iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-8 ~ August-2017

Abstract: Background: Varnish, when brushed onto the teeth, provides a highly concentrated dose of fluoride and maintains prolonged contact with enamel to inhibit caries. Objective: Our study aims to evaluate the effect of mineralizing fluorine varnish on the progression of initial caries of enamel in temporary dentition by laser fluorescence. Material and Methods: Object of observation. 1 group - 100 children aged 3, 4, 5 and 6 years treated with Clinpro ™ White Varnish with TCP (Tri-Calcium phosphate) (3M) – CV. Two groups - 100 children aged 3, 4, 5 and 6 years without treatment with varnish CV. Location of the study – University Medical Dental Center Varna, Clinical Halls for Children's Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine – Varna. Units of observation.............

Keywords: caries, lesions d1, d2, temporary teeth, DIAGNOdent Pen

[1]. Weintraub J, Ramos-Gomez F, Jue B et al. Fluoride Varnish Efficiancy in Preventing Early Childhood Caries. Journal of Dental Research. 2006; 85(2):172-176.
[2]. Weintraub JH. L. Fluoride varnish for caries prevention: comparisons with other preventive agents and recommendations for a community- based protocol. Special Care Dentistry. 2003;23(5):180-186.
[3]. ASTDD. Fluoride Varnish: an Evidence- Based Approach. Association of State and Teritorial Dental Directors (ASTDD), Research Brief, Fluorides Committee.
[4]. Seppa L. Fluoride varnish in Caries Prevention. Medical Principles and Practice. 2004;13:307-311.
[5]. Recommendations for using fluoride to prevent and control dental caries in the United States. Center for Disease. Control and Prevention. MMWR Recom Rep. Aug 17 2001; 50(RR-14): 1-42.

Abstract: Congenitally missing lateral incisors are a frequently seen anomaly leading to an unpleasant smile. Reduced tooth material also causes a problem for establishing a functional occlusion. Management of such cases often requires an interdisciplinary approach. This case report describes management of congenitally missing maxillary lateral bilaterally with prosthetic replacement after creating space orthodontically.

Keywords: Bilateral, congenitally, interdisciplinary, lateral incisors, missing

[1]. Muller TP, Hill IN, Petersen AC, Blayney JR. A survey of congenitally missing permanent teeth. J Am Dent Assoc 1970, 81:101-7. [2] Rose JS. A survey of congenitally missing teeth excluding third molars in 6,000 orthodontic patients. Dent Pratt 1966;17: 107-14.
[2]. Dahl E. Craniofacial morphology in congenital clefts of the lip and palate. Acta Gdontol Stand 1970;28(suppl 57).
[3]. Graber LW. Congenital absenceof teeth: a review with emphasis on inheritance patterns. J Am Dent Assoc 1978;96:266-75.
[4]. Woodworth DA, Sinclair PM, Alexander RG. Bilateral congenital absenceof maxillary lateral incisors: acraniofacial and dental cast analysis. AM J ORTHOD1985;87:280-93.
[5]. Kokich VG. Managing orthodontic–restorative treatment for the adolescent patient. In: McNamara JA, Brudon WL, editors. Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics. Ann Arbor (Mich): Needham Press; 2001. p. 423-52.

Abstract: Background: Cirrhosis of liver is the commonest complication of long term consumption of alcohol. Alcohol consumption is on a rise in our community. Hyponatremia is one of the factors which determines the prognosis. The level of serum sodium has significant role in the occurrence of decompensation in a cirrhotic patient. Aims and Objectives:This study is to determine the prevalence of hyponatremia in cirrhotic patients and its correlation with the occurrence of complications in those patients. Materials and methods:A prospective study was conducted in 150 inpatients at the Government Medical College, Ernakulam who were admitted with diagnosis of cirrhosis.............

Keywords: Hyponatremia, Ascites, Oedema, Portal hypertension, Hepatic - encephalopathy, Secondary bacterial peritonitis, Multiple Admissions, Mortality

[1]. Bal* R, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai I. full-t Bal* R, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai I. Prevalence of Alcohol Dependence among Males in Thiruvananthapuram District, KeralaextResearch & Reviews: Journal of Social Sciences Published: 18/11/2015
[2]. Walsh K, Alexander G. Alcoholic liver disease. Postgr Med J. 2000; 76:280–6.
[3]. Patil AM, K MA, Yendigeri SM, Sajanar BB. Study of Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis in Hospital Based Patients, Bijapur, Northern Karnataka, India. Int J Curr. Med Appl Sci. 2015; 7(1):16–20.
[4]. Jong Hoon Kim, JUne Sung Lee, Seuk Hyun Lee, Won Ki Bae, Nam-Hoon Kim, Kyung-Ah Kim Y-SMoo. The association between the serum sodium level and the severity of complications in liver cirrhosis. Korean J Intern Med. 2009;24:106–12
[5]. Angeli P, Wong F, Watson H, Ginès P, Castelpoggi CHF, Ferraz ML, et al.

Abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common catastrophic clinical condition encountered in most of the hospitals, associated with poor short and long term mortality and morbidity . "RIFLE /AKIN" criteria is used for diagnosis and classification of AKI Aims and O Bjectives : This study was undertaken to understand about the clinical spectrum of the disease ; common modes of clinical presentations, etiological factors and outcome of AKI and to correlate these features with laboratory findings which may help in diagnostic and prognostic approach for better case management. Method: This prospective study involved 150 patients of AKI admitted in 2 year interval between May 2013 to May 2015.The clinical and laboratory data were recorded and analyzed from admission to discharge .Statistical analysis were done with SPSS version..............

Keywords: Acute Kidney Injury , etiology ,Snake bite causing AKI

[1]. Brady HR, Singer GG. Acute renal failure. Lancet 1995; 346:1533-1540.
[2]. Lameire N, Van Biesen W, Vanholder R. Acute renal failure. Lancet 2005; 365:417-430.
[3]. Lassnigg A, Schmidlin D, Mouhieddine M, et al. Minimal changes of serum creatinine predict prognosis in patients after cardiothoracic surgery: a prospective cohort study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15:1597-1605.
[4]. Thakar CV, Worley S, Arrigain S, et al. Influence of renal dysfunction on mortality after cardiac surgery: modifying effect of preoperative renal function. Kidney Int 2005; 67:1112-1119.
[5]. Hoste EA, Kellum JA. Acute renal failure in the critically ill: Impact on morbidity and mortality. Contrib Nephrol 2004; 144:1-11.

Abstract: Meningiomas are one of the commonest tumor of central nervous system. Meningioma is the most common nonglial intracranial neoplasm, arising from meningiocytes (arachnoid cap cells) of arachnoid granulation tissue. These neoplasms are most likely to be diagnosed in females, during the middle decades of life. They are rarely found in children. These tumors are rarely found extracranially. Primary extracranial meningiomas do not have connections to dura or any other intracranial structure, while secondary extracranial meningiomas have dural extension and/ or metastasis..............

Keywords: Extracranial, Meningioma, Sinonasal, Psammomatous.

[1]. Cushing H, Elsenhart L. Meningiomas, their classification, regional behavior, life history and surgical end results. Springfield, IL: Thomas, 1938
[2]. Leestma JE. Brain tumors. Am J Pathol. 1980;100:239–316. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
[3]. Chang CY, Cheung SW, Jackler RK. Meningiomas presenting the temporal bone: the pathways of spread from an intracranial site of origin. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1998; 119:658–64.
[4]. Galm T, MacGregor F, Sinclair AM, Hunter J, McPhaden A. Extracranial meningioma presenting as a neck mass in a patient with underlying ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 2006; 33: 1883–5.
[5]. Nichols RD, Knighton RS, Chason JL, Strong DD. Meningioma in the parotid region. Laryngoscope. 1987; 97:693–6.
[6]. Gilbert ME, Shelton C, McDonald A, Salzman KL, Harnsberger HR, Sharma PK, et al. Intraventricular meninigiomas: a report of 25 cases. Neurosurg Rev. 2006; 29:36–40.

Abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate whether there is correlation between the face form and the shape of the maxillary central incisor as advocated by Leon William in the subjects of Kerala. The samples were selected from among the patients attending the op of Govt Dental College Thiruvananthapuram. A total of 500 subjects were selected of which 250 were males and 250 were females. The age group was between 15 to 35 years. The outline form of the face was determined by measuring the width and length of the face in a photograph. The width was measured in the zygomatic region and the length is determined............

Keywords: Facial outline,central inscisor, zygomatic mesiodistal ,cervicoincisal

[1]. Sellen.PW, Jagge.DC , Harrison.A ,Computer generated Study of the Correlation between tooth form arch form and palatal contours JProsthetDent 1998; 2:163-168.
[2]. Tay.L Herrera.D, Bernabe E,LagravereM, Delgado.L,Esthetic perception towards different combination of facial contours and upper incisor shape .BrazJOral Scie 2009;8(2):193-96.
[3]. William J Leon ,A new classification of Human tooth form with special reference to new system of artificial tooth Dental Cosmos Vol56:627 -628,1914.
[4]. Frush J and Fisher R How dentogenic restoration interprect the sex factor J Prosthet Dent 1956;6:160-72.
[5]. Mavroskoufis Ritchie GM The face form as a guide for the Selection of maxillary central incisor . J.Prosthet Dent; 1980, 43(5):501-5.
[6]. Varjao M Sualdini S Russi S Neudenin J .Correlation between maxillary central incisor form and face form in four facial groups. Quintessence Int 2006;31(10): 767-77.

Abstract: Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of four different irrigation regimes on removal of smear layer and smear plugs at the tubular apertures in the middle and apical thirds of the root canals by using Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM). Settings and Design: In vitro material science study. Materials and methods: Twenty human mandibular first premolars were used for this study. The teeth were divided into 4 groups-Group I,0.9% physiological saline, Group II ,5.25% alternate use of sodium hypochlorite and 3% hydrogen peroxide, Group III, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 3% hydrogen peroxide and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Group IV,5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 3% hydrogen peroxide and ethylene glycol-bis (β-amino ethyl ether) -N'N'N', N-tetraacetic acid (EGTA)..............

Keywords: EDTA, EGTA, Irrigation, Smear layer, SEM

[1]. Abbott PV, Heijkoop PS, Cardaci SC, Hume WR. An SEM study of the effects of different irrigation irrigation sequences and ultrasonics. Int Endod J 1991; 24: 308-316.
[2]. Alacam T. Scanning electron microscope study comparing the efficacy of endodontic irrigating systems Int Endod J 1987; 20:287-94.
[3]. Bystrom A, Sundquist G. Bacteriologic evaluation of the efficacy of mechanical root canal instrumentation in endodontic therapy. Scand J. Dent. Res 1981; 89: 321-328

Abstract: Saliva plays an important role in acquired pellicle formation on tooth surfaces, crystal growth homeostasis, bacterial adhesion, plaque formation. The role of smoking as a contributory factor in the progression of the periodontal disease process has long been suspected

Keywords : Salivary calcium, periodontitis, smoking

[1]. Vandana K. Laxman, Sridhar Annaji. Tobacco use and its effects on the periodontium and periodontal therapy. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 2008;9:1-11.
[2]. Mani Ameet M, Mani Shubhangi A, Tejnani Avneesh H, Gupta Ankit. Smoking-a true periodontal hazard. International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 2013;2:268-72.
[3]. Maryam Rad, Shahla Kakoie, Fateme Niliye Brojeni Nasim Pourdamghan. Effect of long-term smoking on whole-mouth salivary flow rate and oral health. Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics and Dental Projects, 2010;4:110-14.
[4]. Ana Pejcic, Radmila Obradovic, Ljiljana Kesic, Draginja Kojovic. Smoking and periodontal disease - a review. Medicine and Biology, 2007;14:53–9.
[5]. KK Hilgers, DF Kinane. Smoking, periodontal disease & the role of the dental profession. International Journal of Dental Hygiene, 2004;2:56-63.

Abstract: Introduction: Ileal perforation is a common cause of acute abdomen in developing countries like India. Common causes of ileal perforation are: Typhoid fever, Trauma,Tuberculosis, Iatrogenic and other causes. Objective:To analyse the modality of surgery having least complications in different groups of ileal perforation. Material and Methods:Total 60 patients were taken in this study with diagnosis of ileal perforation. Three groups of patients were made depending on duration and number of perforation. GROUP A- 17 Patients having single perforation and duration of perforation less than 24 hours.............

Keywords: Ileal perforation,surgical management,typhoid

[1]. Nadkarni KM, Shetty SD, Kagzi RS, Bhalerao RA. Small bowel perforation. A study of 32 cases. Archives of surgery,1981;116:53-57.
[2]. Karmakar SR, Dwivedi Dr, Bhalerao RA. Perforations of terminal ileum. Indian journal surgery, 1972;34:422-426.
[3]. Pujari B. Ischemic Enteritis. In Roshan Lal Gupta, Recent Advances in surgery. VOL 1 :176.
[4]. Zachary Cope. A History of Acute Abdomen. 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press,1965,4.
[5]. Bitar R, Tapley J.Intestinal perforation in typhoid fever: A Historical and state of art review. Rev infect Dis.1985 Mar-Apr;7(2):257-71.

Abstract: Detecting patients with active Tuberculosis (TB) disease is an important component of tuberculosis control programs, as early diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis is essential in reducing the morbidity, mortality and the escalating costs associated with advanced disease. We conducted this study to access the usefulness of Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay technique in the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records and rapid diagnostic results of children less than 14 yrs of age with suspected Tuberculosis who visited the pulmonary clinic of Government Rajaji Hospital (GRH), Madurai from January 2017 to June 2017. Various pulmonary and extra pulmonary specimens were collected under aseptic precautions. These Xpert MTB/RIF.............

Keywords: Gene-Xpert, tuberculosis, children

[1]. Detjen, Anne K et al. "Xpert MTB/RIF Assay for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." The Lancet. Respiratory medicine 3.6 (2015): 451–461. PMC. Web. 2 Aug. 2017.

[2]. Bates M1, O'Grady J, Maeurer M, Tembo J, Chilukutu L, Chabala C, Kasonde R, Mulota P, Mzyece J, Chomba M, Mukonda L, Mumba M, Kapata N, Rachow A, Clowes P, Hoelscher M, Mwaba P, Zumla A. Assessment of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for diagnosis of tuberculosis with gastric lavage aspirates in children in sub-Saharan Africa: a prospective descriptive study.Lancet Infect Dis. 2013 Jan;13(1):36-42. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70245-1. Epub 2012 Nov 5.

[3]. Raizada, Neeraj et al. "Piloting Upfront Xpert MTB/RIF Testing on Various Specimens under Programmatic Conditions for Diagnosis of TB & DR-TB in Paediatric Population." Ed. Delmiro Fernandez-Reyes. PLoS ONE 10.10 (2015): e0140375. PMC. Web. 2 Aug. 2017.

[4]. Sekadde, MoorinePenninah et al. "Evaluation of the Xpert MTB/RIF Test for the Diagnosis of Childhood Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Diagnostic Study." BMC Infectious Diseases 13 (2013): 133. PMC. Web. 2 Aug. 2017.

Abstract: Pilonidal sinus can present as acute abscess or chronic discharging sinus. Many surgical treatment options are available for pilonidal sinus ranging from simple excision to various types of flaps procedures. The present study was planned to know the comparative outcome of two methods of treatment of pilonidal sinus disease; first the open group and second the partial closure group. We concluded that partial closure technique for pilonidal sinus disease has short hospital stay, produces quick wound healing, minimum complications and low recurrence rate as compared to total lay open method.

Keywords: Pilonidal Sinus Disease, Sacrococygeal sinus, Intergluteal sinus, Excision, Secondary Intention

[1]. Hodges RM. Pilonidal Sinus. Boston Med Surg J 1880;103:485-6.
[2]. Sondenaa K, Nesvik I, Andersen E, et al. Bacteriology and complications of chronic pilonidal sinus treatment with excision and primary suture. Int J Colorectal Dis 1995;10(3):161-66.
[3]. Hodgkin W. Pilonidal sinus disease. J Wound Care 1998;7(9):48-3.
[4]. Irkorucu O, Erdem H, Reyhan E. The best therapy for pilonidal disease: which management for which type! World J Surg 2012;36(3):691-2.
[5]. McCallum IJ, King PM, Bruce J. Healing by primary closure versus open healing after surgery for pilonidal sinus: systemic review and meta analysis. BMJ 2008;336(7649):8686-71.

Abstract: Chilaiditi's sign is the interposition of the colon between the liver and the diaphragm anatomically; and when accompanied with clinical symptoms it is known as Chilaiditi's syndrome. Commonly, it is an asymptomatic radiological finding and is a rare entity.This rare syndrome need to be distinguished from the more frequently seen causes of air under the diaphragm or else it may lead to unnecessary surgical intervention. Chilaiditi's syndrome may be permanent or sporadic and easily discernable on abdominal or chest x-ray1and

[1]. Saber A.A., Boros M.J. — "Chilaiditi'ssyndrome:what should every surgeon know?" Am Surg. 71(3):261-263, 2005.
[2]. BarroJornet JM, Balaguer A, Escribano J et al. Chilaiditi's syndrome assosciated with transeverse colon volvulus: first report in a pediatric patient and review of the literature. Eur J pediatric Surg. 2003; 13:425-8.
[3]. Kamiyoshihara M, Ibe T, Takeyoshi I. Chilaiditi's sign mimicking a traumatic diaphragmatic hernia Ann Thoracic Surg.2009;87:959-61.

Abstract: The management of patients with traumatic injuries to their dentition is an integral part of the general dental practice. Anterior teeth with fractures that extend subgingivally require a complex treatment plan that addresses biologic, esthetic, and functional factors, such as mastication and speech. Treatment of crown fractures often requires a multi-disciplinary approach. However, crown-root fractures with fracture line below the gingival attachment or alveolar bone crest present restorative difficulties. This case report presents a 24-year-old male who reported with fractured upper right lateral and central incisors and upper left central incisor following road accident..............

Keywords: Anterior teeth, orthodontic extrusion, restorative difficulties, subgingival fracture, traumatic injuries

[1]. Delivanis P, Delivanis H, Kuftinec MM. Endodontic-orthodontic management of fractured anterior teeth. J Am Dent Assoc 1978;97:483-5.
[2]. Johnson RH. Lengthening clinical crowns. J Am Dent Assoc 1990;121:473-6.
[3]. Ivey DW, Calhoun RL, Kemp WB, Dorfman HS, Wheless JE. Orthodontic extrusion: Its use in restorative dentistry. J Prosthet Dent 1980;43:401-7.
[4]. Fournier A. Orthodontic management of subgingivally fractured teeth. J Clin Orthod 1981;15:502-3.
[5]. Bach N, Baylard JF, Voyer R. Orthodontic extrusion: Periodontal considerations and applications. J Can Dent Assoc 2004;70:775-80.

Abstract: Although the overall prevalence of psychiatric disorders appears to be similar among currently pregnant, postpartum women and non-pregnant women, an important exception is the elevated risk of major depressive disorder during the postpartum period. Biological (e.g., hormonal) as well as psychological and social role changes associated with childbirth may increase the risk of major depressive disorder during postpartum. This study is performed to determine the pattern and severity of Postpartum Depression (PPD) in patients attending Obstetrics and Gynaecology OPD of MMMC&H. 100 postpartum females would be enrolled in the study and a depression rating scale, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) which is a 17 item, self rated screening tool will be applied.

Keywords: Maternity blues, postpartum depression, Beck Depression Inventory( BDI).

[1]. Robertson, E., Grace, S., Wallington, T., & Stewart, D. E. (2004). Antenatal risk factors for postpartum depression: a synthesis of recent literature. General hospital psychiatry, 26(4), 289-295.
[2]. Correlates of Early Postpartum Depressive Symptoms.Elizabeth A. Howell, MD, MPP, 1, 4 Pablo Mora, PhD,2 and Howard Leventhal, PhD
[3]. Dennis, C. L. (2005). Psychosocial and psychological interventions for prevention of postnatal depression: systematic review. BMJ, 331(7507), 15.
[4]. Seyfried, L. S., & Marcus, S. M. (2003). Postpartum mood disorders. International Review of Psychiatry, 15(3), 231-242.
[5]. Gautam S, Nihjhawan M and Gehlot PS. Post Partum syndromes – An analysis of 100 consecutive cases. Indian J. Psychiatry. 1982; 24(4): 383-386.

Abstract: Background: Intravenous Propofol as Total Intravenous Anaesthesia (TIVA) is being widely used for the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. Sevoflurane is a relatively newer anaesthetic agent which is expensive, but has the advantage of rapid induction and recovery characteristics. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients ASA Grade I and II aged 18-65 yrs were randomly divided into two groups. Group A received Sevoflurane inhalational induction via a vital capacity rapid inhalational induction (VCRII) technique using 8% Sevoflurane from a closed circuit primed for 1 minute. Maintenance was done with 1.5-2% Sevoflurane. Group B patients were induced with Propofol i.v 2-2.5mg/kg. Intraoperative maintenance was done with multistep Propofol infusion (8mg/kg/hr -3mg/kg/hr) via infusion pump..............

Keywords: Propofol, Sevoflurane, Total Intravenous Anaesthesia.

[1]. Lim KY, Wong WH, Kumar S et al Comparison between the effects of high Sevoflurane concentration during induction of anaesthesia using vital capacity breath and tidal breathing techniques in adults.Malaysian journal of medicine and health sciences, 5 (2), 2009, 19 – 26.
[2]. El - Radaideh KM and Al – Ghazo MA Single breath vital capacity induction of anesthesia with 8% Sevoflurane versus intravenous Propofol for laryngeal tube insertion in adults. Saudi Med J, 28(1), 2007, 36 – 40.
[3]. Hall JE, Stewart JIM, Harmer M Single – Breath inhalational of Sevoflurane anaesthesia with or without nitrous oxide: A feasibility study in adults and comparison with an intravenous bolus of Propofol. Anaesthesia, 52,1997, 410-415.
[4]. Konstantopoulos K, Markis A, Moustaka A et al Sevoflurane versus Propofol anaesthesia in patients undergoing lumbar spondylodesis: A randomized trial. Journal of surgical research 2012, 1-6.

Abstract: Recently, there has been a rise in the number of adult patients looking for orthodontic treatment with requirements regarding the duration of treatment and esthetics. Periodontal accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) or Wilckodontics is a clinical procedure that combines selective alveolar corticotomy, particulate bone grafting, and the application of orthodontic forces. This procedure istheoretically based on the bone healing pattern known as the regional acceleratory phenomenon(RAP). PAOO results in an increase in alveolar bone width, shorter treatment time, increased posttreatment stability, and decreased amount of apical root resorption.

Keywords: Wickodontics, Alveolar Bone, Regional Acceleratory Phenomenon, Corticotomy.

[1]. Vig PS. The duration of orthodontic treatment with and without extractions: a pilot study of five selected practices. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.1990; 45-51.
[2]. Reitan K. Biomechanical principles and reactions. In: Graber TM and Swain BF. Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques". St. Louis, MO: C.V. Mosby Company 1985;101-192.
[3]. Wilcko MT. Accelerated osteogenic orthodontics technique: a 1-stage surgically facilitated rapid orthodontic technique with alveolar augmentation. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 2149-2159: 67.
[4]. Guilford SH. Orthodontia: Or Malposition of the Human Teeth, Its Prevention and Remedy". Philadelphia, PA: Spangler and Davis 1893.
[5]. Köle H. Surgical operations on the alveolar ridge to correct occlusal abnormalities. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol .1959; 515-529:12.5.