iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-8 ~ August-2017

Abstract: Background: Neglected Monteggia fractures pose a challenging problem as evidenced by variety of treatment options available. Left untreated they may have fixed flexion deformity with restriction of terminal flexion of elbow or unstable valgus deformity of elbow joint. Materials and Methods: Eight patients with neglected Monteggia lesions were treated between May 2015 and December 2016(1&1/2 years). Average age of patients was 7.1 years and average delay at presentation was 7.6 months. None of the patients were previously treated properly and all had some preoperative limitation of range of motion of elbow joint and forearm. All were treated with ulnar oblique osteotomy with plate fixation without reconstruction of annular ligament after reduction of radial head.............

[1]. S.Terry Canale, James H. Beaty Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 12th edition, 2013
[2]. Anil K. Jain, Sudhir Kumar Neglected Musculoskeletal Injuries
[3]. 2010
[4]. Ladermann , A. Ceron, D. Lef`evre , Y. et all Surgical treatment of missed Monteggia lesions in children Journal of Childrens' Orthopaedics (2007) 1:237

Abstract: Background; Neonatal intestinal obstruction is the most common surgical emergency in a new born requiring prompt intervention. It is a life threatening condition with high mortality especially in developing countries. The aim is to study the etiology, sex incidence, age of presentation, management and outcome of neonatal intestinal obstruction in our tertiary care institute. Materials and methods; This is a retrospective study, collected the data from medical records of all the neonates who underwent surgery for neonatal intestinal obstruction..........

Keywords-: Neonates, Intestinal obstruction, Anorectal malformation, Atresia.

[1]. WyllieR. Intestinal atresia, stenosis and malrotation; In: kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF(Editors) Nelsons text book of pediatrics, 18th edition, vol-2, Philadelphia; Saunders-Elseiver, 2008;1558-62.
[2]. Adejuybe o, Jeje EA, Owa J, Adeoba EA. Neonatal intestinal obstruction in Ife, Nigeria. Niger Med J 1992; 22:24-28.
[3]. Smith GHH and Glasson M. Intestinal atresia: Factors affecting survival, Aust AZ J Surg 1989; 59;151-56.
[4]. Kimura k. Bilious vomiting in the new born: Rapid diagnosis of intestinal obstruction. Am FAM physician may 2000; 61(9):2791-8.
[5]. Spitz L. Neonatal intestinal obstruction and intussusception in children, In: Schwartz SI and Ellis H (editors) Maingots abdominal operations, 8th edition, vol 2, New york: Appleton-centuary-croft,1985;1054-62..

Abstract: Introduction: Neonatal infections are the commonest cause of neonatal mortality along with prematurity in India. (1) Early onset sepsis (EOS) is neonatal sepsis occurring within the first 3 days of birth and constitutes a formidable cohort to address as it is more fulminant and has a higher mortality than late onset sepsis (LOS). We decided to conduct a study to quantify the burden, profile of neonates with EONS in our unit...........

Keywords: EONS, incidence, bacteria profile, risk factors, sepsis screen

[1]. Aggarwal R, Sarkar N, Deorari AK, Paul VK. Sepsis in the newborn.Indian J Pediatr. 2001;68(12):1143-7.
[2]. Richard A. Polin, MD and the COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN (AAP Guidelines 2012).
[3]. Jajoo M, Kapoor K, Garg LK, Manchanda V, Mittal SK. To study the incidence and risk factors of early onset neonatal sepsis in an outborn neonatal intensive care unit of India. J Clin Neonatal 2015;4;91-5.
[4]. Bhat Y R, Lewis LE, K E V. Bacterial isolates of early-onset neonatal sepsis and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern between 1998 and 2004: an audit from a center in India.˜Ital J Pediatr.˜2011;37:32.˜[PMC free article
[5]. Chacko B, Sohi I. Early onset neonatal sepsis.Indian J Pediatr. 2005;72(1):23-6.

Abstract: Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) is very critical for child health and survival. Exclusive Breastfeeding and thereafter timely and adequate complimentary feeding are two important preventive interventions against child mortality. World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that neonatal infection, diarrhoea and pneumonia are the major causes of infant mortality globally. This study aims to find out IYCF practices and some of its determinants among the slum dwellers of Barddhaman Municipal area. Data was
collected from 207 respondents. Early initiation..............

Keywords-: Infant and young child feeding (IYCF), Breastfeeding, Complimentary feeding, Slum

[1]. Gupta A, Dadhich JP, Suri S. Enhancing optimal infant feeding practices in India. India Health Beat; 2011: 5 (4)
[2]. Lauer JA, Betrán AP, Barros AJD, de Onís M. Deaths and years of life lost due to suboptimal breast-feeding among children in the developing world: a global ecological risk assessment. Public Health Nutrition. Cambridge University Press; 2006;9(6):673–85.
[3]. World Health Organisation. 55th World Health Assembly. A 55/15. Provisional agenda item 13.10. Infant & Young Child Nutrition.Geneva:2002.
[4]. Infant and Young Child Feeding: Programming Guide. [cited 2017 July 29] Available from: https://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/Final_IYCF_programming_guide_2011.pdf
[5]. Bhattathiry MM, Kumari S. A study on the infant and young child feeding practices among mothers in a selected rural area of Kollam, Kerala. Int J Health Sci Res. 2016; 6(1):26-30..

Abstract: Background: Vacuum assisted closure (VAC) therapy is a relatively new Technology to manage acute and chronic wounds. It is also known as TNP (topical negative pressure) VST (vacuum sealing technique) and SSS (sealed surface wound suction).(1) In this study, negative pressure was applied by vacuum assisted control therapy system in acute traumatic wounds and bed sores. Efficacy of this therapy was compared to the moist wound therapy............

Keywords: Bed sore ; Gustillo and Anderson; Moist wound therapy; Vacuum assisted closure therapy.

[1]. Banwell PE, Teotl L. Topical negative pressure (TNP): the evolution of a novel wound therapy. J Wound Care 2003;12(1):28–30.
[2]. Vacuum-assisted closure versus conventional dressings in the management of diabetic foot ulcers: a prospective case-control study Ali M. Lone, MS1, Mohd I. Zaroo, MCh1, Bashir A. Laway, DM2*, Nazir A. Pala, MD2, Sheikh A. Bashir, MCh1 and Altaf Rasool, MC Diabetic Foot & Ankle 2014, 5: 23345.
[3]. Fleischmann W, Lang E, Russ M. Treatment of infection by vacuum sealing. Unfallchirurg 1997;100:301e4.
[4]. Morykwas MJ, Argenta LC, Shelton-Brown EI, McGuirt W. Vacuum-assisted closure: a new method for wound control and treatment: animal studies and basic foundation. Ann Plast
[5]. Surg 1997;38:553e62.

Abstract: Objective:To study the prevalence of Endothelial Dysfunction in patients with type 2 Diabetes and its correlation with Glycaemic control. Materials and Methods:It was an open label, randomized, comparative, cross sectional study conducted on 120 patients with type 2 diabetes divided into two groups depending on the glycaemic control as well controlled type 2 diabetes and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes respectively based on HbA1c levels (well controlled type 2 diabetes group HbA1c <7.0 and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes group HbA1c > 7.0). Brachial artery FMD (Flow Mediated Vasodilation) was studied in all these patients. Results obtained were statistically aanalyzed with appropriate methods.................

Keywords-: Endothelial dysfunction, Diabetes Mellitus, Atherosclerosis, Flow mediated vasodilaton (FMD),

[1]. Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C. Epidemiology and Basic considerations of Diabetes. In: Munjal YP, Sharma SK, Agarwal AK , Gupta P, Kamath SA , Nadkar MY et al, editors . API Text book of medicine. 9th edition. Mumbai: The Association of Physicians of India; 2012. p.323-27.
[2]. Powers AC. Diabetes Mellitus. In : Longo DL, Kasper DL, Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Loscalzo J , editors. Harrison's principles of Internal Medicine.18th edition.USA: McGraw Hill; 2012.p.2968-70.
[3]. Hadi AR, Suwaidi J. Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetes mellitus. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2007; 3(6):853-76.
[4]. Celemajor DS. Endothelial dysfunction: Does it matter? Is it reversible? J Am CollCardiol 1987;30:325-33. .
[5]. Corretti MC, Anderson TJ, Benjamin EJ, Celermajer DS, Charbonneau F, Creager MA, et al. Guidelines for the ultrasound assessment of endothelium dependant flow mediated vasodilation of Brachial artery.A report of the International Brachial Artery Reactivity Task Force. J Am CollCardiol 2002; 39:257-65.

Abstract: This research is to determine the correlation and suitability between clinical diagnosis and the value of EtCO2 with the PaCO2 value at 15 minutes and 120 minutes later and to know the hemodynamic improvement and outcome in severe brain trauma patients after the target of PaCO2 was reached 120 minutes later and at day 6.This study was an observational analytic study to assess the correlation and suitability between the values of EtCO2 and PaCO2 of severe brain trauma patients in ER RSSA. We collected patient data for 5 months (October 2016 until February 2017...............

Keywords-: Severe brain injury, EtCO2, PaCO2, hemodynamics, outcome

[1]. A.H.A.-A.C.L.S 2010, 'Guidelines', Circulation, p. 135.JM Field,MF Hazinski.
[2]. Alzheimer, 2002, 'The epidemiology and impact of traumatic brain injury:a brief overview,Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, p. 375-378.
[3]. Bazarian J, Mcclung J, Shah Manish N,Cheng YT, Flesher W, Krauss J, 2005 :Traumatic brain injury in the united state, p :85-91
[4]. Bullock, Reagan, Mitchel, 2000 :Management and prognosis is of severe traumatic brain injury, part 1,Guidlines of the management of devere traumatic brain injury. J Neurotruma 17:451.
[5]. Capless, SM & Hubmayr, RD 2003, 'Respiratory monitoring tools in the intensive care unit', Cur Opin Crit Care, vol. 9, no. 3, p. 230..

Abstract: Introduction: Bruxing behavior is an oral phenomenon characterized by grinding and/or clenching the teeth at night and/or during the day. Sleep and diurnal bruxism cause many signs and symptoms in the teeth, alveolar bone, periodontal membrane, temporomandibular joints and masticatory muscles. Headache pain is reported more frequently in nocturnalbruxers and is a manifestation of stronger masticatory forces applied on the teeth. Aim: Study the frequencies of sleep bruxism and morning awakening with headache in bruxers; assess whether pain can be distributed over a wider anatomic area in sleepbruxers.............

Keywords: Sleep bruxism. Diurnal Bruxism.Temporomandibular Disorders. Morning awakening with headache..

[1]. Dimitroulos G. Temporomandibulardisorders: a clinicalupdate. BMJ 1998; 317: 190-4.
[2]. Fantoni F, Salvetti G, Manfredini D, Bosco M. Current concepts on the functional somatic syndromes and temporomandibular disorders. Stomatologija 2007; 9: 3-9.
[3]. Prasad K, Swaminathan AA, Prasad A. A review of current concepts in bruxism: Diagnosis and Management.NUJHS 20144: 129-36.
[4]. Dantas Neta NB, Laurentino JB, Souza CH, dos Santos DL, Mendes RF, Prado, RR.Prevalence and potential factors associated with probable sleep or awake bruxism and dentin hypersensitivity in undergraduate students. Revista de Odontologia da UNESP. 2014: 43: 245-51.
[5]. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International Classification of Sleep Disorders.Diagnosis and Coding Manual. Section of Sleep Related Bruxism, Third Edition. 2014.

Abstract: Background: Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes(PPROM) is responsible for one third of all preterm births and is associated with significant maternal, foetal and neonatal risks. So the objective of the present study were to see the foeto-maternal outcome in patient with preterm prelabor rupture of membrane. Method: This prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in a duration of six months. Total 100 cases were recruited in the study. Patients' data were recorded on a proforma. Maternal outcome was measured on the basis of presence of fever and mode of delivery. Foetal outcome was measured on the basis of weight of the baby, presence of infection (fever), APGAR score and neonatal death. Analysis was performed using SPSS-20..............

[1]. Simhan HN, Canvan TP. Preterm Premature rupture of membranes; Diagnosis, evaluation and management strategies. BJOG 2005;112:32–7.
[2]. Denney MJ, Cuhane FJ, Goldenberg LR Prevention of preterm birth. Women's Health 2008;4:625–38. Golden Berg RL, Cuchane JF, Iams J, Romero R. The epidemiology and etiology of preterm birth. Lancet 2008;371:75–84.
[3]. Morris JM, Roberts CL, Crowther CA, Buchanan Sl;HendersonSmart DJ, Salkeld G. Protocol for the immediate delivery versus expectant care of woman with preterm prelaboure rupture of the membranes close to term (PPROMT) trail. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2006;6:9.
[4]. Smith G, Rafuse C, Anand N, Brenanan B, Connors G, Crane J, et al. Prevalence, Management and outcomes of preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes of women in Canada. J Obstet Gynecol Can 2005;27:547–53.
[5]. Tahir S, Aleem M, Aziz R. Incidence and out come of preterm premature rupture of membranes. Pak J Med Sci 2002;18(1):26–32

Abstract: This study was designed to detect the microbial contamination in dental unit water line DUWL of several dental clinic in Baghdad city . Fifteen dental clinic were surveyed in current study; water samples were collected from the air/water syringe, high speed handpiece and washing water from each dental clinic. The samples were examined for bacterial contamination and colony forming unit (CFU) for each water sources in dental chair (air/water syringe, high speed handpiece and washing water) was determined.Bacterial flora were isolated with the filtration method. Recovery..............

Keywords: Dental Unit Water Lines ,Biofilm , BacterialContamination, water syringe

[1]. Sanjay Nandwani S , Paul J L . Biofilm and Dental water lines. JICD 2000 ;47:30 – 33.

[2]. Donlan R M , and Costerton, J W Biofilms. Survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002; 15:167-93.

[3]. Mills S E .The dental unit waterlines controversy: Defusing the myths, defining the solutions. J Am Dent Assoc 2000 ; 131:1427-41.

[4]. Pankhurst C L . Risk assessment of dental unit waterline contamination. Prim Dent Care 2003 ; 10 :5-10.

[5]. Ajami B , Ghazvini K , Movahhed T , Ariaee N , Shakeri, M And Makarem S .Contamination of a dental unit water line system by legionella pneumophila in the mashhad school of dentistry in 2009. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2012 ; 14:376-8.

Abstract: Background: Dental anxiety is a complex phenomenon, and no one single variable can account behind its cause and development; therefore, there are a number of factors that have consistently been linked with a greater incidence of dental anxiety including personality characteristics, fear of pain, and past traumatic dental experiences particularly in childhood. Objectives: General: To assess the attitude and practice of dentists towards management of dental fear and anxiety. Specific objectives: To assess the practice of dentists regarding dental fear and anxiety management strategies and to analyze the relationship between dentist's practice of management of dental fear and anxiety and correlate it with their demographic data.

Keywords: Management, Dental Fear, Anxiety, dental Hospitals, Sudan.

[1]. Bracha HS, Vega EM and Vega CB (2006). "Posttraumatic dental-care anxiety (PTDA): Hawaii Dent J 37 (5): 17–9.
[2]. UIf Breggren, (1984). "Dental fear and avoidance: causes, symptoms, and consequence". The Journal of the American Dental Association, issue 2, VOL 109, 247-251.
[3]. raghad hmud and laurence j. walsh Brisbane, Australia, international dentistry sa VOL. 9, NO. 5, 14.
[4]. Stabholz A, Peretz B (April 1999). "Dental anxiety among patients prior to different dental treatments". International Dental Journal 49 (2): 90–4
[5]. Locker D, Shapiro D, Liddell A (June 1996). "Negative dental experiences and their relationship to dental anxiety". Community Dental Health 13 (2): 86–92..

Abstract: Atraumatic dental extraction requires a complete preoperative assessment of the patient prior to surgery. The clinician must know the patient's medical status, and assess the level of difficulty of the extraction. During the extraction procedure, basic atraumatic surgical techniques must be followed and the clinician must be prepared to manage complications should they arise

Keywords-: Maxillary molar extraction; Dentoalveolar trauma; Conservative approach

[1]. Peterson L, Ellis E, Hupp J, Tucker M, Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 3rd ed. St. Louis Mosby 1998:797
[2]. Little J, Dental Management of the Medically Compromised Patient 6th ed. 2002:736
[3]. Oral Surgery for the General Dentist— Atraumatic Extractions A Peer-Reviewed Publication Written by Bach T Le, DDS, MD, FICD With Lucas A Hardy, DMD and Robert Ryan Goos, DM.

Abstract: Background: FIB-4 Score is a simple formula to predict liver fibrosis based on the standard biochemical / hematological values i.e. AST, ALT, Platelet count and age. The Score lower than 1.45 has a Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of 95% for significant fibrosis i.e. F3-F4 while, a Score of greater than 3.25 has a PPV of 80% for advance fibrosis i.e. F3-F4. So an improvement of FIB-4 Score is a possible indicator of change in liver fibrosis...............

Keywords: FIB-04 Score, hepatitis C, ribavirin, pegylated interferon

[1]. Cadranel, J.F., Rufat, P., & Degos, F. (2000). Practices of liver biopsy in France: results of a prospective nationwide survey. For the Group of Epidemiology of the French Association for the Study of the Liver (AFEF). HEPATOLOGY; 32:477-481.
[2]. Castera, L., Negre, I., Samii, K., & Buffet, C. (1999). Pain experienced during percutaneous liver biopsy. HEPATOLOGY, 30:1529-1530.
[3]. Bravo, A. A., Sheth, S. G., & Chopra, S. (2001). Liver biopsy. New England Journal of Medicine, 344:495-500.
[4]. Myers, R. P., De Torres, M., Imbert-Bismut, F., Ratziu, V., Charlotte, F., & Poynard, T. (2003). Biochemical markers of fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C: a comparison with prothrombin time, platelet count, and age-platelet index. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 48:146-153.
[5]. Berho, M., & Suster, M. (1994), Mucinous meningioma. Report of an unusual variant of meningioma that may mimic metastatic mucin-producing carcinoma. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 18; 100-106.

Abstract: Aim: To identify different types of haemoglobinopathies using high performance liquid chromatography in anaemic patients and correlation of haemoglobinopathies with ethnicity. Methods: A Prospective cross sectional study done in 42 anaemic patients admitted in Department of Medicine and Department of Paediatrics in RIMS from November 2014 to December 2015.The diagnosis of Haemoglobinopathies was based on High Performance Liquid Chromatography...........

Keywords: Haemoglobinopathies, Sickle cell Disease, Thalassemia.

[1]. Harrison, s principles of internal medicine,19th edition, volume 2, chapter 127,pg 631.
[2]. De GRUCHY "S clinical haematology in medical practice, 6th adapted edition , chapter 7 pg 120
[3]. A Brief History Of Sickle Cell Disease,revised april 10,2002.(http:/sickle.bwh.harvard.edu/scd_history.html)
[4]. De GRUCHY "S clinical haematology in medical practice, 6th adapted edition , chapter 7 pg 121

[5]. Weatherall DJ (1991) The New Genetics and Clinical Practice, 3rd edn.Oxford Medical Publications.

Abstract: Introduction: Myelomeningocele is a form of spina bifida and may affect as 1 out of 4000 infants. Hydrocephalus and Arnold chiari malformation II are the most common associations with myelomeningocele. Low levels of folic acid in a woman body before and during early pregnancy and parental consanguinity appear to play a major part in this type of congenital defects. Objectives: Analyzing the incidence of myelomeningocele associated with Arnold chiari malformation II and hydrocephalus in children born out of consanguineous...........

Keywords-:Myelomeningocele (MMC), Arnold chiari malformation II(ACM II), hydrocephalus(HCP), folic acid, consanguinity.

[1]. Humphreys RP. Spinal Dysraphism. In: Wilkins RH, Rengachary SS, editors. Neurosurgery. Newyork: McGraw-Hill; 1985. pp. 2041-2052.
[2]. Eckstein HB, Macnab GH: Myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus: The impact if modern treatment. Lancet 1966; 1:842-845.
[3]. Liptak GS, Bloss JW, Briskin H et al: The management of children with spinal dysraphism. J ChildNeurol 1988; 3:3-20.
[4]. Epstein MH,Udvaehely GB: spina bifid, in Welch KJ, Randolph JG, Ravitch MM, et al; Pediatric surgery. Chicago, Yearbook Medical Publishers, 1986, Vol 2, pp 1436-1447.
[5]. Morgagni JB: The seats and causes of diseases investigated by anatomy. In Five Books containing A Great Variety of Dissections, With Remarks, Alexander B. London, A Miller & T Cadell, Johnson and Paynem 1769, vol 1..

Abstract: Introduction: Endometrial cancer is the most common invasive cancer of female genital tract. In the absence of treatment endometrial hyperplasia may progress to cancer. Endometrial cancer is more common in women with obesity, diabetes, hypertension and infertility. Aim& objectives:To determine the frequency of occurrence and to observe the correlation between clinical features and pathological findings in pre-cancerous and cancerous conditions of the endometrium. Methods:The present study included evaluation of 190 cases of hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the endometrium. Elicited clinical details were statistically correlated with histopathological findings............

Key words: Endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial carcinoma, diabetes, hypertension, parity

[1]. Kurman RJ, Kaminski PF, Norris HJ. The behavior of endometrial hyperplasia. A long-term study of untreated hyperplasia in 170 patients. Cancer. 1985 Jul 15;56(2):403–12.
[2]. Hanby AM, walker C. Tavassoli FA, Devilee P: Pathology and Genetics: Tumours of the Breast and Female Genital Organs. WHO Classification of Tumours series - volume IV. Lyon, France: IARC Press. Breast Cancer Res. 2004 Jun;6(3):133.
[3]. Rao S, Sundaram S, Narasimhan R. Biological behavior of preneoplastic conditions of the endometrium: A retrospective 16-year study in south India. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol. 2009 Oct;30(4):131.
[4]. Muzaffar M, Akhtar KAK, Yasmin S, Mahmood-Ur-Rehman, Iqbal W, Khan MA. Menstrual irregularities with excessive blood loss: a clinico-pathological correlation. J Pak Med Assoc. 2005 Nov;55(11):486–9.
[5]. Takreem A, Danish N, Razaq S. Incidence of endometrial hyperplasia in 100 cases presenting with polymenorrhagia/menorrhagia in perimenupausal women. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad.;21(2):60–3..

Abstract: Background: Peptic ulcers are focal defects in the gastric or duodenal mucosa that extend into the sub mucosa or deeper. It is one of the leading causes for high morbidity and mortality among all age group throughout the world. No study has been done about association between dietary habits and peptic ulcer in M.B.B.S., students, so we have chosen to study about this. Objectives: To analyze the association between dietary habits and peptic ulcer..............

Keywords-: Spicy foods, breakfast, outside food and peptic ulcer.

[1]. Bhat, Sriram, Johannessen T., Cullen DJ, Hawkey GM, Greenwood DC,Peptic Ulcer, (4th July 2013) (Accessed:12th July 2013).
[2]. Snowden FM.EmeringAnd Reemerging Diseases: Historical Perspective.Immunol Rev.2008;225(1):9-26.
[3]. Murray Longmore, Ian B. Wilkinson, Edward H. Davidson, Alexander Foulkes, Ahmad R. Mafi, Oxford Handbook Of Clinical Medicine, 8th edn., New York: Oxford University Press Inc.; 2010 .
[4]. Sonnenberg A. Time trends of ulcer mortality in Europe. Gastroenterology 2007; 132:2320.
[5]. Kumar, Abbas, Fuasto. Robins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 7th edition. Elsevier Publications, 2008. Pages 797-847

Abstract: Detecting patients with active Tuberculosis (TB) disease is an important component of tuberculosis control programs, as early diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis is essential in reducing the morbidity, mortality and the escalating costs associated with advanced disease. We conducted this study to access the usefulness of Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay technique in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and rifampicin (Rif) resistance. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records and rapid diagnostic results of all patients with suspected Tuberculosis who visited the pulmonary clinic of Government Rajaji Hospital (GRH), Madurai from January 2017 to June 2017. Various pulmonary and extra..............

Keywords-: Gene-Xpert, tuberculosis, pulmonary, extrapulmonary

[1]. Lawn, Stephen D, and Alimuddin I Zumla. "Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Using the Xpert® MTB/RIF Assay." Expert review of anti-infective therapy 10.6 (2012): 631–635. PMC. Web. 31 July 2017.

[2]. Zeka AN1, Tasbakan S, Cavusoglu C. Evaluation of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay for rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis and detection of rifampin resistance in pulmonary and extrapulmonary specimens. J ClinMicrobiol. 2011 Dec;49(12):4138-41. doi: 10.1128/JCM.05434-11. Epub 2011 Sep 28.

[3]. Guenaoui K1, Harir N1, Ouardi A1, Zeggai S1, Sellam F1, Bekri F1, CherifTouil S1. Use of GeneXpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin for rapid detection of rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains of clinically suspected multi-drug resistance tuberculosis cases. Ann Transl Med. 2016 May;4(9):168. doi: 10.21037/atm.2016.05.09.

[4]. Pandey S1, Congdon J2, McInnes B2, Pop A2, Coulter C2. Evaluation of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay on extrapulmonary and respiratory samples other than sputum: a low burden country experience.Pathology. 2017 Jan;49(1):70-74. doi: 1016/j.pathol.2016.10.004. Epub 2016 Nov 29.

[5]. Iram S1, Zeenat A2, Hussain S3, Wasim Yusuf N4, Aslam M5. Rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis using Xpert MTB/RIF assay - Report from a developing country. Pak J Med Sci. 2015 Jan-Feb;31(1):105-10. doi: 10.12669/pjms.311.6970.

Abstract: radiographic investigations provide useful diagnostic information which is beneficial to the patient, however, the radiographic examination carries the potential for harm from ionizing radiation which includes cancer. Although the radiation doses used by dentists might be low for individual examinations, patients are exposed to repeated examinations over time, and many people are exposed during the course of dental care. The unregulated habit of taking of dental radiographs based on a single frequency for all patients could lead to unnecessary patient exposure.The aim of this article is to improve awareness of the dental practitioners regarding the importance of safety standards in dental radiology.

Keywords-: Radiation protection, dentists, safety standards, safety protocols

[1]. T T Farman and A G Farman: Evaluation of a new F speed dental X-ray film : The effect of processing solutions and a comparison with D and E speed films : Dentomaxillofacial Radiol January 2000 29: 41-5
[2]. Horner K. : Radiation protection in dental radiology .: British Journal of Radiology november 1994:67(803):1041-9
[3]. K Syriopoulos, , X L Velders, P F van der Stelt, ,F C van Ginkel, and K Tsiklakis : Mail survey of dental radiographic techniques and radiation doses in Greece : Dentomaxillofacial Radiology November 1998 27: 321-8
[4]. Grover S B, Kumar J, Gupta A, Khanna L. Protection against radiation hazards : Regulatory bodies, safety norms, does limits and protection devices. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2002;12:157-67
[5]. Guidance Notes for Dental Practitioners on the Safe Use of X-Ray Equipment. National Radiological Protection Board, 2001

Abstract: A prospective study of clinically diagnosed 50 cases of oral submucous fibrosis was done in which biopsies of all patients were subjected to routine histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies to molecular markers such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and p53 which is a tumor suppresser gene. All patients were subdivided according to age, sex, and habits and were clinically staged. After confirming the diagnosis on histopathology, IHC studies were done to see the expression of PCNA and p53 in the formalin fixed slides. Patients were in the age group of 21-60 years, 39 (78%) were males and 11(22%) were females. In the clinical stage wise distribution, there were 9 cases in stage I, 14 in stage II, 17 in stage III, 10 in stage IV. On correlating the stage with PCNA IHC grade, it was found that percentage of cases showing PCNA positivity increased as the clinical.

Keywords-: Oral sumucous fibrosis (OSMF), Oral Cancer, p53, Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

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