab.edu.
Retrieved on 13.04.2010.
[2]. Indian Spinal Injuries Center. – New Delhi Peer Counseling. http:/isiconline,org/rehabilitation.peer.html . Retrieved on 17
.04.2010.
[3]. Titch, Radnitz and Bauman, Depression and Spinal Cord Injury: A Monozygotic Twin study, Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine,
Vol. 22, No. 4, Winter, 1999, 284-287. Retrieved on 25.04.2010.
[4]. Sharma.et.al.(2006)Assessment of sexual functions after spinal cord injury in Indian Patients – International Journal of
Rehabilitation Research –Volume-29 –Issue -! PP 17-25 Retrieved on 25/04/2010.
[5]. Lee.X.Blonder ,Shelby, Creed , Pettigrew, Thomas ( 2007 ) The effects of stroke disability on spousal caregivers. Journal Neuro
Rehabilitation 22 P.85-92

Abstract: Objective: Alcohol has direct toxic effect on bone marrow and also indirect effect on precursors of all blood cells - red blood cells, platelets and white blood cells. Long term excessive alcohol consumption can interfere with various physiological, biochemical and metabolic processes of the blood cells. The medical consequences of haematological abnormalities can be severe and debilitating. The aim of this study is to evaluate frequency and nature of haematological parameters in inpatients with alcohol dependence syndrome and to study the relationship between haematological parameters and clinical variables.............

Keywords: Alcohol Dependence Syndrome, Anaemia, Thrombocytopenia.

[1]. E.R. Eichner. The hematologic disorders of alcoholism. The American Journal of Medicine.1973; 54(5):621-630.
[2]. H.S. Ballard. The hematological complications of alcoholism. Alcohol Health & Research World.1997; 21(1):42-52.
[3]. S.K. Das, D.M. Vasudevan. Biochemical diagnosis of alcoholism. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry.2005; 20(1):35–42.
[4]. K. Seppa, P. Sillanaukee, T. Koivula. Abnormalities of hematologic parameters in heavy drinkers and alcoholics. Alcoholism Clinical & Experimental Research.1992; 16(1):117-121.
[5]. F. Wisloff, D. Boman. Haemolytic anaemia in alcohol abuse. Journal of Internal Medicine.1979; 205(1-6):237-242.
[6]. A. Walther, U. Poza, S. Salamanca, F. Mendieta, S. Heranz , E. Perez. Hematologic aspects of alcoholics. Medicina Clinica.1979; 72(4):158-165.

Abstract: Twelve maxillary central incisors in patients aged between 15 to 30 years who suffered a traumatic injury were selected. All patients presented with incomplete development of the root apex. Conventional access cavity was prepared. The root canals were mechanically cleaned with copious irrigation using 3% NaOCl and normal saline as final irrigant. In group A, 6 patients were selected. Root canal was dried and calcium hydroxide powder mixed with normal saline in the paste form was placed for 1 week. In group B, 6 patients were selected. Root canal was dried and calcium hydroxide powder mixed..........

Keywords: Apical plug, Apexification, Calcium hydroxide, 2% Chlorhexidine, Mineral trioxide aggregate, Normal saline.

[1]. V.S. Raji , P. Karunakar, N. Madhavi. Mineral trioxide aggregate in management of immature teeth with open apices – A report of clinical cases, Journal of Pierre Fauchard Academy, Volume 27, Issue 1, March 2013.
[2]. E.C. Sheely, G.J. Roberts.Use of calcium hydroxide for apical barrier formation and healing in non-vital immature permanent teeth: a review, Br Dent J, 183 (1997)
[3]. M. Rafter. Apexification: a review, DentTraumatol, 21 (2005)
[4]. GiulianiV, BaccettiT, Pace R, Pagavino G.The use of MTA in teeth with necrotic pulps and open apices, Dental Traumatology 2002; 18: 217–221

[5]. Leonardo MR, Hemandez ME, Silva LA, Tanomaru-Filho M. Effect of a calcium hydroxide-based root canal dressing on periapical repair in dogs: A histological study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006;102:680–5.

Abstract: Background & Objectives: The objective of this in-vitro study was to compare and evaluate the fracture resistance of posterior teeth restored with Ceramic inlay and Hybrid composite restoration. Methods: Thirty intact, non-carious, human maxillary premolar teeth that were collected. The thirty teeth were randomly divided into 3 experimental group of 10 teeth each , Group A, Group B and Group C. Group A was consisted of sound/unprepared teeth (control). In Group B mesio-occlusal Class-II cavity was prepared in each tooth and restored with Hybrid composite resin. In Group C mesio-occlusal Class-II inlay cavities were prepared and restored with Ceramic inlays. Thereafter, the specimens all three groups were individually tested in a universal testing machine...........

Keyword:- Fracture resistance, Hybrid composite resin ,Ceramic inlay, Universal testing machine

[1]. Joynt RB, Davis EL. Fracture resistance of posterior teeth restored with glass–ionomer–composite resin system. J Prosthet Dent. 1989, 62:28–31.
[2]. Powers M John. Craig's Restorative Dental Materials. 12th Edition. (New Delhi:Reed Elsevier India Pvt ltd , 2006) . (p.484-486) [3]. Desai PD, Das UK. Comparison of fracture resistance of teeth restored with ceramic inlay and resin composite: an in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res 2011, 22:877.

[4]. Arvind Shenoy. Is it the end of the road for dental amalgam? A critical review. J Conserv Dent. 2008 Jul-Sep, 11(3): 99–107.

[5]. Knosp. Gold in dentistry: Alloys, uses and performance. Gold Bulletin 2003, 36(3):93-102. [6]. Henry E. Fayle. Gold inlay failures and some causes. University of Texas, Dental Branch April 1973Volume 29, Issue 4, Pages 439–441.

Abstract: Alcohol is the most commonly used abuse drug in the world. There are at least 208 million people with alcoholism around the world. Long term Alcohol consumption mainly affects all body systems mainly nervous system. In nervous system it affects auditory pathways due to its toxic effects on auditory nerves resulting in various auditory disturbances. Aims & objectives: To study and compare Brainstem evoked auditory response in both Right (Rt) and Left(Lt) ear of chronic alcoholics and non alcoholic controls of Latencies (ms) Wave I ,Wave III Wave V and Interpeak latency (ms) I-III , I-V.........

Keywords: Alcoholics, Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response(BERA), Interpeak latency(ms), Latency(ms),

[1]. Bernice Porjesz. Evoked Brain Potential Deficits in Alcoholism and Aging. Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research 1982 ; vol 6 : 53-60
[2]. H.Begleiter, B.Porjesz et al Auditory Brainstem potentials in chronic alcoholics .American association for the advancement of science. 1981; volume 211: 1064-1066
[3]. Elisabeth Stephanie and Herbert .Cumulative lifelong alcohol consumption alters auditory brainstem potentials. journal alcoholism; clinical and experimental research .2004 vol 28 ;3 : 508-515
[4]. VV Pillay,In :alcohol Comprehensive Medical Toxicology, 2ndedition, chapter 8, Alcohols: 187.
[5]. H.Begleiter, B.Porjesz et al Auditory Brainstem potentials in chronic alcoholics. American association for the advancement of science . 1981 ; volume 211: 1064-1066

Abstract: Background and Aim: Flexor pollicis longus (FPL) is one of the deep muscles of the flexor compartment of forearm, which is comparatively a recent acquisition in the evolution of upper limb muscle. According to literatures accessory head of FPL (AHFPL) is be found in more than 50% of individuals worldwide. The present study is taken with the aim to show the incidence, morphology, relation of AHFPL with median and anterior interosseous nerve in south Indian population...........

Keywords: Flexor pollicis longus, Accessory head, Anterior interosseous nerve

[1]. Standring.S, Borley NR et al. Gray's anatomy: The Anatomical basis of clinical practice. 40th edition. Elsevier Ltd.London,2008 :
Ch 49 : p - 848
[2]. Dellon AL, Mackinnon SE. Musculo aponeurotic variations along the course of the median nerve in the Proximal forearm. J Hand
Surg Br. 1987; 12: 359–363.
[3]. Al-Qattan MM. Gantzer's muscle. An anatomical study of the accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus muscle. J Hand Surg
Br. 1996; 275 : 269–270.
[4]. Mangini U. Flexor pollicis longus muscle. Its morphology and clinical significance. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1960; 42 : 467–470.
[5]. Oh CS, Chung IH, Koh KS. Anatomical study of the accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus and the anterior interosseus
nerve in Asians. Clin Anat. 2000 ; 13 : 434–438.

Abstract: Background Haemophilia group of related bleeding disorders that are inherited. Inherited bleeding disorders include abnormalities of coagulation factors and platelet function.Our country has the second highest burden of haemophilia patients in the world. Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study .This study was done at Government Royapettah Hospital, Chennai for a period of six months. The study was performed after procuring informed written consent from all the participants involved............

Keywords: Clinical profile, haemophilia

..............

Abstract: Introduction:WHO defined adolescents as people within the age group of 10-19 years. whether prejudice and discrimination will increase or decrease during adolescence will be greatly influenced by the environment in which adolescents find themselves and by the attitudes and behavior of their friends and associates. It is the period of heightening of all emotions like anxiety, fear, love, anger etc. Aim of the study: To analyze the morbidity pattern for hospital admissions in Govt. Theni medical college, Theni, during the period January 2006 to December 2010..................

Keywords: (adolescence, morbidity, tertiary hospital)

[1]. Morbidity Profile of Adolescents Admitted in a General Pediatric Ward,A Chakraborty, S Basu and B Rath Department of Pediatrics Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India. Indian Pediatr 2015;52: 617-618
[2]. Pattern and outcome of admissions at the children emergency room at the Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki- Onyinye U Anyanwu1, Obumneme B Ezeanosike2, Chinonyelu T Ezeonu2 Making progress: the health, development and wellbeing of australia's children and young people-Australian institute of health and welfare
[3]. James A, Clacey J, Seagroatt V, et al Adolescent inpatient psychiatric admission rates and subsequent one-year mortality in England: 1998–2004. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2010;51:1395–404.
[4]. CDC National Health Report: Leading Causes of Morbidity and Mortality and Associated Behavioral Risk and Protective Factors—United States, 2005–2013
[5]. Trends in admissions, morbidity and outcomes at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, 2004 – 2013 Y Isaacs-Long, L Myer, H J Zar -South African Medical Journal 2017;107(3):219-226. DOI:10.7196/SAMJ.2017.v107i3.11364

Abstract: Introduction: Crown-rump length (CRL) is the measurement of the length of human embryo and fetuses from the top of the head (crown) to the bottom of the buttocks (rump). Material and Method: Foetuses of different age groups were collected from Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and from different private nursing homes in Ranchi and kept in 10% formalin for 10 days . On 10th day the CRL was measured using a measuring tape from vertex to buttock, maintaining the hyper flexed attitude of foetus. The data was analysed by using regression analysis and compared with Statistical data of study named.............

[1]. ISUOG. Practice guidelines: performance of first-trimester fetal ultrasound scan. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2013;13(1):102–113. [2]. Verburg BO, Steegers EAP, De Ridder M, Snijders RJM, Smith E, Hofman A, Moll HA, Jaddoe VWV, Witteman JCM. New charts for ultrasound dating of pregnancy and assessment of fetal growth: longitudinal data from a population-based cohort study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2008;13(4):388–396. doi: 10.1002/uog.

[3]. Treloar A, Behn BG, Cowan DW. Analysis of gestational interval. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1967;13:34–45.

[4]. Campbell S. The prediction of fetal maturity by ultrasonic measurement of the biparietal diameter. BJOG. 1969;13(7):603–609. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1969.tb06146.x.

[5]. Campbell S, Warsof SL, Little D, Cooper DJ. Routine ultrasound screening for the prediction of gestational age. Obstet Gynecol. 1985;13(5):613–620

Abstract: Introduction: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the frequency of Anatomical variations and congenital anomalies of the Extra Hepatic Biliary System encountered during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Material and Method: This study was conducted on diagnosed 100 patients of cholelithiasis at the Department of surgery ,Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore for a period of 1 year. Results and Conclusion: Congenital anomalies and anatomical variations of extra- hepatic biliary tree though are not common but can be of clinical importance and surprise if present. So every surgeon should assess for these anomalies during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

[1]. Nahrwold DL. The biliary system. In: Sabiston DC Text Book of Surgery. 13th ed. W.B. Saunders company Igaku - Shoin/Saunders 1986; 1128-36. Suhocki PV, Meyers WC. Injury to aberrant bile ducts during cholecystectomy: a common cause of diagnosed error and treatment delay. Am J Roentgenol 1999; 172: 955-59.
[2]. Marcos A. Right lobe living donor liver transplantation, a review. Liver Transpl 2000; 6:3-20.
[3]. Lamah M, Karanjia ND, Dickson GH. Anatomical variations of extrahepatic biliary tree: review of the world literature. Clin Anat 2001; 14: 167-72. Bayraktar Y, Balaban HY, Asalam S, Balkanci F. Agenesis of gallbladder and multiple anomalies of biliary tree in a patients with portal thrombosis: a case report. Turk J Gastroenterol 2006; 17: 212-15.
[4]. Yu J, Turner MA, Fulcher AS, Halvorsen RA. Congenital anomalies and normal variants of the pancreaticobiliary tract and the pancreas in adults: part-1, Biliary tract. Am J Roentgenol 2006; 187: 1536-43.
[5]. Carbajo MA, Martin del Orono JC, Balanco JI, CuestaC, Martin F, Toledano M, et al. Congenital malformations of gallbladder and cystic duct diagnosed by laparoscopy: high surgical risk. JSLS 1999; 3: 319-21.

Abstract: VATS is principally employed in the management of pulmonary, mediastinal, and pleural pathology. Its main benefit has been the avoidance of a thoracotomy incision, which allows a shorter operating time, less postoperative morbidity, and earlier return to normal activity than with thoracotomy.Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical (VATS) procedures are very safe and efficacious in paediatric patients of all age groups. Our study was undertaken to analyse the usefulness of thoracoscopy in Paediatric population in the management of various thoracic pathologies in relation to its feasibility,safety,efficacy and reliability and to compare its advantages over thoracotomy in relation to post operative pain.............

Keywords: decortication , empyema thoracis , esophageal atresia ,Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, VATS

[1]. Klimkovich, IG, Geldt, VG, Okulor, AB et al. Thoracoscopy in children. Khiruvgila (mosk) 47 : 19-24 1972
[2]. Klimkovich, IG, Geldt, VG, Okulor, AB et al. Thoracoscopy in children. Khiruvgila (mosk) 47 : 19-24 1972
[3]. Antony VB, Mohamed KA. Patho physiology of pleural space infections. Semin. Respiratory infection 1999, 14:9-7
[4]. Klena TW, Cameron BH, Langer JC et al; timing of video –assisted Thoracoscopic debridement for paediatric empyema. J. Am.
coll. suag 187:404-408, 1998
[5]. Clark RH, Hardia Jr WD, Hirschl RB et al, currant surgical Management of CDH. A report from CDH study group J. Paed.
Surgery 1998:33, 1004-9.

Abstract: Shift work is the integral part of many occupations. WHO listed shift wok that involves disruption of circadian disruption as a probablecarcinogen? Shift work increases the risk for the development of many health disorders e.g. Sleepdisruption, risk of diabetes,alteration of circadian rhythm,cardiovascular disease, metabolicdisorders, increased risk of breast cancer, stress, reproductive disorders and work place safety and errors. Shiftwork has no adverse effect on mortality. Melatonin may increase sleep length. Modanifil and MR-Modanifil are useful to improve alertness, reduce sleepiness in shift workers.............

Keywords: Shift work, Circadian rhythm, Cardiovascular disease, Gastrointestinal disease, Occupational stress..

[1]. Sloan Work & Family Research, Boston College. Shift Work,Definition(s) of.Retrieved 2014-09-25.
[2]. Alterman T,Luckhaupt SE,Dahlhamer JM,et al.Prevalence rates of work organization characteristics among workers in the U.S.Datafrom the 2010 National Health Services Survey.Am J Ind Med.2013;56(6):647-59
[3]. Liira J,Verbeek JH,Costa G,et al.Pharmacological interventions for sleepiness and sleep disturbances caused by shift work. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.2014;8:CD009776.
[4]. Ker Katherine,Edwards Philip James,Felix LM,et al.Caffeine for prevention of injuries and errors in shift workers. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for the prevention of injuries in shift workers. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2010;(5):CD008508.
[5]. Centers for Disease Conrol and Prevention.Short sleep duration among workers-United States,2010.MMWR 2012;61(16):281-85.PMID 22534760.

Abstract: Identification or identity helps us to determine the individuality of person, living or dead. Establishing the identity is of immense importance in forensic medicine. The spectrum of identity covers various aspects like physical, social, psychological, personal, sexual etc. In day to day life it is very simple to identify the person. But when it comes to court of law the complexity of the identification process increases. Most important use of fingerprints is in crime scene. To ascertain criminal liability, identification of victim, witness or suspect needs the help of fingerprint analysis..............

Keywords: Blood Group, Fingerprints, Forensic, Identity.

[1]. A Aggrawal A. Identification. In forensic medicine and toxicology. 1st ed. Sirmour: Avichal Publications. 2016. P. 43-4
[2]. Reddy LVK. Lip prints: An Overview in Forensic Dentistry. J Adv Dental Res. 2011;2(1):17-20.
[3]. Mada P, Soanker R. A cross sectional study on association of fingerprints with gender, blood group and handedness and its significance in establishment of identity. J Punjab Acad Forensic Med Toxicol 2016;16(2):121-5.
[4]. Rastogi P, Pillai KR. A study of fingerprints in relation to gender and blood group. J Indian Acad Forensic Med 2010; 32(1):11-14
[5]. Umadethan B. Medicolegal autopsy. In Principle and Practice of Forensic Medicine. 2nd ed. New Delhi. CBS pub. 2016. 33-4.

Abstract: In India, self-medication is an obvious choice with the risk of adverse drug reactions, drug resistance, disease hidden progress, and with raising morbidity or mortality as health care is relatively expensive and availability of prescription drugs as an OTC medication. We aimed to assess the practice of self medication, educate and curtail self-medication. A community-based survey was conducted among the age group of 16 – 60 year people who visits community pharmacies and students in Rajiv Gandhi institute of medical sciences, by using a well structured questionnaire............

Key words: Self-medication, Community-based, Questionnaire.

[1]. Darshana Bennadi, Self-medication: A current challenge, Journal of Basic and clinical Pharmacy, 5(1), 2014, 19-23.
[2]. Shuvashis Saha and Md.Tawhid Hossain, Evaluation of medicines dispensing pattern of private Pharmacies in Rajshahi,
Bangladesh, BMC Health Services Research, 17(136), 2017, 1-8.
[3]. FDA's OTC Active Ingredients list 2010, Available From:
https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/CDER/UCM135688.pdf. Accessed on: 24-03-2017.
[4]. Rajput MS, Mathur V, Yamini Satrawala, Veena Nair, Pharmacoepidemiological Study of Self-Medication in
[5]. Indore City, Indian journal of pharmacy practice, 3(1), Jan-Mar 2010, 25-30.

Abstract: Follicular changes studiedultrasonographically by Transabdominal as well as Transvaginal route during follicular monitoring in 81 patients of fertile age. These patients were referred for follicular monitoring in normal and stimulated cycles from infertility clinic. Patients' compliance and acceptance was excellent for TVS technique as compared to TAS technique. For follicles > 20 mm in size, no significant difference was noted in detection rate between TAS and TVS. However, in smaller follicles especially below 10 mm the TVS offered definite improvement in the detection rates..............

Keywords: Follicle,Ovulation,Ultrasound,TAS,TVS

[1]. Andrcotti R F, Thompson G H, Janowitz W, Shapiro A, Zusmer N R. Endovaginal and transabdominal sonography of ovarian follicles. J Ultrasound Med 1989; 8: 555-560. [2]. Ayush Goel , Praveen Jha; Follicular monitoring , Banglore ,India:2009. Available from: http://radiopaedia.org/articles/
[3]. Baerwald AR , Adams GP , Pierson RA: Characterization of Ovarian Follicular Wave Dynamics in Women., Canada: May 14, 2003. [4]. Belaisch-Allart J, Dufetre C, Allart JP, De Monzon J. Comparison of transvaginal and transabdominal ultrasound for monitoring follicular development in an in-vitro fertilisation programe. Hum Reprod. 1991;6:688–9.
[5]. Berek JS: Basic principles, Berek & Novak Gynecology 14th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, United States of America:2007;pp.172-184.

Abstract: Aims: The aim of the study is to determine efficacy of homemade toothpaste in plaque removal of children in Udaipur city. Material and method:- 30 children including boys and girls with the age of 8 and 12 years were selected for this study and randomly divided into 2 groups. Group A: children who were prepared to brush their teeth by homemade toothpaste. Group B: children who were prepared to brush their teeth by commercial toothpaste. The evaluation of score was done on the entire dentition or on selected teeth. Only the plaque of the cervical third of the tooth was evaluated by using disclosing solution. Result: On intra-group comparison, a significant reduction in plaque scores was obtained in the first week itself...............

Key words: Homemade toothpaste and commercial toothpaste, sillness and loe plaque index,plaque of cervical third of tooth.

[1]. Peedikayil.F C, Sreenivasan.P, Narayanan.A . Effect Of Coconut Oil In Plaque Related Gingivitis —A Preliminary Report.J Nigerian Medical 2015;56(2):143-147.
[2]. Newman M.G,Takie H.H,Carranza F.A Textbook Of Clinical Periodontology 9th Edition:1-1032
[3]. Srinivasa.S, Nandlal.B, K. T. Srilatha. A Comparative Evaluation Of A Commercially Available Herbal And Non-Herbal Dentifrice On Dental Plaque And Gingivitis In Children-A Residential School-Based Oral Health Programme. J. Dent. Oral Hyg.2011;3(8):109-113.
[4]. Radafshar.G, Mahboob.F, Kazemnejad.E. A Study To Assess The Plaque Inhibitory Action Of Herbal-Based Toothpaste: A Double Blind Controlled Clinical Trial. Journal Of Medicinal Plants Research.2010;4(12):1182-1186.
[5]. Souza Schroeder.MD, Ulema Ribeiro G.L. Evaluation Of Periodontal Index Of Gingival And Plaque With Dental Crowding In Development Of Gingivits In Children And Adolescents.2004;1(1):17-21.

Abstract: Objective: To determine the clinical radiography student's level of knowledge, perception, and attitudes, towards Ebola Virus Disease. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using eligible and consented 80 respondents who were radiography students in their clinical phase with 30-item questionnaires, validity and reliability were obtained. The data was analyzed using Epi info version 3.5.4 where descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage were obtained. Results: Findings show that 8.8% (n=7) of respondents are below the age of 20 years, 72.5% (n=58) are between 21-30 years of age while 18% (n=15) are between 31-40 years. Generally, respondents good high knowledge on the nature 87.5% (n=70) and fatal rate 93.7% (n=75) of Ebola disease..............

Key Words: Knowledge, Perception, Attitude, and Ebola virus disease.

[1]. Peters CJ. An Introduction to Ebola: The Virus and the Disease. Journ. Infect. Dis. 2014; 179 (1):Pp.ix-xvi. Doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/514322
[2]. WHO Statement on the Meeting of the International Health Regulations Emergency Committee Regarding the 2014 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa. Available at[http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2014/ebola-20140808/en/] [Accessed Oct., 2015]
[3]. Pattyn S., Van Der Groen G., Jacob W., Piot P. Isolation of Marburg-like Virus from a Case of Haemorrhagic Fever in Zaire. Lancet. 2013; 1:Pp.573-574
[4]. Kuiken T., Fouchier RA, Schutten M., Rimmelzwan GF., Van-Amerongen G., Van-Riel., Laman JD, De-Jong T., Van-Doornum G., Lim W., Ling AE., Chan PK., Tam JS., Zambon MC., Gopal R., Drosten C., Van Der Werf., Escriou N., Manuguerra JC, Stohr K., Peiris JS., Osterhaus AD. Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Lancet. 2003;362(9380):Pp.263-270
[5]. Kondekar RR., Meshram SM., Gohane SA. A Review on Ebola Virus. IAJPR. 2015; 5(1):Pp.277-284

Abstract: Background: Sarcomas are neoplasms arising from the mesodermal tissue and constitute < 1% of body tumors. Of these,only 5-15% occur in the head and neck region. Among these osteosarcomas are the most common. They are difficult to treat due to their aggressiveness, propensity for recurrence and their proximity to vital anatomical structures. There is no general consensus on the adjuvant modality of management. Methods: 10 patients with head and neck osteosarcoma, surgically treated at our institute from 2000 to 2016 were reviewed retrospectively...............

Keywords: Craniofacial osteogenic sarcoma, Gnathic tumours ,Osteosarcoma, ,Jaw tumours

[1]. Thiele OC, Freier K, Bacon C, Egerer G, Hofele CM. Interdisciplinary combined treatment of craniofacial osteosarcoma with neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy and excision of the tumour: a retrospective study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008;46(7):533–536. [2]. Mardinger O, Givol N, Talmi YP, Taicher S. Osteosarcoma of the jaw. The Chaim Sheba Medical Center experience. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod.2001;91(4):445–451
[3]. Garrington GE, Scofield HH, Cornyn J, Hooker SP. Osteosarcoma of jaws, analysis of 56 cases. Cancer. 1967;20:377–91.
[4]. J. H. Bennett, G. Thomas, A. W. Evans, and P. M. Speight, "Osteosarcoma of the jaws: a 30-year retrospective review," Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 323–333, 2000. View
[5]. Rajendran R. Benign and Malignant tumors of the oral cavity. In: Rajendran R, Sivapathasundharam B, editors. Shafer's textbook of Oral Pathology. India: Elsevier, a Division of Reed Elsevier India Private Limited; 2006. pp. 113–308.

Abstract: Introduction: Granular cell tumor is a soft tissue neoplasm that originates in the nervous system and arises at virtually any body site, but is mainly found in the skin, oral cavity or digestive tract. It is an uncommon benign hamartomatous lesion also known as Abrikossof tumor. This mesenchymal neoplasm apparently arises from neural or Schwann cell origin with benign and malignant forms. Presentation Of A Case A thirty year old male patient presented with a swelling on the dorsal surface of tongue, since one year with gradual increase in size. On examination, well defined nodular growth, firm in consistency, non pedunculated and surface of swelling was smooth..............

[1]. Abrikossoff Uber Myome ausgehend von der quergestreiften Willkürlichen muskulatur Virchows Arch Pathol Anat, 260 (1) (1926), pp. 215–233
[2]. Collins BM, Jones AC. Multiple granular cell tumors of the oral cavity: report of a case and review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1995; 53:707-11.
[3]. Wright: Chapter in book: Weiss SW, Goldblum JR. Granular cell tumor In: Enzinger and Weiss's (2001) soft tissue tumors. 4th ed. St Louis, Mo Mosby; 2001. p. 1178–87.
[4]. Daniels JS. Granular cell tumor of tongue: A case report. Saudi Dent J 2009;21:75-8.
[5]. Sposto MR, Navarro, CM, de Andrade CR. Granular cell tumor (abrikossof tumor): Case report. Oral Oncol Extra 2006;42:194-7.

Abstract: Surgery of oral cavity cancers is often extensive requiring complex reconstructive procedures which affect functions of speech and swallowing.The aim of the present study was to assess speech and swallowing outcome after various surgeries for oral cavity cancers in an objective manner.This is a retrospective study of 31 patients with oral cavity cancers who underwent surgery in our hospital. Swallowing assessment was performed by video fluoroscopy using barium. Speech was assessed objectively for both articulation and intelligibility .The average interval between surgery and evaluation was 8 months..............

Keywords: Dysphagia , functional outcomes, oral resections , speech, swallowing,

[1]. Objective Assessment of Swallowing Function After Definitive Concurrent (Chemo)radiotherapy in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Jaiprakash Agarwal • Vijay Palwe • Debnarayan Dutta • Tejpal Gupta •Dysphagia (2011) 26:399 406

[2]. Speech and Swallowing Impairment After Treatment for Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer FREEMaria-Mercedes Suarez-Cunqueiro, DDS, PhD; Alexander Schramm, DDS, MD, PhD; Ralf Schoen, DDS, MD,PhD Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;134(12):1299-1304. doi:10.1001/archotol.134.12.129

[3]. Predictors of speech and swallowing function following primary surgery for oral and oropharyngeal cancer Zuydam, A.C.,* Lowe, D.,† Brown, J.S.,‡ Vaughan, E.D.,‡ & Rogers, S.N., Clin. Otolaryngol. 2005, 30, 428–437

[4]. Swallowing Outcomes After Microvascular Head and Neck Reconstruction: A Prospective Review of 191 Cases Samir S. Khariwala, MD; Prashant P. Vivek, MD; Robert R. Lorenz, MD; Ramon M. Esclamado, MD; Laryngoscope, 117:1359–1363, 2007 [5]. Analysis of swallowing afterretromolar or oropharynx resection and reconstruction with myocutaneous or microvascular free flaps Anna Karinne C. Bandeira1 , Maria de Fátima G.G. Tomazelli2 ,Luciana P. do Vale-Prodomo1 Applied Cancer ResearchFAQ Vol 27, No 1(2007).

Abstract: Background:Diode laser has become an important alternative technique for surgical treatment of oral lesions. Case report. It is reported a 73-years-old female patient case diagnosed of epulis fissuratum that was treated with FOX® diode laser. Re-evaluation showed an appropriate healing with a total removal of the lesion. Discussion:Diode laser can be used for the removal of soft tissue oral lesions with very good results due to its numerous advantages.

Keywords: Diode laser, soft tissues, oral cavity, oral surgery.

[1]. Asnaashari M, Zadsirjan S. Application of laser in oral surgery. J Lasers Med Sci. 2014; 5: 97-107.
[2]. Deppe H, Horch HH. Laser applications in oral surgery and implant dentistry. Lasers Med Sci. 2007; 22: 217 -21.
[3]. Azma E, Safavi N. Diode laser application in soft tissue oral surgery. J Lasers Med Sci. 2013; 4: 206-11.
[4]. Desiate A, Cantore S, Tullo D, Profeta G, Grassi FR, Ballini A. 980 nm diode lasers in oral and facial practice: current state of the
science and art. Int J Med Sci. 2009;6:358-64.
[5]. D'Arcangelo C, Di Nardo Di Maio F, Prosperi GD, Conte E, Baldi M, Caputi S. A preliminary study of healing of diode laser versus scalpel incisions in rat oral tissue: a comparison of clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical results. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007; 103: 764-73.

Abstract: Aim: To estimate the influence of green tea on haemoglobin. Background: Green tea, recently has become of of the most common natural health drinks in the market. Although it is flied with life-giving antioxidants, most people are unaware of the compounds like tannin and .... which is known to hinder with regular iron absorption. Iron is one of the most essential metals, required for the normal functioning of the body. A reduction in the iron content could lead to anaemia, weakness and various other health issues. Reason: As the popularity of tea is constantly increasing, awareness needs to be made about the negative effects of it.

Keywords: 'iron', 'tannins', 'polyphenols' 'supplements'.

[1]. Cabrera C, Artacho R, Giménez R. Beneficial effects of green tea: a review. J Am Coll Nutr. 2006;25:79–99. [PubMed]
[2]. Dattner, Christine; Boussabba, Sophie (2003). Emmanuelle Javelle, ed. The Book of Green Tea. Universe Books. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-7893-0853-5.
[3]. Japanese Green Tea Online.com. http://www.japanesegreenteaonline.com
[4]. Weisburger JH. Approaches for chronic disease prevention based on current understanding of underlying mechanisms. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71(6):1710S–1714S. [PubMed]
[5]. Sato T, Miyata G. The nutraceutical benefit, part I: green tea. Nutrition. 2000;16:315–317. doi: 10.1016/S0899-9007(99)00301-9. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]5

Abstract: Lasers have been used for many years in implant dentistry. In some indications, laser treatment has become state of the art as compared to conventional techniques. The use of surgical lasers has been advocated to aid in the placement and second stage recovery of dental implants, together with soft tissue contouring. In addition, laser use has been suggested as an aid in decontamination of the implant surface in cases of peri-implantitis. Lasers also have helped clinicians to overcome several complications and patient's discomfort. Today, many types of lasers wavelengths are available for clinical usage. The aim of this article is to introduce the reader to laser application in implant dentistry and address many of the advantages of this type of treatment. This article is a comprehensive review of new laser applications in implant dentistry.

Key Words: Lasers, implants, osteotomy, laser welding.

[1]. Cranin AN, Klein M, Simons A. Atlas of oral implantology. 2nd edition. St. Louis (MO): Mosby; 1999. p. vii.
[2]. Goldberg NI, Gershkoff A. The implant lower denture. Dent Abstr 1949;55:490–3. [3]. Branemark PI, Zarb GA, Albrektsson T. Tissue-integrated prostheses: osseointegration in clinical dentistry. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing; 1985.
[4]. Walsh LJ. The current status of laser applications in dentistry. Aust Dent J 2003;48(3):146–55.
[5]. Maiman T. Stimulated optical radiation in ruby. Nature 1960;187:493–4.

Abstract: Of the many complications of a ventral hernia, spontaneous rupture is seldom encountered. It is more common among cirrhotics and is extremely rare otherwise, with few documented cases. A 45 year old lady with a long standing incisional hernia with COPD sustained spontaneous rupture with herniation of ileal loops and complete transection at distal ileum. Patient required ileal resection and primary closure was possible .She improved well was tolerating oral feeds and was ambulating by eleventh post operative day. Our case was complicated by a spontaneous transection, an extremely rare and unique scenario.

Keywords: Complication, Hernia, Spontaneous rupture, Ventral, Incisional

[1]. Von Helwig H. Uber sonenannte spontaneous rupture von hernien. Schweiz med wschr 1958;88:662–6
[2]. Hartely RC. Spontaneous rupture of incisional hernia. Br J surg 1961;49:617–18
[3]. Hamilton RW. Spontaneous rupture of incisional hernia. Br J Surg 1966;53:477–79
[4]. Aggarwal P K. Spontaneous rupture of incisional hernia. Br J Clin Pract 1986;40:443–4
[5]. Singla SL, Kalra U, Singh B, et al. Ruptured incisional hernia. Trop Doct 1997;27:112–13