iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-8 ~ August-2017

Abstract: Malrotation of midgut is generally regarded as pediatricentity with majority of patients present during infancy and childhood. Adultmidgutmalrotation is very rare and its incidence has been reported to be 0.2% to 0.5%.we report a case of an adult patient with midgutmalrotation. Methods: A 38years old moderately built and nourished gentleman was admitted to the accident and emergency department with upper abdominal distension for 10 days and vomiting for 5 days.H/O similar complaints on and off for the past 2 years. Onexamination, the patient was afebrile and haemodynamicallystable. Abdomen distended over epigastrium. Palpation revealed no mass/organomegaly.patient was catheterized and Ryle's tube was inserted. Input /output charts............

Key Words: Malrotation,Intestinalobstruction,Ladds procedure.

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[3]. Fukuya T, Brown BP, Lu CC. Midgut volvulus as a complication of intestinal malrotation in adults. Dig Dis Sci 1993;38:438-444.
[4]. Spigland N, Brandt ML, Yazbeck S. Malrotation beyond the neonatal period. J PediatrSurg 1990;25:1139-1142.
[5]. Von Flue M, Herzog U, Ackermann C, et al. Acute and chronic presentation of intestinal nonrotation in adults. Dis Colon Rectum 1994;37:192-198.

Abstract: Background: Diabetic ulcer is the most frequent reason for hospitalization in patients with diabetes. It has increased the cost of treatment and hospitalization of these patients. Currently a lot of attention is being placed on the development of expensive topical growth factors for wound healing. Thus there remains a quest for better wound healing agents. One such agent is phenytoin which is cheap, easy to use and readily available for medical practice. Phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin) was initially introduced into therapy for the effective control of convulsive disorders. A common side effect with systemic phenytoin treatment is the development of fibrous overgrowth of gingiva. This apparent stimulatory effect of phenytoin on connective tissue suggested an encouraging possibility for its use in wound healing. To study the efficacy of topical phenytoin dressing over conventional dressing in the management of diabetic ulcers...........

Keywords-: Diabetic ulcers, phenytoin dressing, betadine dressing, granulation tissue, graft uptake, graft bed, bacterial growth, hospital stay, phenytoin side effects.

[1]. Muthu Kumaraswamy MG, Sivakumar G, Monoharan G. Topical phenytoin in diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetes Care. 1991; 14(10): 909-11.
[2]. Merritt HH, Putnam TJ: Sodium diphenyl hydantoinate in the treatment of convulsive disorders. JAMA 1938; 111: 1068- 73.
[3]. Silverman AK, Fairley J, Wongs RC. Cutaneous and Immunologic reactions to phenytoin. J.Am. Acad Dermatol. 1988;18:721-41.
[4]. ASHP Drug information 2001, American Society of Health System
[5]. Pharmacists Bethedsa MD: 2001-81.

Abstract: Herniotomy /open surgery has been the time honored treatment for congenital inguinal hernia. Laparoscopic surgery has recently emerged as an alternative but wider adoption of laparoscopic surgery remains controversial.Therefore the need for comparison of the two techniques for addressing congenital inguinal hernia propelled us to prospectively evaluate the differences and outcomes. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in our hospital from July 2015 to July 2016 with the approval of the hospital ethical committee.60 children underwent either Laparoscopic Surgery(38) OR Open Surgery(22) for congenital inguinal hernia.........

Keywords: LAPAROSCOPIC PERCUTANEOUS EXTRACORPOREAL CLOSURE(LPEC)

[1]. Schier F. Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair—a prospective personal series of 542 children. J Pediatr Surg. 2006;41:1081–1084. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.02.028. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
[2]. Shalaby RY, Fawy M, Soliman SM, Dorgham A. A new simplified technique for needlescopic inguinal herniorrhaphy in children. J Pediatr Surg. 2006;41:863–867. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2005.12.042. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
[3]. Tam YH, Lee KM, Sihoe JDY, et al. Laparoscopic hernia repair in children by the hook method. A single-center series of 433 consecutive patients. J Pediatr Surg. 2009;44(8):1502–1505. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.10.071. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
[4]. Shalaby R, Ismail M, Durham A, et al. Laparoscopic hernia repair in infancy and childhood: evaluation of 2 different techniques. J Pediatr Surg. 2010;45(11):2210–2216. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.07.004. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
[5]. Lee Y, Liang J. Experience with 450 cases of micro-laparoscopic herniotomy in infants and children. PediatrEndosurgInnov Tech. 2002;6(1):25–28. doi: 10.1089/10926410252832410. [Cross Ref]

Abstract: Aims & Objectives: To study different types of premalignant and malignant lesions of oral cavity with different histological changes in these lesions Materials And Methods: Study is conducted on OPD patients of dept. of ENT in SCB MCH between 2012 to 2015. Result: Both premalignant and malignant lesions are common over age group of 50. Male preponderance is found. Tobacco addiction is main predisposing factor. Leucoplakia and Squamous cell carcinoma are the commonest premalignant and malignant lesions respectively............

Keywords-: Leukoplakia, Malignant lesion, Oral cavity, Premalignant lesion, Squamous cell carcinoma

[1]. Baric J.M. et al: Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, 55 (4) : 424- 429, 1982.
[2]. Herity B. et al.: British Journal of cancer, 93 (2) : 177- 182, 1981.
[3]. Halnan, K.E.: Treatment of cancer, first edition , Igakushoin: 46-48,1982.
[4]. Rosai J.: Ackerman's surgical pathology, Vol-1, 7thedition : 173, 1989.
[5]. Panda K., Khadanga M.: Hand book of oncology, 1st edition: 42, 1991.
[6]. Bahadur A. K., Bose A.K.: Indian Journal of Roentgenology and imaging, 38 (3): 229, 1984.

Abstract: The concept of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) corresponds to the impact of oral health or disease on an individual's daily functioning, well-being or overall quality of life. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between malocclusions and oral aesthetic self-perception in the adolescents of the Mathura High schools.

Keywords: Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need, Oral Health-Related Quality of Life, Malocclusion.

[1]. Yaghma Masood, Mohd Masood, Nurul Nadiah Binti Zainul, Nurhuda Binti Abdul Alim Araby, Saba Fouad Hussain and Tim Newton. Impact of malocclusion on oral health related quality of life in young people. Health & Qual of Life Outcomes. 2013;11:2529.
[2]. Ali H. Hassan and Hatem El-Sayed Amin. Association of orthodontic treatment needs
[3]. and oral health-related quality of life in young adults, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137 :42-7.
[4]. Jaana Rusanen, Satu Lahti, Mimmi Tolvanen and Pertti Pirttiniemi. Quality of life in patients with severe malocclusion before Treatment. European J Orthodont. 2010;32:43–48.
[5]. Rozina Nazir, Azmina Hussain, Muhammad Kaleem. Oral health status & malocclusion in flood affected and internally displaced children in Pakistan. Pakistan Oral & Dent. J 2012; 32:1-6.

Abstract: Hypospadias refers to incomplete urethral development due to incomplete fusion of urethral folds that results in a meatus located anywhere from the proximal glans to the perineum.This is a retrospective analysis of a prospective study of 25 patients who underwent repair of hypospadias using tubularised incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty (Snodgrass Technique) with tunica vaginalis flap as second layer, conducted during July 2015 to July 2017 in Department of General Surgery in Chatrapati Shivaji Subharti Hospital Meerut, India. Results were analysed. Tunica vaginalis when used as interposition layer is a highly reliable flap in both primary hypospadias repairs and redo surgery with minimal complication rate. The study is an attempt to evaluate safety and efficacy of tunica vaginalis flap as an interposition layer in hypospadias and redo surgeries.

Keywords-: Tunica vaginalis, hypospadias ,efficacy

[1]. Snodgrass W.Tubularized, incised plate urethroplasty for distal hypospadias. J Urol. 1994; 151:464-5.
[2]. Dhua, Anjan Kumar; Aggarwal, Satish Kumar; Sinha, Shandip; Ratan, SimmiK.Soft tissue covers in hypospadias surgery: Is tunica vaginalis better than dartosflap?Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons . Jan-Mar2012, Vol. 17
[3]. Kadian YS, Rattan KN, Singh J, Kajal P, Tunica vaginalis: an aid in hypospadias fistula repair: our experience of 14 cases. Afr J paediater surg. 2011 May- Aug;8(2):164-7
[4]. Snow BW. Use of tunica vaginalis to prevent fistula in hypospadas.J Urol. 1986; 136:861–3.
[5]. Kirkali Z. Tunica vaginalis: An aid in hypospadias surgery. Br J Urol. 1990; 65:530–2.

Abstract: Background: Intestinal perforation is one of the the most lethal complication of typhoid fever.It is also a challanging surgical emergency.It is solely responsible for 25% of deaths in typhoid fever patients.There is gradual but variable decline in the mortality rate upto less than 5% due to improved understanding of disease pathogenesis and progress in supportive and surgical care areas. Objective: To compare the outcome of different surgical procedures done for typhoid ileal perforation in our tertiary care centre...............

Keywords-: Intestinal perforation,typhoid fever,primary ileostomy,mortality

[1]. Singh Y,Khakure M.Typhoid perforation in adults.Journal of institute of medicine 1998;20(3&4).
[2]. Hosglu S,AldemirM,Akalin S,Geyik MF,Tacylidiz IH,Loeb M.Risk factors for enteric perforation in Patients with typhoid fever.Am J Epidemiol 2004;160:46-50.
[3]. Abantanga FA,Wiafe-Addai BB.Postoperative complications after surgery for typhoid perforation In children in Ghana.Pediatric surg.1997 14:351-3.
[4]. Crump JA,Ram PK,Gupta SK,Miller MA,Mintz ED.Part I Analysis of data gaps salmonella enterica serotype Typhi infection in low and medium human developmenti index countries,1984-2005; Epidemiol Infect 2008;136:436-48.
[5]. Butler T,Knight J,Nath SK,Speelman P,Roy SK,Azad MA.Typhoid fever complicated by intestinal perforation; A fatal disease requiring surgical management.Rev Infect Dis 1985;7:244-56.

Abstract: Introduction :Iodine deficiency lead to hypothyroidism, autoimmune attack to thyroid gland may also result in the same, excess iodine supplementation is supposed to induce autoimmune injury to thyroid gland. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in turn, is a chronic, complex, and heterogeneous autoimmune disease, in which there is a response directed towards the diarthrodial joints producing symmetric polyarthritis with progressive damage to the joints, bone destruction, and extra-articular manifestations (EAMs) such as cutaneous nodules, lung involvement, cardiovascular disease (CVD), episcleritis, and so forth, the autoimmune hypothesis as its cause is most commonly accepted...........

Keywords: Anti TPO, Hypothyroidism, Polyautoimmunity, RA factor, Vitiligo.

[1]. D. C. Eschler, A. Hasham, and Y. Tomer, ―Cutting edge: the etiology of autoimmune thyroid diseases,Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 190–197, 2011.
[2]. Y. Tomer and A. Huber, ―The etiology of autoimmune thyroid disease: a story of genes and environment, Journal of Autoimmunity, vol. 32, no. 3-4, pp. 231–239, 2009.
[3]. J. I. Shin, M. J. Kim, and J. S. Lee, ―Graves' disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy,The Journal of Rheumatology, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 449–450, 2009.
[4]. J. C. Galofre and T. F. Davies, ―Autoimmune thyroid disease in pregnancy: a review, Journal of Women's Health, vol. 18, no. 11, pp. 1847–1856, 2009.
[5]. A. Carlé, P. Laurberg, N. Knudsen et al., ―Thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin auto-antibodies in patients with newly diagnosed overt hypothyroidism, Autoimmunity, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 497–503, 2006.

Abstract: Fetal gall-stones are extremely rare but benign findings associated with a very favorable prognosis. The presence of gallstones or echogenic material has been described in the literature with controversial clinical significance. It is easily detectable by routine trans-abdominal sonography during the third trimester of pregnancy. Anomalies of the gall bladder, including sludge and gall stones, are extremely uncommon in fetal life, however, they may be associated with other several maternal and fetal conditions. We present a study of 12 fetuses diagnosed with cholelithiasis on antenatal sonography and serial postnatal follow-up sonographic evaluations, with a description of any associated fetal comorbidities.

Keywords: Fetus, cholelithiasis, prenatal, antenatal, pregnancy, ultrasound, sonography

[1]. Suchet BI, Labatte FM, Dyck SC. Fetal cholelithiasis: a case report and review of the literature. Journal of Clinical Ultrasound 1993; 21: 198–202.
[2]. Triunfo S, Rosati P, Ferrara P, Gatto A, Scambia G. Fetal cholelithiasis: A diagnostic update and a literature review. Clinical Medical Insights: Case Reports 2013; 6: 153–8.
[3]. Suma V, Marini A, Bucci N, Toffoluti T, Talenti. Fetal gallstones: sonographic and clinical observations. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1998; 12:439-41.
[4]. Cancho Candela R, Díaz González J, Perandones Fernández C, Viñuela Rueda B, Relea Sarabia A, Andrés de Llano JM. Echogenic material in fetal gallbladder: prenatal diagnosis and postnatal follow-up in Spanish. An Pediatr (Barc) 2004;61:326-9.
[5]. Bianchi DW, Crombleholme TM, D'Alton ME. Fetology, diagnosis & management of the fetal patient. McGraw-Hill Professional. (2000) ISBN:0838525709

Abstract: Management of chronic ulcers require dressing, many times a day. The aim of dressing is to protect from contamination, infection and injury, absorption of drainage from the ulcer, and immobilization of the wound. This study is a comparative trial among patients admitted with foot ulcer in General Surgery wards in Madurai Medical College, Madurai. The number of patients included in the study was 80, Out of which 40 were in the test group and 40 were in the control group. Study duration was 1 year both the test and control group were matched regarding their age, diabetic status, nutritional status, and grade of ulcer. There is no.............

Keywords: Dressing, Honey, Saline, Ulcer, Wagner's grading

[1]. Efem SEE. Clinical observations on the wound healing Properties of Honey. Br J Surg 1988; 75:679-681
[2]. Molan PC, Allen KL. The effect of gamma-irradiation on the antibacterial activity of honey. J Pharm Pharmacol 1996; 48(11): 1206-9
[3]. Subrahmanyam M. Topical application of honey in Treatment of Burns. Br J Surg 1991; 78(4):497-498
[4]. P.S. Baghel, S.Shukla, and R.Randa Á comparative Study toevaluate the effects of Honey dressing and Silver Sulphadiazine dressing in burn patients; Indian J Plast Surg › v.42(2); Jul-Dec 2009
[5]. Suhaimi, Anwar; Hairi, Farizah; Akka, Zainabe Syed; Yusof, Kamaruddin Mohd; The Efficacy of Honey Dressing in Wound Management: A Clinical Observation; Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences;Jan2007, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p11

Abstract: Background of the study: The Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms are emerging as a serious threat to the community and its incidence especially from body fluids has been increasing rapidly over the past years. The aim of this study was to detect the ESBL producing organisms in body fluids in a tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study that was conducted in Department of Microbiology, DM WIMS, Wayanad. A total of 160 isolates were obtained from various exudates. Samples were obtained from both outpatients and inpatients.............

Keywords: ESBL, TEM, SHV, Enterobacteriaceae

[1]. Rudresh SM and Nagarathnamma T. Extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae & antibiotic co-resistance, Indian J Med Res. 2011 Jan; 133(1): 116–118.

[2]. Kumar et al. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Escherichia coli from Various Clinical Samples. Infectious Diseases: Research and Treatment 2014;7; 1–8.

[3]. Jonathan, N. (2005). Screening for extended-spectrum b-lactamase producing pathogenic Enterobacteria in district general hospitals. J Clin Microbiol .2005; 43(3):1488–1490.

[4]. Paterson DL, Bonomo RA. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases: a clinical update. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005;18:657–686.

[5]. Mutasim E I, Naser E B, Magzoub AM, Mohamed EH. Prevalence of Extended-spectrum β-Lactamases-producing Escherichia coli from Hospitals in Khartoum State, Sudan M, Oman Medical Journal .2013;28( 2):116-120.

Abstract: Introduction: In India, outbreaks of dengue infections are occuring in almost every year and have become a major heath concern since the last two decades. Many parts of India, including the eastern regions, are now endemic for the dengue infection with increased recognition of atypical neurological manifestations apart from the classical clinical features. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the department of Pediatrics in a tertiary care teaching hospital in eastern India from July 2016 to November 2016 to determine the changing trends of the clinical features in the dengue patients of this region in the recent years among pediatric populations.................

Keywords-: Dengue outbreak, neurological manifestations, encephalitis, encephalopathy Guillain-Barre syndrome, hypokalemic paralysis.

[1]. World Health Organization. Dengue and severe dengue. Fact sheet no. 117, March 2014. Geneva: WHO, 2014. http://www.who.int/ mediacentre/ factsheets/fs117/en/ - accessed March 2017.
[2]. Aggarwal A, Chandra J, Aneja S, Patwari AK, Dutta AK. An epidemic of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome in children in Delhi. Indian Pediatr. 1998;35:727–32.
[3]. Vedpathak VL1, Soundale SG, Lakde RN, Deo DS, Khadilkar HA. Clinico-epidemiological profile of an outbreak of dengue fever in rural area of Ambajogai Mandai, District Beed. J Commun Dis. 2011 Mar;43(1):69-72.
[4]. Narayanan M, Aravind MA, Thilothammal N, Prema R, Sargunam CS, Ramamurty N. Dengue fever epidemic in Chennai-a study of clinical profile and outcome. Indian Pediatr. 2002;39:1027–33.
[5]. Choudhary MC, Gupta E, Sharma S, Hasnain N, Agarwala P. Genetic signatures coupled with lineage shift characterise endemic evolution of Dengue virus serotype 2 during 2015 outbreak in Delhi, India. Trop Med Int Health. 2017 Jul;22(7):871-880.

Abstract: Objective: To find out the incidence, agedistribution, clinical presentation of benign breast disorders. Study design: prospective study Materials And Methods: The present prospective study on clinico pathological evaluation of benign breast diseases is carried out in our institution, department of general surgery, Govtmohankumaramangalam medical college Hospital, Salem, for the period of two years.108 female patients with benign breast diseases were included in this study. Observations and results: Benign breast tumors were studied in general surgery department. Govt Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College Hospital, Salem..............

Keywords: Fibro adenoma,phyllodestumor,fibroadenosis.

[1]. Khemka A, Chakravarti N, Shah S, Patel V. Palpable breast lumps: Fine needle aspiration cytology versus histopathology, a correlation of diagnostic accuracy. Internet J Surgery. 2009;18:1.
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Abstract: To assess resting electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients on maintenance hemodialysis

Keywords: ECG, maintenance, hemodialysis

[1]. Jessani S, Bux R, Jafar TH. Prevalence, determinants, and management of chronic kidney disease in Karachi, Pakistan - a community based cross-sectional study. BMC Nephrol 2014;15:90.
[2]. Alam A, Amanullah F, Baig-Ansari N, Lotia-Farrukh I, Khan FS. Prevalence and risk factors of kidney disease in urban Karachi: baseline findings from a community cohort study. BMC Res Notes 2014;7:179.
[3]. Salman Shafi, Mohammad Saleem, Roshina Anjum, Wajid Abdullah, Tahir Shafi. ECG ABNORMALITIES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. Vol 29, No 1 (2017) Journal of Ayub medical College
[4]. BIGNOTTO, Luís Henrique et al . Electrocardiographic findings in chronic hemodialysis patients. J. Bras. Nefrol., São Paulo , v. 34, n. 3, p. 235-242, Sept. 2012 . [5]. Abe S, Yoshizawa M, Nakanishi N, Yazawa T, Yokota K, Honda M, et al. Electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients receiving hemodialysis. Am Heart J 1996;131:1137-44. [6]. Costa FdeA, Rivera IR, Vasconcelos ML, Costa AF, Póvoa RM, Bombig MT, et al. Electrocardiography in the diagnosis of ventricular hypertrophy in patients with chronic renal disease. Arq Bras Cardiol 2009;93:380-6.

Abstract: Salivary duct carcinoma of the parotid gland is an uncommon highly aggressive tumor. About 200 cases have been reported in the English literature. Pathomorphologically, these tumors showed great similarities to ductal carcinoma of the female breast, which is why they described this tumor as "salivary duct carcinoma." We present the case of a 77-year-old patient with progressive swelling in the neck since 8 months.The MRI examination of the head showed an ill definedlesion.A malignant tumor was strongly suspected, so that a right total parotidectomy along with modified neck dissection(involving Level II-IV Lymph nodes) was performed and sent for histopathological examination.Microscopic examination concluded to a salivary duct carcinoma of the right parotid gland without lymph node involvement.

Keywords-: Parotid gland, Salivary Duct Carcinoma

[1]. Kleinsasser O, Klein HJ, Hübner G. Salivary duct carcinoma. A group of salivary gland tumors analogous to mammary duct carcinoma. Arch KlinExpOhrenNasenKehlkopfheilkd. 1968;192:100–105. doi: 10.1007/BF00301495. (In German) [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
[2]. Valeri RM, Hadjileontis C, Skordalaki A, Pandidou A, Vahtsevanos C, Destouni H. Salivary duct carcinoma of the parotid gland: report of a rare case with a comparative study of aspiration cytology and histomorphology. ActaCytol. 2005;49:61–64. doi: 10.1159/000326097. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
[3]. Ellis GL, Auclair PL. Tumors of the Salivary Glands; Salivary Duct Carcinoma. In: Rosai J, editor. Atlas Tumor of Pathology. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; Washington DC: 1996. pp. 455–488. 3rd series.
[4]. Lewis JE, McKinney BC, Weiland LH, Ferreiro JA, Olsen KD. Salivary duct carcinoma. Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical review of 26 cases. Cancer. 1996;77:223–230. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19960115)77:2<223::AID-CNCR1>3.0.CO;2-N. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
[5]. Seifert G, Caselitz J. Epithelial salivary gland tumors: Tumor markers. In: Fenoglio-Preiser CM, Wolff M, Rilke F, editors. Progress in surgical pathology. Vol. 9. New York: Field and Wood; 1989. pp. 157–87.

Abstract: Objective: To assess health care workers' involvement in health care waste management in private hospitals. Methods: Questionnaires were administered to randomly selected health care workers from selected private hospitals Results: Among 105 health care workers that participated in the study, 25 (23.8%) were doctors, 5 (4.7%) were pharmacists, 25 (23.8%) were medical laboratory scientist, 25 (23.8%) were waste disposer and 25 (23.8%) were nurses. Knowledge about health care waste disposal system among the participants were above average 76 (72.3%), 59 (57.4%) health care workers were aware of health care waste disposal system but the nurses and medical laboratory workers...........

Key words: Health Care workers, Waste management, Infection control

[1]. S.V. Manyele, C.M. Mujuni Current status of sharps waste management in the lower-level health facilities in Tanzania Tanzan J Health Res, 12 (4) (2010), pp. 266-273
[2]. Source:http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/disposed-medical-waste-karnataka-deadly-virus/1/158691.html
[3]. A.J. Rodriguez-Morales Current topics in public health InTech, Rijeka (2013)
[4]. Manasi S (2013) Challenges in Biomedical Waste management in Cities- A Ward level study of Bangalore, pp:1-19.
[5]. World Health Organization http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs253/en/ (2011)

Abstract: The involvement of the ovary in lymphomatous processes is rare. Such an involvement can occur in 2 ways, either primary or secondary, which usually presents with abdominal or pelvic complaints. The distinction is of considerable importance because primary extra-nodal lymphomas run a less aggressive course. We present a case of primary diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma of ovary. The diagnosis was confirmed on histopathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis

Keywords-: Ovary, Non-hodgkins lymphoma.

[1]. Monterrosso V, Jaffe ES, Merino MJ, Medeiros LJ. Malignant lymphomas involving the ovary: A clinicopathologic analysis of 39 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1993;17:154-70.
[2]. Dimopoulos MA, Daliani D, Pugh W, Gershenson D, Cabanillas F, Sarris AH. Primary ovarian non-Hodgkin.s lymphoma: Outcome after treatment with combination chemotherapy. Gynecol Oncol 1997;64:446-50.

[3]. Scully RE, Young RH, Clement PB. Atlas of tumor pathology tumors of the ovary, maldeveloped gonads, fallopian tube and broad ligament. 3rd ed. Washington, DC: AFIP; 1998.

[4]. R. Vang, L. J. Medeiros, R. A. Warnke, J. P. Higgins, and M. T. Deavers, "Ovarian non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study of eight primary cases," Modern Pathology, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 1093–1099, 2001.

Abstract: Aim : The aim of the study is to analyse the predisposing factors, stage at presentation, regional lymph nodes in the stages, the type of surgery done and the prognosis in the patients with carcinoma of penis. Methods: Patients who satisfy the inclusion criteria are taken up for surgery / chemotherapy after history taking , meticulous physical examination and other investigations. The patients underwent different modalities of treatment. The various patient details are charted such as predisposing factors , stage at presentation , regional lymph nodes in the stages , the type of surgery done and the prognosis of the patients in the post operative period and during the post chemotherapy / radiotherapy period..............

Keywords-: Penis , amputation , prognosis , surgery , chemotherapy , FNAC

[1]. Cancer in Norway 2015, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-based Research. Oslo, Norway
[2]. Sandez DF et al. HPV- and non-HPV-related subtypes of penile squamous celle carcinoma: morphological features and differential diagnosis according to the new WHO classification 2015. SemDiagnPathol 2015; 32(3): 198-221
[3]. Sandez DF et al. Pathological factors, behavior and histological prognostic risk groups in subtypes of penile squamous cell carcinomas. SemDiagnPathol 2015; 32(3): 222-31
[4]. ChauxA et al Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology. The role of human papillomavirus infection in the pathogenesis of penile squamous cell carcinomas 2012;29:67-71
[5]. Velazquez EF el al Sem in DiagPathol. Hostologic classification of penile intraepthelialneoplasia 2012;29:96-102

Abstract: Imaging modalities are very attractive tools with respect to prediction of response to anticancer therapy due to noninvasive nature of these procedure, the possibility of repeating the test several times and the use of different imaging biomarkers. These modalities could be used before, during and after anticancer therapy to follow up and predict response, which could very helpful in individualizing therapy. The literature has been reviewed to assess the role of imaging techniques such as diffusion weight magnetic resonance imaging (DWMRI) in the prediction of the response to therapy..........

Keywords-: Brian tumor , DWI , MRI ,Radio-Chemotherapy, Response.

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[5]. Sorensen AG, Emblem KE, Polaskova P, Jennings D, Kim H, Ancukiewicz M, et al. Increased survival of glioblastoma patients who respond to antiangiogenic therapy with elevated blood perfusion. Cancer research. 2012;72(2):402-7.

Abstract: Objectives We have evaluated changes in tumor ADC on DWI values before and after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy to predict the treatment response in LABC and to measure the response to NACT among patients with locally advanced breast cancers preoperatively. Materials and Methods The following databases including Embase, the Cochrane library, MEDLINE, PubMed, Elsevier, Springer and free journals were searched via the search queries published until 1 July 2016. In order to have qualification for this study, we determined that a study should consist patients by newly diagnosed or recurrent, histologically proven breast cancer undergoing NACT who were imaged using MRI and predefined inclusion, extraction criteria and exclusion criteria...................

Keywords-: Diffusion-Weighted MRI, Locally Advanced Breast Cancer (LABC), MR imaging, Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

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