iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-8 ~ August-2017

Abstract: Heart Rate Variability (HRV) defined as degree of fluctuation of beat to beat differences in cardiac rhythm (1,2). It is non-invasive procedure & assess beat to beat variation in the heart.Beat to beat variation reflects time varying influence of autonomic nervous system (3). The loss of balance between sympathetic & parasympathetic system leads to cardiovascular disorders.Many hormones, including thyroid hormones (Tri-iodothyronine T3, Thyroxine T4) are thought to affect this balance. Hypothyroidism is deficiency of thyroid hormones or elevated TSH.Hypothyroidism is classified as,Overt and Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). SCH and cardiovascular risks are no yet correlated specifically as in that of overt..........

[1]. F Galetta, F Franzoni, P. Fallahi, M. Rossi, A.Carpi, D Rubello HRV & QT dispersion in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy 2006; 60: 425-430
[2]. Malik M., Camm AJ HRV clin.chem.43 1997; 52: 8.
[3]. Kamath MV, Fallen EL, Power spectral analysis of HRV a non-invasive signature of cardiac autonomic function. Rev Biomed Eng. 1993; 21: 245- 311.
[4]. RashmiMullur, Yan-Yun Liu, and Gregory A. Brent. Thyroid Hormone Regulation of Metabolism. Physiol Rev. 2014 April; 94(2): 355–382.
[5]. Tatiana L. Fonseca,1 Marilia B. C. G. Teixeira,1 Manuela Rodrigues-Miranda,1 Marcos V. Silva,1 Gisele M. Martins,1 Thyroid hormone interacts with the sympathetic nervous system to modulate bone mass and structure in young adult mice. Am J PhysiolEndocrinolMetab 2014; 307: E408–E418-

Abstract: Background: Recent data suggests that urban women above 40 years of age have higher prevalence of obesity and overweight compared to men. Few workers have studied the association of given parameters with diabetic status among urban Kolkata women for disease prevention and management. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to analyze whether the systemic blood pressure and parameters like self- reported physical activity and family history of diabetes were associated with type 2 Diabetes among women aged above 40 years residing in Kolkata..............

Keywords: Diabetes , Kolkata, family history,physical activity,urban, women

[1]. International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Atlas Fifth Edition 2007.
[2]. H.L.McClean , A.J. Taylor , A.M. Mortimer, Fear of venepuncture as a barrier to testing for blood‐borne infection and use of an oral fluid test as an alternative to venepuncture in a genitourinary medicine clinic,Sex Transm Infect, 83(1), 2007 , 66–67.
[3]. V. Mohan , R. Pradeepa ,M. Deepa ,R.M. Anjana, R.I.Unnikrishnan, D.Manjula, How to detect the millions of people in India with undiagnosed diabetes cost effectively. Proceedings Scientific Sessions,APICON,2010 ,Jaipur , Rajasthan ,India. Jaipur : India; 2010.P. 93-96.
[4]. A.Ramachandran , C.Snehalatha , V.Vijay , N.J.Wareham , S.Colagiuri , Derivation and validation of diabetes risk score for urban Asian, Dia. Res. Clin. Practice,70 ,2005 , 63-70.
[5]. M.Gulabani ,M. John , R.Issac ,Knowledge of diabetes, its treatment and complications amongst diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital, Indian J Community Med ,33,2008,204-6.

Abstract: Extradural hematomas (EDHs) are contact injuries resulting from blunt trauma to the skull. Double acute EDHs are extremely rare and is a major source of preventable mortality. We present eleven consecutive surgically-managed bilateral EDH cases seen in our institute. . In all the patients, cranial computed tomography (CT) showed bilateral EDH. Surgery was done according to radiologically localized pathology. There was no mortality in our series of cases. Bilateral post-traumatic acute extradural hematomas no longer carry the high mortality of the pre-CT era due to timely diagnosis and expeditious neurosurgical intervention...........

Keywords: Bilateral extradural haematoma, CT scan, EDH, head injury, vehicular accident

[1]. Baykaner K, Alp H, Cerviker N, Keskil S, Seçkin Z. Observation of 95 patients with extradural hematoma and review of the literature. Surg Neurol 1988;30:339-41.
[2]. Babu ML, Bhasin SK, Kumar A. Extradural haematoma - an experience with 300 cases. Surg Neurol 2005;7:205-7.
[3]. Sharma V, Newton G. Bilateral extradural hematoma. Neurology India. 1990;38:455-9.
[4]. Roy GC. Fracture of skull, extensive extravasation of blood on dura mater, producing compression of brain, trephining, partial relief of symptoms, death. Lancet 1884;2:319.

[5]. Dharker SR, Bhargava N. Bilateral epidural haematoma. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1991. 110: 29-32..

Abstract: Decompensated chronic parenchymal liver disease is one of the most common disease uncountered in day to day practice. Because of chronic disease many haemotological abnormalities are present in those patients.The hematological abnormalities in a chronic disease add morbidity to the primary pathology and increase the mortality. Hence it becomes necessary to investigate the hematological abnormalities and haemastatic abnormalities to decrease the co morbidity. The study was conducted to assess the hematological abnormalities and haemostatic derangements and the nature of hematological abnormalities to reduce the morbidity. Broadly the hematological abnormalities are viewed under abnormalities in RBCs,WBCs,Platelets, coagulation profile.........

[1]. Marc. Ghany, Jay H. Hoofnagle; approach to liver disease 16th edition Harrison principle of Internal medicine volume 2, 1808-1813, 1855-58.
[2]. James Dooley ;Sheila Sherlock, Disease of the liver and biliary system 11th edition 4 ;47,22,364-381.
[3]. Jacquelyn J Mahar ;Sleisenger&furdtran`s Gastrointestinal and liver disease 6th edition 71,1199.
[4]. Con D A H enbury E; Schiff`s Disease of the liver,9th edition volume 2,2003,625-640.
[5]. R.W. Chapman, J.D. Collier, PC Hayes Davidson`s principle and practice of Medicine 20th edition 954-962

Abstract: Background: Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that can significantly batter the quality of reproductive life of women due to insulin resistance. Hyperhomocysteinemia amplifies the insulin resistance and oxidative stress in PCOS. According to the recommendations of the Nutrition Committee of the American Heart Association, fasting plasma Homocysteine should be <10μmol/L, to keep away from all the complications of increased Hcy levels in the future. Hence in the current study, value 10μmol/L is considered as hyperhomocysteinemia. Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study on 50 PCOS women at SAT hospital, Govt Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram............

Keywords: BMI, FBS, Homocysteine, Hyperhomocysteinemia ,PCOS

[1]. M.L. Traub, Assessing and treating insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome, World Journal of Diabetes. 2 (2011) 33.
[2]. A.M. Scarpitta, D. Sinagra, Polycystic ovary syndrome: an endocrine and metabolic disease, Gynecological Endocrinology. 14 (2000) 392–395.
[3]. S. Franks, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, New England Journal of Medicine. 333 (1995) 853–861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199509283331307.
[4]. H. JAKUBOWSKI, Protein homocysteinylation: possible mechanism underlying pathological consequences of elevated homocysteine levels, The FASEB Journal. 13 (1999) 2277–2283.
[5]. L. JÄNTSCHI, Structure vs. Property: Algorithms and Models, (2012)..

Abstract: Background: Studies have noted a high incidence of pulmonary function abnormalities in patients with coronary artery disease and no pre-existing pulmonary disease. Ageing associated impairement of lung function may further aggravate this decline in the elderly with ischemic heart disease. This impairment function in the elderly with ischemic heart disease hasnt been adequately studied in India. Hence, the need for this study . Objectives : To spirometrically assess pulmonary function in the elderly patients with ischemic heart disease and detect impaired lung function, if present................

Keywords-: IHD,Pulmonary function, FEV1, PEFR,Coronary artery disease

[1]. Schroeder EB, Welch V L, Couper D. Lung function and incident coronary heart disease – The atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Am J Epidemiol 2003; 158:1171–1181.
[2]. Sin. DD, Wu LL and Man SFP. The relationship between reduced lung function and cardiovascular mortality -A population-based study and a systematic review of the literature. Chest 2005; 127:1952-1959.
[3]. Friedman GD, Klatsky AL, Siegelaub AB. Sin DD. and Man SFP .Lung function and risk of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. N Engl J Med 1976; 294: 1071-1075.
[4]. Engström G, Hedblad B, Wollmer P .Occurrence and prognostic significance of ventricular arrhythmia is related to pulmonary function: A study from "Men Born in 1914," Malmö, Sweden. Circulation 2001; 103; 3086-3091.
[5]. Engström G, Hedblad B, Janzon L. Reduced lung function predicts increased fatality in future cardiac events. A population-based study. J Intern Med 2006;260(6):560-7.

Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD), the paramount cause and the most common form of dementia, is clinically characterized by a progressive descent in the cognitive function, which commences with deterioration in memory. Further investigations are required to gain full understanding of the exact etiology and pathophysiological mechanism of this disease. The disease is noticeable by the classical inflammatory features and typified by microglial activation. Also, the affected regions demonstrate a significant rise in the levels of pro inflammatory cytokines. The largely accepted hypothesis states that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD. Periodontitis results in low grade.............

Keywords-: Alzheimer's disease, periodontitis, systemic inflammation, infection, periodontal pathogen

[1] Wu Z, Nakanishi H. Connection between Periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease: Possible Roles of Microglia and Leptomeningeal Cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 126:8-13.
[2] Gurav AN. Alzheimer's disease and Periodontitis: An elusive link. Rev Assoc Med Bras 2014;60:173-180.
[3] .Abbayya K, Puthanakar NY, Naduwinmani S, Chidambar YS. Association between Periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease. N Am J Med Sci. 2015; 7: 241–246.
[4] Lossinsky AS, Shivers RR. Structural pathways for macromolecular and cellular transport across the blood brain barrier during inflammatory conditions. Review. Histol Histopathol. 2004; 19:535-64.
[5] Lee KS, Chung JH, Choi TK, Suh SY, Oh BH, Hong CH. Peripheral cytokines and chemokines in Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2009; 28:281-288.

Abstract: Introduction: The knowledge of position, relation and variation of mental foramen is important for a dental surgeon and orthopaedician to perform successful surgical procedure in mental regions of mandible with minimal post surgical neurovascular complication. Verification of presence of an accessory mental foramen would prevent the accessory nerve injury in peri-apical surgery. The present study was aimed at elucidating its morphological features and morphometric parameters with reference to surrounding landmarks. Material Method: 65 dry adult dentulus human mandibles of unknown sex were observed for the incidence,shape, position, and relation of mental and accessory mental foramen to the teeth of lower jaw and various bony landmarks. The measurements were done using slide callipers.Mean and standard deviations weredescribed.............

Keywords: Accessory mental foramen, Mental Foramen,Mental nerve, Molar, Premolar

[1]. T Hasan. Characteristics ofthe Mental Foramen in Different Populations. The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology. 2010 Volume 4 Number 2
[2]. R. Singh and A. K. Srivastav, ―Study of position, shape, size and incidence of mental foramen and accessory mental foramen in Indian adult human skulls,‖ International Journal of Morphology. 2010; 28 (4): 1141–1146

[3]. Bavitz JB, Harn SD, Hansen CA, Lang M. An anatomical study of mental neurovascularbundle implant relationships. Int J Oral MaxillofacImpl 1993; 8: 563-573

[4]. D. R. Agarwal and S. B. Gupta, ―Morphometric analysis of mental foramen in human mandibles of south Gujarat,‖ People's Journal of Scientific ReSearch. 2011; 4 (1): 15–18

[5]. A. Santini and M. Land, ―A comparison of the position of the mental foramen in Chinese and British mandibles,‖ ActaAnatomica. 1990; 137 (3) :208–212.

Abstract: Aim: To study the magnitude of problem of vertebral synostosis in western Odisha population and to study its embryological significance and clinical implications. Introduction: As vertebrae develop through a complicated process from the paraxial mesoderm, different types of vertebral anomalies may appear either in isolation or in association with other congenital anomalies. Vertebral synostosis or block vertebrae is a condition where incomplete segmentation of somites results in fusion of adjacent vertebrae............

Keywords: Block vertebra, Unsegmented vertebra, Notochord, Somites.

[1]. Standring S.Gray's Anatomy.The Anatomical Basis Of Clinical Practice . 40th ed.London:Elsevier , Churchill Livingstone Edinburg ; 2008 : 768-770
[2]. Saga Yumiko, Takeda Hiroyuki. The making of somites: Molecular Events on Vertebral Segmentation. Nature Reviews. Genetics; London.2001;2(11): 835-845
[3]. Karen Colbjorn Larsen, Ernst-Martin Fuchbaker.The Neural Tube is required to maintain Primary Segmentation in the Sclerotome. Cell Tissue Organ. 2006; 182: 12-21
[4]. James T.Guille and Henry H.Sherk. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.2002;84(2):277
[5]. Takayuki Seki,Noriaki Shimokawa. Abnormalities of Vertebral Formation and Hox expression in congenital Kyphoscoliosis. Mol.Cell Biochem. 2008;312:193-199.

Abstract: Objective: To estimate Amniotic fluid Optical density (AFOD) and establish correlation between (AFOD) and gestational age, birth weight and functional maturity of the newborn. Materials &Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 100 pregnant women who attended Government General Hospital, Guntur, during a period of 1 year from April 2016 to march 2017 by taking amniotic fluid samples under aseptic precautions at 3-4cm cervical dilatation and after incision on the uterus from the bulging membranes- in women delivering through vaginal and caesarean routes respectively..........

[1]. Žabkar JH. Evaluation of fetal maturity by amnioscopy. Journal of Perinatal Medicine-Official Journal of the WAPM. 1975;3(3):145-53.
[2]. . Lee KS, Eidelman AI, Tseng PI, Kandail SR, Gartner LM. Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn and complications of pregnancy. Pediatrics. 1976 Nov 1;58(5):675-80.
[3]. Klimek R, Breborowicz GH, Chazan B. Declaration of the childbirth in XXI century. Archives of Perinatal Medicine. 2001;7(3):8-14.
[4]. Williams JW. Williams obstetrics. 1st ed. New York (NY): D.Appleton and Company; 1903
[5]. Drillien CM. The low-birth weight infant. In: Cockburn F,Drillien CM, editors. Neonatal medicine. Osney Mead (Australia): Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1974. p. 51–61.

Abstract: Background: Sickle cell disease is an autosomal inherited recessive disease as a result of beta globin gene mutation in the form of substitution of a glutamic acid protein with a valine protein at position 6 result in formation of abnormal hemoglobin S with normal functions except when deoxygenated inside the erythrocyte transformed to polymerization reducing its flexibility and distorts its shape but presence of hemoglobin F, reduce and interferes with formation of polymerization .This abnormal hemoglobin S result in closure of the microvasculature [27] . This lead to ischemia and reperfusion..............

Keywords : Sickle cell disease – Congestive heart failure - Cardiac functions – Echocardiography.

[1]. Wei Du, Zilberman MV, Srikant Das, et al. Evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function in pediatric sickle cell disease patients. Am J Hematol 2007; 82 ;433-8.
[2]. Wong W, Batra AS, Acherman RJ, Cardiac abnormalities in children with sickle cell anemia. Am J Hematol 2002; 70:306–2.
[3]. Acar P, Montalembert MD, Maunoury C, et al. Myocardial ischemia in children with sickle cell disease. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2009; 89:359-62.
[4]. Morais p, Chung EE, Dianzumba SB, et al. Cardiac performance in children with homozygous sickle cell disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987; 9:1042-83.
[5]. Pallas CK. Iron overload is a determinant of morbidity and mortality in adult patients with sickle cell disease. Semin Hematol 2010; 98:30–6.

Abstract: Background: Bowel anastomosis are common procedure in both elective and emergency general surgery. Objective: To study the incidence of intestinal resections and anastomosis and various causes leading to it and evaluate the factors determine the healing of anastomosis Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study at a single centre with all patients who underwent bowel resections and anatomosis for various causes during a period of July 2014 to November 2016 were included for analysis. Demographic factors like age, gender, aetiology.............

Keywords: Anastomosis, gastrointestinal , small and large bowel.

[1]. Brooks DC, Zinner MJ: Surgery of the Small and Large Bowel. Maingot's Abdominal operations. Edited by: Zinner MJ. 1997, Stamford: Appleton & Lange, 2: 1309-1310.

[2]. Scher KS, Scott-Conner C, Jones CW, Leach M. A comparison of stapled and sutured anastomoses in colonic operations. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1982;155:489–493.

[3]. Didolkar MS, Reed WP, Elias EG, Schnaper LA, Brown SD, Chaudhary SM. A prospective randomized study of sutured versus stapled bowel anastomoses in patients with cancer. Cancer. 1986;57:456–460.

[4]. Chassin JL, Rifkind KM, Sussman B, Kassel B, Fingaret A, Drager S, Chassin PS. The stapled gastrointestinal tract anastomosis: incidence of postoperative complications compared with the sutured anastomosis. Ann Surg. 1978;188:689–696.

[5]. Reiling RB, Reiling WA, Bernie WA, Huffer AB, Perkins NC, Elliott DW. Prospective controlled study of gastrointestinal stapled anastomoses. Am J Surg. 1980;139:147–152..

Abstract: Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a congenital disease which is increasing in prevalence. It affects permanent first molars and, often to a lesser degree, permanent incisors with variable severity. The etiology is unknown, but various risk factors have been put forward. Differential diagnosis is mandatory not to confound MIH with other diseases like Amelogesis Imperfecta or Fluorosis. Treatment consists in a minimally invasive approach by reinforcing and protecting the existing dental structure. In more severe cases, restorative treatment or extraction may be indicated.

Key-words: Dental Enamel Hypoplasia, Hypoplastic Enamel, Molar Incisor Hypomineralizatio

[1]. Weerheijm KL, Jalevik B, Alaluusua S. Molar-incisor hypomineralization. Caries Res 2001;35:390-391.
[2]. Weerheijm KL, Duggal M, Mejare I, Papagiannoulis L, Koch G, Martens LC, et al. Judgement criteria for molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in epidemiologic studies: a summary of the European meeting on MIH held in Athens, 2003. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2003;4:110-113.
[3]. Weerheijm KL. Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH): Clinical presentation, aetiology, and management. Dent Update 2004;31:9-12.
[4]. Jalevik B, Klingberg GA. Dental treatment, dental fear and behaviour management problems in children with severe enamel hypomineralization of their permanent first molars. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2002 Jan;12(1):24-32.
[5]. Elfrink ME, Schuller AA, Weerheijm KL, Veerkamp JS. Hypomineralized second primary molars: prevalence data in Dutch 5-year-olds. Caries Res. 2008;42(4):282-5

Abstract: Abstract Background: Spinal anesthesia is relatively a safe procedure compared to general anesthesia. It provides good muscle relaxation and avoids fetal as well as maternal risks of general anesthesia. Requires minimum postoperative anesthesia care and provides adequate post - operative analgesia. But one of the limiting factors in the use of spinal anesthesia has been the occurrence of post-dural puncture headache. Its incidence is highest in obstetric patients. There are some attempts to reduce the incidence of this complication.
Aim: To compare the incidence of post-dural puncture headache using 23G,25G quincke and, 23G,25G whitacre needle in patient undergoing elective caesarean section....

Key-words: Quincke needle, Whitacre needle, Postdural puncture headache, spinal anaesthesia

[1]. Krueger, J.E., Stoelting, V.K. and Graf, J.P.; "Etiology and treatment of postspinal headaches". Anesthesiology 1951; 12: 477-85.
[2]. Vandam, L.D. and Dripps, R.D.; "Long term follow-up of patients who received 10,098 spinal anesthetics. Syndrome of decreased intracranial pressure (headache and ocular and auditory difficulties)". Journal of the American Medical Association 1956; 161: 586-91.
[3]. Post dural puncture headache(PDPH) and associated factors after spinal anesthesia among patient in the University of Gondar Referral and Teaching Hospital, Gondar, North West Ethiopia. Kassa AA, Beyen TK, Denu ZA(2015).J Anesth clin Res 6:536. Doi:10.4172/2155-6148. 1000536.
[4]. Rasmussen, B.S., Blom, L., Hansen, P. and Mikkelsen; "Post spinal headache in young and elderly patients. Two randomized double-blind studies that compare 20 and 25 gauge needles". Anaesthseia, 44: 571, 1989.
[5]. Krueger, J.E., Stoelting, V.K. and Graf, J.P.; "Etiology and treatment of post-spinal headaches". Anesthesiology 1951; 12:477-85.