iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-2017

Abstract: Background: Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of disease, characterized by a state of chronic hyperglycemia , resulting from a diversity of etiologies, genetic and environmental factors acting jointly. Glycated heamoglobin (HbA1c) is considered a gold-standard measure of chronic glycaemia in diabetic patients. HbA1c is a main indicator for mean blood glucose level. Dyslipidemia especially high LDL, is common in diabetes mellitus and strongly associated with poor glycaemia control.

Keywards: type 2 diabetes mellitus, HbA1c, lipid profile

[1]. Lt Gen SR Mehta, VSM, Col AS Kashyap, Lt Col S Das. Diabetes Mellitus in India: The Modern Scourge. MJAFI 2009;65:50-4.
[2]. Surekha Rani. H, Madhavi G, RamachandraRao V,Sahay B.K, Jyothy A. Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease in Type II DM. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry 2005;20(2):75-80.
[3]. Zachary T,Bloomgarden. Cardiovascular Disease, Neuropathy and Retinopathy.Diabetes care 2009;32: e64- e 68.
[4]. Chambless LE, Heiss G, Folsom AR, Rosamond W,Szklo M, Sharrett AR, Clegg LX. Association of coronary heart disease incidence with carotid arterial wall thickness and major risk factors: the Atherosclerosis Mahantesh Patil et. al. Int J Cur Res Rev, March 2014/ Vol 06 (06) Page 24 Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 1987– 1993. Am J Epidemiol 1997;146:483–94.
[5]. Burtis Carl A, Ashwood Edward R, Bruns David E.Tietz Textbook of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 4th Ed. New dehli: Elsevier publishers; 2008. Chapter 26,Lipids, lipopropteins, apolipoproteins and other cardiovascular risk factors: p. 903-83.

Abstract: The development of bioactive surgical additives to regulate the inflammation and increase the speed of healing rocess is one of the great challenges in clinical research. Platelets are known to release several growth factors which stimulate tissue regeneration. Several techniques of platelet concentrates have been introduced in surgical field for the prevention of hemorrhage and acceleration of tissue regeneration. This review article focuses on the development of various platelet concentrates, their fabrication procedure, advantages and disadvantages for use in regenerative surgery and healing process..

Keywords: Platelet concentrates, Growth factors, Tissue regeneration, Regenerative surgery

[1]. Giannini S, Cielo A, Bonanome L, Rastelli C, Derla C, Corpaci F, Falisi G. Comparison between PRP, PRGF, and PRF: lights and shadows in three similar but different protocols. Eur Rew Med Pharmacol Sci. 2015; 19: 927-930.
[2]. Kumar AP, Reddy GV, Babu PR, Reddy GJ. Platelet rich fibrin – A second regeneration platelet concentrate and advances in PRF. Indian J Dent Adv. 2015; 7(4): 251-254. [3]. Gassling VL, Açil Y, Springer IN, Hubert N, Wiltfang J. Platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin in human culture. Oral Surg, Oral Med , Oral Pathol, Oral Radiol Endod. 2009; 108(1): 48-55.
[4]. Clark RA. Fibrin and wound healing. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001; 936: 355-67.

[5]. Nikolidakis D, Jansen JA. The biologymbulatory Anesthesia in Deficiency Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The Internet Journal of Anesthesiology. 2006 ;11: 1-4.

Abstract: Nutraceuticals' refer to food or parts of foods that provide medical or health benefits including prevention and treatment of disease. Nutraceuticals are increasingly being prescribed in day to day practice. There is a dearth of studies outlining the use and prescription of nutraceuticals in the Indian population. This pilot study aims at assessing the knowledge, attitude and practices among registered medical practitioners at a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India............

Keywords: Medical Practitioners, Nutraceuticals, Questionnaire

[1]. Ramaa CS, Shirode AR, Mundada AS, Kadam VJ. Nutraceuticals – Role of nutraceuticals in human health-An emerging trend in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2006 Feb;7(1):15-23.
[2]. Das L, Bhaumik E, Raychaudhuri U, Chakraborty R. Role of nutraceuticals in human health. Journal of food science and technology. 2012;49(2):173-183. doi:10.1007/s13197-011-0269-4.
[3]. Kalra EK. Nutraceutical - Definition and introduction. AAPS PharmSci. 2003;5:E25
[4]. Chauhan B, Kumar G, Kalam N, Ansari SH. Current concepts and prospects of herbal nutraceutical: A review. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research. 2013;4(1):4-8. doi:10.4103/2231-4040.107494.
[5]. Nasri H, Baradaran A, Shirzad H, Rafieian-Kopaei M. New Concepts in Nutraceuticals as Alternative for Pharmaceuticals. International Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2014;5(12):1487-1499..

Abstract: Good relaxation is required in abdominal surgeries. Continuous infusion of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents with TOF monitoring helps to maintain constant serum levels and a stable paralysis state. We conducted an observational study in 50 ASA I and II patients, between 18–65 years undergoing elective abdominal surgeries after ethics committee approval. Aims And Objectives: Dose of Vecuronium required by continuous infusion. Spontaneous recovery time, quality of muscle relaxation.............

Keywords: Abdominal surgery,continuous infusion, Relaxation, TOF .vecuronium

[1]. Matias Vested Madsen, Susanne Scheppan, Peter Kissmeyer, Emilie Mørk, Jacob Rosenberg,Mona Ring Gätke. Neuromuscular blockade for improvement Of surgical conditions during laparotomy: Protocol for a randomised study. Dan Med J 62/10 , October 2015.
[2]. W Buzello and G Noldge. Repititive administration of pancuronium and vecuronium (Org NC 45, Norcuron) in patients undergoing long lasting operation. British Journal Anaesthesiology. 1982; 54 : 1151–1156.
[3]. Savage D, Sleigh T, Carlyle I. The emergence of ORG NC 45, 1–[2 beta, 3 beta, 5 alpha, 16 beta, 17 beta–3, 17–bis(acetyloxyl)–2–(1–piparidinyl)–androstan–16–yl]–1–methylpiperidinium bromide, from the pharmacokinetic series. British Journal Anaesthesiology. 1980; 52(suppl 1) : 3–9.
[4]. Cannon JE, Fahey MR, Castagnoli KP, Furuta T, Canfell PC, Sharma M, Miller RD. Continuous infusion of vecuronium : the effect of anesthetic agents. Anesthesiology. 1987 Oct; 67(4) : 503–506.
[5]. Alan F. Merry, FANZCA,1,2 Jeffrey B. Cooper, PhD,3 Olaitan Soyannwo, MMed,4 Iain H. Wilson, FRCA,5 and John H. Eichhorn, MD6International Standards for a Safe Practice of Anesthesia 2010 Can J hn Anaesth. 2010 Nov; 57(11): 1027–1034

Abstract: NSAIDs are the most commonly used drugs in the treatment of pain of different types. Aspirin, Ibuprofen and diclofenac are the most common NSAIDS associated with angioedema. Angioedema is a rare adverse effect occurring with an incidence of 0.1 to 0.3 % 1and incidence increases with age. Early recognition and discontinuation of the drug is important. Anti-histamines and corticosteroids are used in the management of urticarial angioedema.

Keywords: Diclofenac, NSAIDS, Angioedema.

[1]. Konokvalai Kulthanan et al. Angioedema:clinical and etiological Aspects: Clinical and Developmental Immunology .doi:10.1155/2007/26438.
[2]. Kaplan AP,Greaves MW." Angioedema",Journal of the American Academy Of Dermatology.2005;53[3}:373-388.
[3]. Arnon B. Angioedema-Induced by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. J Clin Case Rep 2012;2(10):153.
[4]. Deepalatha c,raja vikram prasad, satish chandra,p. murali mohan, vijaya lakshmi, Diclofenac-induced urticaria in paediatric patient,,asian journal of pharmaceutical and clinical research. vol 6, suppl 3, 2013 issn - 0974-2441.
[5]. Hedar A, Holcberg G, Mazor M. Anaphylactic shock after diclofenac sodium (volteran). Harefuah ., 2000; 138(3): 211-12.

Abstract: Aim: To compare ultrasonic placental grading in hypertension in pregnancy with normotensive pregnancy and correlate with foetal outcome. Material And Method: In this prospective study 200 pregnant patients were selected from indoor and outdoor Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 100 pregnant patients with pre-eclampsia were selected as study group and 100 normotensive pregnant patients as control group. Result: In the study group 3%, 54% and 43% women had placental grades I, II & III respectively as against 8%, 61% and 31% of the control group women respectively. Preterm delivery <37 weeks gestational age was 28% in study group and 15% in control group. However grade III changes in <37 weeks gestational age in study group was 23.3% and 9.7% in control group. In >37 weeks gestational............

[1]. Arshad A, Pasha W, Khattak T and Kiyani RB. Impact of pregnancy induced hypertension on birth weight of newborn at term. Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College (JRMC); 2011; 15 (2): 113-115.
[2]. Menon KMR, Devi PK, Rao BK. Postgraduate Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 4th edition.
[3]. Machin GA, Ackerman J and Gilbert-Barness E (2000) abnormal umbilical cord coiling is associated with adverse perinatal outcome. Paediatric and development pathology, 3: 465-471.
[4]. Valsamakis G, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Malamitsi-Puchnu A and Mastorkas G (2006) causes of intrauterine growth restriction and postnatal development of the metabolic syndrome. Annuals of the New York academy of sciences, 1092: 138-147.
[5]. Van Den Broek, N-Ntonya, C-Kayira, E-White et al 2005 preterm birth in rural Malawi, high incidence in ultrasound dated population. Human reproduction, 20: 3235-3237.

Abstract: The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of TMJ disorders among the group of individuals who are undergoing orthodontic treatment. The sample comprised 100 individuals (59 males and 41 females) are divided into groups according to malocclusion (class I and II). An anamnestic questionnaire, comprising questions regarding the most frequent symptoms of TMJ disorders, was used to classify the samples according to the TMD (TMJ disorders) presence and severity. A clinical examination, including TMJ and muscle palpation and joint noise analysis was performed.

Keywords: TMJ disorders, orthodontic treatment, TMD prevalence malocclusion

[1]. Relationship Between Signs and Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders and Orthodontic Treatment: A Cross-sectional Study. Ana Conti, DDS, MS a ; Marcos Freitas, DDS, PhD b ; Paulo Conti, DDS, PhD c ; Jose ́ Henriques, DDS, PhD d ; Guilherme Janson, DDS, PhD
[2]. 1. Okeson JP. Orofacial Pain. Guidelines for Assessment, Diagnosis and Management. Chicago, Ill: Quintessence Pub; 1996:113–
184. 2. Costen JB. A syndrome of ear sinus symptoms dependent upon
[3]. Disturbed functions of TMJ. Ann Otol (St Louis). 1934;43:1–15. 3. Costen JB. Neuralgias and ear symptoms associated with disturbed function of the TMJ. J Am Med Assoc. 1936;107:252–254
[4]. Wyatt WE. Preventing adverse effects on the temporomandibular joint through orthodontic treatment. Am J OrthodDentofacial Orthop. 1987;91:493–499.
[5]. Nielsen L, Melsen B, Terp S. TMJ function and the effects on the masticatory system on 14–16-year-old Danish children in relation to orthodontic treatment. Eur Orthod. 1990;12:254–262.

Abstract: The risks of transmitting HIV infection in blood transfusion can be reduced by improved donor selection and improved method of screening, which is able to reduce the diagnostic window between the time of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and laboratory diagnosis. Fourth-generation Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the combine detection of HIV antigen and antibody were compared to Rapid assays which detect antibody only. A total of 300 negative sera collected from four different hospitals were rescreened using ELISA, out of which 12 of the negative sera tested positive.............

Keywords: Elisa Assay, Blood Transfusion, Comparison, Rapid Screening

[1]. Dhingra N, Lloyd SE, Fordham J, Amin, NA. Challenges in global blood safety. World Hospitals Health Serv. 2004; 40(1):45-9, 51, 52.
[2]. Klein, HG. Will Blood Transfusion Ever Be Safe Enough? Journal of the American Medical Association; 2000; 284:238-240.
[3]. Improving blood safety worldwide. Lancet editorial 2007; 370 www.thelancet.com
[4]. WHO 2010. Screening Donated Blood for Transfusion-Transmissible Infections. www.who.int/diagnostics_laboratory/publications/evaluations/ en/index.html
[5]. UNAID 1997. Impact of HIV and Sexual Health Education on the Sexual Behaviour of Young People: A Review Update. data.unaids.org/publications/IRC-pub01/jc010-impactyoungpeople_en.pdf

Abstract: Microbiological growth media developed from legumes as sources of protein hydrolysates was studied. This study was aimed at producing protein hydrolysates from Prosopis africana seed that could be used as a substitute to animal peptone for microbial culture. Prosopis africana seeds (2.5 kg) were obtained from a local market andselected seeds were washed with distilled water and boiled until the seed coats became soft. The softened seed coats were peeled off to obtain cotyledons which were washed, dried and powdered. The powdered cotyledon was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using papain, or acid hydrolysis using hydrochloric acid. Amino acid analysis was done using HPLC.............

Keywords: Prosopis africana, hydrolysates, peptone, growth media

[1]. Agboola DA. Prosopis africana (Mimosaceae): Stem, root and seeds in the economy of the savanna areas of Nigeria. J. Econ Bot.
(2005); 58:S34-S42.
[2]. Adenike AO, Ogunshe MO, Ayansina ADV. Micro-organisms associated with natural fermentation of Prosopis africana seeds for
the production of okpeye. Park JournalNutr(2007); 6: 620-627.
[3]. Baker FJ, Sliverton RE, Pallister, CJ. Microbiological Techniques:Introduction to Medical Laboratory Nigeria Edition. WB
Saunder(2001) :317-319.
[4]. Hurst CJ, Knudsen GR, McInerney M, Stetzenbach L, Walter MV. Manual of Environmental Microbiology. American Society for
Microbiology Press, USA.(1997).
[5]. Green JH,Paskell SL, Goldsmintz D. Fish peptones for microbial media developed from red lake and fishery by-products. J Food
Protect(1996); 40:181-186.

Abstract: The concept of immediate implant placement has become populardue to less trauma, reduced overall treatment time, decreased patient's anxiety and discomfort, high patient acceptance and better function, and esthetics.Removal of molar teeth provides a challenging and intriguing dilemma due to multiple root morphology. In cases of extraction and immediate placement of dental implants in the molar region preserving alveolar bone is necessary in aiding in osseointergration. Minimal alveolar bone removal should be considered and attained to provide an acceptable surgical site for successful placement of the dental implant.............

Keywords: Guided surgery, immediate placement, implants bed preparation.

[1]. Schulte W, Heimke G. The Tübinger immediate implant. Quintessenz 1976;27:17–23.
[2]. Schulte W, Kleineikenscheidt H, Lindner K, Schareyka R. The Tübingen immediate implant in clinical studies [in German]. Dtsch Zahnarztl Z 1978;33:348–359.
[3]. Becker W, Becker BE, Polizzi G, Bergstrom C. Autogenous bone grafting of bone defects adjacent to implants placed into immediate extraction sockets in patient: a prospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1994: 9: 389–396.
[4]. Becker W, Dahlin C, Becker BE, Lekholm U, van Steenberghe D, Higuchi K, Kultje C. The use of e-PTFE barrier membranes for bone promotion around titanium implants placed into extraction sockets: a prospective multicenter study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1994: 9: 31–40.
[5]. Becker W, Sennerby L, Bedrossian E, Becker BE, Lucchini JP. Implant stability measurements for implants placed at the time of extraction: a cohort, prospective clinical trial. J Periodontol 2005: 76: 391–397.

Abstract: Background: Hernia is one of the most common surgical conditions encountered in day to day practice. It is a common problem, more in industrial workers who are doing strenuous work over a long period of time. Any method which reduces the recurrence rate as well as lowers the morbidity and post-operative complication rate, must however be considered superior. The common aim in treatment of hernia is to restore the anatomical integrity of the disrupted tissue, performing a strong repair and to prevent further recurrences. Material and methods: This review was based on the study of 80 selected cases of uncomplicated inguinal hernias treated in our institution by random sampling. All the patients were investigated pre-operative check-up in out-patient clinic for planned surgery. All patients were admitted..............

Keywords: Inguinal hernia, Shouldice repair of hernia, Bassini's repair, Pre-peritoneal mesh repair, Lichtenstein tension-free repair.

[1]. Ashindoitiang JA, Ibrahim NA, Akinlolu OO. Risk factors for inguinal hernia in adult male Nigerians: a case control study. Int J Surg., 2012; 10: 364-7.
[2]. Amato B, Moja L, Panico S, Persico G, Rispoli C, Rocco N, Moschetti I. Shouldice technique versus other open techniques for inguinal hernia repair. Cochrane Database Syst Rev., 2012; 4: CD001543.
[3]. Economopoulos KJ, Milewski MD, Hanks JB, Hart JM, Diduch DR. Sports hernia treatment: modified bassini versus minimal repair. Sports Health, 2013; 5: 463-9.
[4]. Maw A. Peer review report on Long- term outcome for open preperitoneal mesh repair of recurrent inguinal hernia. Int J Surg., 2015; 30: 13.
[5]. Rönkä K, et al. Randomized Multicenter Trial Comparing Glue Fixation, Self- gripping Mesh, and Suture Fixation of Mesh inLichtenstein Hernia Repair (FinnMesh Study). Ann Surg., 2015; 262: 714-20.

Abstract: To study the safety of cholecystectomy during the index admission following acute gall stone pancreatitis. Six patients of cholecysto-pancreatitis underwent Lap cholecystectomy during 1 year period w.e.f. oct 2015 to sept. 2016. Initial two cases underwent interval cholecystectomy (IC), while subsequent 4 cases early cholecystectomy (EC). There was no conversion or bile duct injury. Early cholecystectomy following acute gallstone pancreatitis was found to be a safe procedure when performed during index admission.

Keywords: Gallstone pancreatitis, Early cholecystectomy, Interval cholecystectomy.

[1]. Yada D, Lowenfels AB. Trends in the epidemiology of the first attack of acute pancreatitis: a systemic review. Pancreas 2006; 33 : 323-330
[2]. Hernandez V, Pascual I, Almela P et al. Recurrence of acute gall stone pancreatitis and relationship with cholecystectomy or endoscopic sphincterotomy. Am J Gastroenterol 2004; 99 : 2417-2423
[3]. Kasimu H, Jakai T, Quilong C, Jielile J. A brief evaluation for pre-estimating the severity of gall stone pancreatitis. J O P 2009; 10 : 147-151.
[4]. Ranson J H, Rifkind KM, Roses DF, Fink S P, Eng K, Spencer F C. Prognostic sign's and the role of operative management in acute pancreatitis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1974; 139: 69-81.
[5]. Rouf Gul, Rayees Ahmad Dar, Riyaz Ahmad Sheikh, Nazir Ahmad Salroo, Adnan Rashid Matoo, and Sabiya Hamid Wani. : Comparison of early and delayed Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis : Experience from a single center. N Am J Med Sci. 2013 july; 5(7): 414-418.

Abstract: Undescended testes can be found in the inguinal canal or in the abdomen. Rarely, undescended testes can present with transverse testicular ectopia (TTE). Crossed testicular ectopia or transverse testicular ectopia is a rare entity.About a little more than 100 cases are reported in literature. It is one of the well-known congenital anomalies, in which both gonads migrate toward the same hemiscrotum, usually associated with some other abnormalities such as persistent Mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS), true hermaphroditism, inguinal hernia, hypospadias, pseudohermaphroditism, and scrotal anomalies............

Keywords: Testis, undescended testis, cryptorchidism, testicular ectopia

[1]. Von Lenhossek MN. Ectopia testis transversa.AnatAnz. 1886;1:376–381.
[2]. Fourcroy JL, Belman AB. Transverse testicular ectopia with persistent Müllerian duct. Urology. 1982;19(5):536–538. doi: 10.1016/0090-4295(82)90614-8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0090-4295(82)90614-8. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
[3]. Berg AA. Transverse ectopy of the testis. Ann Surg. 1904;40:223–224. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
[4]. Kimura T. Transverse ectopy of the testis with masculine uterus. Ann Surg. 1918;68(4):420–425. doi: 10.1097/00000658-191810000-00009. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000658-191810000-00009. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
[5]. Gupta RL, Das P. Ectopia testis transversa. J Indian Med Assoc. 1960;16:35:547–549. [PubMed]

Abstract: Urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) is found to be the most promising indicator for confirmation of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. It is also known that the increased excretion of urine microalbumin is associated with high risk of cardiovascular diseases. The present study was aimed to attain the association of BMI, FBG, HbA1c, cardiovascular markers, urine creatinine & urine microalbumin, and also to find out the cut off points of these markers for the prediction of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients. We included 110 type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients and 110 healthy age and gender matched healthy controls. The value of BMI, and levels of FBG, triglycerides, VLDL cholesterol, urine creatinine and urine microalbumin..............

Keywords: Albumin to creatinine ratio, cardiovascular disease, triglycerides (TGs), type 2 diabetic nephropathy

[1]. Deshpande AD, Hayes MH, Schootman M: Epidemiology of diabetes and diabetes-related complications. Phys Ther. 2008;
88(11):1254–1264.
[2]. Evans TC, Capell P: Diabetic nephropathy. Clinical Diabetes, 2000; 18(1):7-16
[3]. Jalal DI, Maahs DM, Hovind P, Nakagawa T: Uric acid as a mediator of diabetic nephropathy. Semin Nephrol. 2011; 31(5):459–
465
[4]. Narres M, Claessen H, Droste S, Kvitkina T, Koch M, Kuss O et al.: The incidence of end-stage renal disease in the diabetic
(compared to the non-diabetic) population: A Systematic Review. PLOS ONE, 2016; 11(1):e0147329
[5]. Cade WT: Diabetes-related microvascular and macrovascular diseases in the physical therapy setting. Phys Ther. 2008;
88(11):1322–1335.

Abstract: Acute Appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies in clinical practice with estimated life time prevalence approximately 1 in 7.[1] The incidence is 1.5 to 1.9 per 1000 and is approximately 1.4 times greater in men then in women. [2] Aim: This study was undertaken to compare Alvarado and RIPASA score to diagnose acute appendicitis ,to know the efficacy of individual score for early diagnosis of acute appendicitis. to improve the diagnostic criteria for acute appendicitis Material and Methods: The comparative study of two scores in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis involved 200 patients admitted in teaching hospital...........

[1]. Stephens PL and Mazzuco JJ. Comparison of ultrasound and the Alvarado score for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Conn Med 1999;63:137-40.
[2]. Cuschieri A. The small intestine and vermiform appendix. In: Cuschieri A, G R Giles, A R s

[3]. Peterson MC, Holbrook JH, Hales D, Smith NL, Staker LV. Contributions of history, physical examination and laboratory investigations in making medical diagnosis. West J Med. 1992;156(2):163-5.
[4]. Lau WY, Ho YC, Chu KW, Yeung C. Leucocyte count and neutrophil percentage in appendicectomy for suspected appendicitis. Aust N Z J Surg. 1989;59(5):395-8.
[5]. Alvarado A. A practical score for early diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Ann Emerg Med. 1986;15:557-64.

Abstract: Background. Angelman syndrome (AS) is a genetic disease whose incidence varies from one in 10.000 to one in 40.000 newborns. Clinically, it is characterized by a severe growth delay, speech alterations, ataxia, craniofacial abnormalities and strange behaviors. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the literature regarding the oral manifestations of this uncommon disease. Material and methods. A literature search in PubMed/MEDLINE without date restriction until May 10th, 2016 was performed...........

Keywords – Angelman syndrome, oral manifestations, systematic review

[1] Hart H. 'Puppet' children. A report on three cases (1965). Dev Med Child Neurol. 2008; 50: 564.
[2] Dagli A, Buiting K, Williams CA. Molecular and Clinical Aspects of Angelman Syndrome. Mol Syndromol. 2012; 2: 100-12.
[3] Bird LM. Angelman syndrome: review of clinical and molecular aspects. Appl Clin Genet. 2014; 7: 93-104.
[4] Duca DG, Craiu D, Boer M, Chirieac SM, Arghir A, Tutulan-Cunita A, et al. Diagnostic approach of angelman syndrome. Maedica (Buchar). 2013; 8: 321-7.
[5] Chamberlain SJ, Lalande M. Angelman syndrome, a genomic imprinting disorder of the brain. J Neurosci. 2010; 30: 9958-63.

Abstract: Background. Antiresorptive drugs are used to prevent bone resorption derived from different diseases. One of the most frequent complications of these drugs is the osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ). Case report. We report the case of an 82-year-old male presenting multiple ONJ lesions in the maxilla associated with the trauma of a removable partial denture and the bisphosphonates intake. Discussion. The main controversy of ONJ lesions is the treatment that should be performed. Although it has been seen that there is no a totally effective therapy for ONJ, currently there are some promising and non-invasive techniques that seem to be effective, improving the quality of life of the patient.

Keywords: Osteonecrosis, Jaws, Bisphosphonates, Denosumab, Treatment..

[1] Pichardo SE, Richard van Merkesteyn JP. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: spontaneous or dental origin? Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2013; 116: 287-292.
[2] Kumar V, Shahi AK. Nitrogen containing bisphosphonates associated osteonecrosis of the jaws: A review for past 10 year literature. Dent Res J. 2014; 11: 147-153.
[3] Khan AA, Morrison A, Hanley DA, Felsenberg D, McCauley LK, O'Ryan F, et al. Diagnosis and management of osteonecrosis of the jaw: a systematic review and international consensus. J Bone Miner Res. 2015; 30: 3-23.
[4] Campisi G, Fedele S, Fusco V, Pizzo G, Di Fede O, Bedogni A. Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, risk reduction and treatment strategies of jaw osteonecrosis in cancer patients exposed to antiresorptive agents. Future Oncol. 2014; 10: 257-275.
[5] Ruggiero SL, Dodson TB, Fantasia J, Goodday R, Aghaloo T, Mehrotra B, et al. American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons position paper on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw - 2014 update. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014; 72: 1938-1956..

Abstract: The Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a genetic disorder that affects newborns between 1/10.000 and 1:100.000, and whose diagnosis is established based on medical history and clinical examination, characterized by growth retardation and development, hirsutism, structural abnormalities in the limbs and distinctive facial features. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the literature on oral manifestations of this rare disease, describing 7 published cases of CdLS in the indexed literature (PubMed/MEDLINE) - the first corresponds to the year 1980 and the last in 2009. Dental problems among these patients are common and include: delayed eruption, malocclusion, micrognathia...........

Keywords: Cornelia de Lange syndrome, oral manifestations, systematic review

[1] Noor N, Kazmi Z, Mehnaz A. Cornelia de Lange syndrome. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2012; 22(6): 412-413.
[2] Ireland M, Donnai D, Burn J. Brachmann-de Lange syndrome. Delineation of the clinical phenotype. Am J Med Genet. 1993; 47(7): 959-964.
[3] Dubois-Dalcq M. Typus Amstelodamensis (Cornelia De Lange 1933). 1st Case in Belgium. Acta Neurol Belg. 1964; 64: 370-384.
[4] Meinecke P, Hayek H. Brief historical note on the Brachmann-de Lange syndrome: a patient closely resembling the case described by Brachmann in 1916. Am J Med Genet. 1990; 35(3): 449-450.
[5] Barisic I, Nelen V, Gillerot I, De Vignan C, Doray B, Francannet C, et al. Descriptive epidemiology of Cornelia de Lange syndrome in Europe. American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part A. 2008; 146(1): 51-59.

Abstract: Infantile cortical hyperosteosis, also known as caffey`s disease,is a rare, idiopathic mostly self limiting condition affecting infants under 6 months of age. It is characterized by acute inflammation of the periostium and the overlying soft tissue and is accompanied by systemic changes of irritability and fever. Diagnosis may be delayed as this disorder mimics a wide range of diseases including osteomyelitis, hypervitaminosis A, scurvy, bone tumors and child abuse.

[1]. Caffey J, Silverman W. Infantile cortical hyperostosis, preliminary report of a new syndrome. Am J Roentgenol Rad Therapy 1945; 54:1-16.
[2]. Restrepo S, Sanchez AM, Palacios E. Infantile Cortical Hyperostosis of the Mandible, Ear Nose Throat Journal 2004; 83:454-455.
[3]. Bernstein RM, Zaleska DJ. Familial Aspects of Caffey Disease. American Journal of Orthopaedics 1996; 24:777-778.
[4]. Glorieux FF. Caffey Disease a likely Collagenopathy. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:1142-1144.
[5]. Caffey Disease a type 1 Collagenopathy, Current GGH – Volume 24- No 1. September 2005.www.GGHjournal.com. Accessed on 05.04.2009..

Abstract: The ideaof this study was to determine the cephalometric norms of typical Emirateyoung adult with class I molar relationship and well balanced face and to compare these norms with Caucasians cephalometric norms according to Steiner analysis. Lateral cephalometric of 71 Emirati adults (37males age 20-25) (34female age 20-25) were traced and digitized using Dolphin imaging software program according to Steiner analysis. Advance maxilla and retruded mandible observed in Emirates sample and showed greater mean and standard deviation in SNA and ANB angles (p<0.001) and less SNB angle than Caucasians

Keywords: Cephalometric, Steiner analysis, Emirates norms, ethnic difference.

[1]. Al-Jasser NM. Cephalometric evaluation for Saudi population using the Downs and Steiner analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2016];6:52–63. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15915204
[2]. Hamdan AM. Soft Tissue Morphology of Jordanian Adolescents. Angle Orthod [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2016];80:80–85. Available from: http://www.angle.org/doi/10.2319/010809-17.1
[3]. Al Zain T, Ferguson DJ. Cephalometric characterization of an adult Emirati sample with Class I malocclusion. J Orthod Sci [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016];1:11–15. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24987619
[4]. Basciftci FA, Uysal T, Buyukerkmen A. Craniofacial structure of Anatolian Turkish adults with normal occlusions and well-balanced faces. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2016];125:366–372. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15014417
[5]. Uysal T, Baysal A, Yagci A, et al. Ethnic differences in the soft tissue profiles of Turkish and European-American young adults with normal occlusions and well-balanced faces. Eur J Orthod [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016];34:296–301. Available from: http://ejo.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/ejo/cjq165..

Abstract: Styloid process is a slender bony projection, refers to a mineralized styloid ligament of the temporal bone that projects downward and forward from the mandibular surface of the temporal bone. Average length of the styloid process is 20-25 mm. An elongated styloid process, as in eagle's syndrome leads to a plethora of symptoms, ranging from mild irritation in throat to stroke. Presenting a case report of eagle's syndrome managed surgically using diode laser.

Key Words: Eagle's Syndrome, Styloid Process, Atypical Facial Pain.

[1]. Prevalence and clinical significance of elongated calcified styloid processes in panoramic radiograophs.LindaRadfar, NahidAmjadi, NouralhodaAslani, Lakshaman Suresh. 2008 Gen Dentistry,Sep-Oct 2008, Pg e29-e32.
[2]. Eagle's syndrome: A review of the literature. Maria Piagkou, Sophia Anagnostopoulou, Konstantinos Kouladouros, Giannoulis Piagkos. 2009 Clin. Anat. 22:545–558, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
[3]. The ossification of stylohyoid ligament and its relation to facial pain. Balasubramanian S, 1964 Br Dent J.1964; 116:108-111.
[4]. Styloidstylohyoid syndrome in the differential diagnosis of atypical facial pain. Surg neurol. Dolan EA, Mullen JB, Papayoanou J.1984;21:291-294.
[5]. The symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the elongated styloid process. Eagle WW, 1962 Am Surg.1962:28:1-5...

Abstract: Background: HIV is a modern epidemic. Day and large its threat is increasing. ICTC centre plays a vital role in testing, counselling and providing information about AIDS. Aims and objectives: (1) To describe the socio-demographic profile of patients visiting ICTC centre. (2) To assess the health seeking behaviour of patients visiting ICTC centre. (3) To assess the attitude of HIV positives towards registration at ART centre. Materials and methods: study design: descriptive cross sectional study. Place of study: ICTC centre, RIMS. Study population: patients visiting ICTC centre and willing to participate. Sampling technique: systematic sampling.............

Keywords: HIV, ICTC, ART Centre..

[1]. WHO (1986).Techn.Rep.Ser, 736.
[2]. Park K. Epidemiology of Communicable Diseases: AIDS. 23rd edition. Jabalpur; Bhanot; 2015.
[3]. Govt.of India (1999), The National Response to HIV/AIDS in India, National AIDS Control Project Phase-II, NACO, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi.
[4]. Haider S, Kumar M, Singh SS, Sunderam S. A Study on Socio-demographic profile and CD4 count of HIV infected patients attending ART centre RIMS. Health line Journal.2015 (Jan-Jun); 6(1).
[5]. Kiran A, Kujur M, Haider S, Kumar M, Kashyap V, Sunderam S. Profile of patient attending ICTC at RIMS, Ranchi. J Community Med Health Educ. 2015; 5:341...

Abstract: Purpose: High resolution grey scale ultrasound has emerged as an initial imaging modality of choice for the evaluation of patients with thyroid enlargement. Thyroid malignancy cannot be diagnosed on ultrasonography but various sonographic features in combination can be used to predict malignancy in thyroid lesions. The aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonographic features for the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules by using FNAC as the reference standard. Materials And Methods: The present study was a prospective study of 200 consecutive patients more than 10 years of age who attended various OPD's and IPD's of SKIMS Soura with thyroid nodules...........

Keywords: Thyroid, Ultrasound, Nodule, FNAC, Malignancy

[1]. Papini E, Guglielmi R, Bianchini A, et al. Risk of malignancy in nonpalpable thyroid nodules: predic-tive value of ultrasound and color-Doppler features. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87:1941–1946.
[2]. Kim E, Park CS, Chung WY, et al. New sonographic criteria for recommending fine-needle aspiration biopsy of non-palpable solid nodules of the thyroid. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002; 178:687–691.
[3]. Kang HW, No JH, Chung JH, et al. Prevalence, clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics of thyroid incidentalomas. Thyroid 2004; 14:29–33.
[4]. Frates MC, Benson CB, Doubilet PM, Cibas ES, Marqusee E. Can color Doppler sonography aid in the prediction of malignancy of thyroid nodules? J Ultrasound Med 2003; 22:127–131.
[5]. Ankush Dhanadia, Harshad Shah, Asutosh Dave. Ultrasonographic and FNAC correlation of thyroid lesions. Gujarat medical journal / march-2014 Vol. 69 No.1..

Abstract: Aim: The elastomeric separators used in orthodontic practice to create a space between adjacent teeth to aid in the accurate placement of orthodontic bands especially for molars, undoubtedly have several advantages over other types of separators, but their iatrogenic potential is overlooked. The aim of this study is to compare elastomeric separators with kansal separator for dislodgement and subsequent gingival displacement. Materials And Method: 60 patients, 26 males and 34 females had two different types of separators (elastomeric separators, kansal separators) placed randomly in right and left quadrants. The subjects were examined for the number of separators lost from 2nd to 10th day..............

Keywords: Separators, Elastomeric Separator, Kansal Separator..

[1]. Proffit.R.W; Fields.W.H; Sarver.MD: Contemporary orthodontics, fourth edition, Mosby company, 2007;412-413.
[2]. Begg .P.R: Begg orthodontic and technique, Philadelphia, W.B. Sounder's company, 1965.
[3]. Moyers .R.E: Handbook of orthodontics, fourth edition, year book medical publishers 1988; 515-516.
[4]. Alhashimi N, Frithiof L, Brudvik P, Bakhiet M: Orthodontic pain. American Journal Of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2001; 119: 307-312.

[5]. Proffit.R.W; Fields.W.H; Sarver.MD: Contemporary orthodontics, second edition, Mosby company, 2000;392-394..

Abstract: Thorough knowledge about the anatomy and morphology of root canal system is the prerequisites for the successful outcome of endodontic treatment. False assumptions about the root canal anatomy of teeth may lead to misdiagnosis, missed canals, improper debridement and breakage of root canal instruments during root canal treatment.1 The complexity of root canal morphology presents a challenge to any clinician. Tooth often shows a change in their anatomy of the pulp chamber and root canal system. Careful interpretation of the radiograph and inspecting the pulp chamber in depth may provide details about the anatomic variations present in the tooth and may help for the better treatment outcome .........

Keywords: mandibular premolars, root canal configuration

[1]. Shetty A, Hegde MN, Bhat R, Mahale U, Bhat G, Devadiga D. Advanced Imaging Techniques in Endodontology : A Review. 2014;4(5):790–804.
[2]. Ng YL, Aung TH, Alavi A, Gulabivala K. Root and canal morphology of Burmese maxillary molars. Int Endod J. 2001;34(8):620–30.
[3]. Ingle JI, Bakland LK. Endodontics. BC Decker Inc. 2002
[4]. Scarfe WC. Imaging of maxillofacial trauma: Evolutions and emerging revolutions. Oral Surgery, Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontology [Internet]. 2005 Aug;100(2):S75–96.
[5]. Kenneth M Hargreaves,Stephen Cohen Cohen's pathways of the pulp 10th ed.Louis H.Berman; 2010...

Abstract: Background: Chronic dyspnea, defined as shortness of breath lasting longer than one month is a common clinical presentation. Spirometry provides good functional assessment of lung and helps in diagnosis for the cause and is of great help especially in overweight/obese individuals to rule out an over-diagnosis of common respiratory disease like asthma. The aim of the present study was to evaluate patients of chronic dyspnea using spirometry to first classify them into obstructive/restrictive/mixed patterns. To further analyze the study population categorized by sex and BMI based on various spirometric variables, make a specific diagnosis and then study the effect of BMI..............

Key words: Spirometry, Asthma,COPD(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), BMI(Body Mass Index).

[1]. José BP, Camargos PA, Cruz Filho ÁA, . (2014) Diagnostic accuracy of respiratory diseases in primary health units. Revista de Associacao Medica Brasileira 60: 599–612

[2]. www.ginaasthma.org 2017(24-25)
[3]. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs307/en/
[4]. Masoli M, Fabian D, Holt S, Beasley R. for the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Program, The global burden of asthma: executive summary of the GINA Dissemination Committee report. Allergy 2004; 59 : 469-78
[5]. Jindal SK, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D, Agarwal R, Kumar R, Kaur T, et al. Indian study on epidemiology of asthma, respiratory symptoms and chronic bronchitis in adults (INSEARCH). Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2012;16:1270-7..