iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-11 ~ November-2018

Abstract: Nanomedicine is the utilization of knowledge and tools of nanotechnology in the field of medicine. Theranostics is one of the new emerging fields in the branch of nanomedicine. Theranostics combines therapy and diagnostics. Theranostics focuses on the integration of information from a diverse set of biomarkers to create pharmaceutical formulations for a targeted subpopulation where the drug can display greater therapeutic efficacy and less toxicity. Nanoparticles are available in various forms which include Quantum dots, dendrimers, gold nanoparticles, liposomes, magnetic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes. The unique size dependent electronic, optical, thermal, mechanical properties of nanomaterials are the properties that make them to use in the field of medicines..........

KEYWORDS: Theranostics, Nanoparticles, Cancer Therapy, Diagnostics.

[1]. Hegdekar CN (2010) Nanotechnology and the theranostic approach for the future management of cancer and the ethics of nanomedicine, Available at: http://www.medlink-uk.net/wp content/uploads/pathprojectsnanotechnology2011/HegdekarC.pdf (Accessed: 17th September 2016).

[2]. HongD, Fang W. Image Guided Biodistribution and Pharmacokinetic Studies of Theranostics. Theranostics 2012; 2: 1040-53.

[3]. Jeelani S, Jagat Reddy RC, Maheswaran T, Asokan GS, Dany A, Anand B. Theranostics: A treasured tailor for tomorrow. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2014; 6: Suppl 1: 6-8.

[4]. Xie J, Lee S and Chen X. Nanoparticle-based theranostic agents. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62: 1-32.

[5]. Vinhas R, Cordeiro M, Carlo FF, Mendo S, Fernandes RA, Figueiredo S, Baptista V P. Gold nanoparticle-based theranostics: disease diagnostics and treatment using a single Nanomaterial. Nanobiosensors in Disease Diagnosis 2015; 4: 11-23..

Abstract: Objective : To evaluate the maternal & fetal outcomes of pregnancies, complicated by rheumatic heart diseases in a developing country. Methods: This was a 3 ½ years observational study carried out in 100 pregnancies in a women with rheumatic heart disease from January 2015 to June 2018 at a tertiary care centre in India. Results : Mitral stenosis was the commonest lesion (38%) caused by rheumatic fever. 75% of pregnancies were in NYHA class II group, 72% of patients had spontaneous vaginal delivery. The incidence of PAH (mild to moderate) was 53% & CCF developed in 14% cases. No maternal deasth occur in our study. The incidence of LBW baby was 40%. Intrauterine fetal death was noted in one case (1%) only. Conclusion: Heart diseases in pregnancy has a major impact on pregnancy outcome. Multidisciplinary co-operation, proper pre-conceptual & antenatal care are the key measure to improve the fetomaternal outcome.

Keywords: Rheumatic heart disease, Pregnancy outcome, NYHA classification.

[1]. Mudaliar and Menons Textbook of Clinical Obstetrics. Diseases of the Cardiovascular System 2005. 195-199.
[2]. Williams Textbook of Obstetrics 2005. Cardiovascular Diseases. 1017-1023.
[3]. Vinayakumar D. Vinod GV, Madbavan S, et: al. Maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women undergoing balloon mitral valvotomy for rheumatic mitral stenosis. Indian Heart j. 2016;68(6):7S0-782.
[4]. Vinaykumar M, Narnia j, Reddy KS, et al. Incidence of rheumatic fever and prevalence of rheumatic heart: disease in India, hit. I Cardiol. 1994;43:221-228.
[5]. Bhatla N, Lai S, Behra G, Kriplani A, et al. Cardiac Disease in pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2003; 82: 153-9..

Abstract: Purpose: To study the outcome of clear corneal incision on steep meridian in eye with pre existing corneal astigmatism after phacoemulsification. Method: It was a rural hospital based, prospective, interventional study which included 84 eyes of 84 patients with immature cataract and pre existing corneal astigmatism of up to 1.5 D who underwent 3.2 mm clear corneal phacoemulsification procedure either superior incision in patients having WTR or temporal incision in patients having ATR by single surgeon. Thus patients were grouped in two categories depending upon type of pre operative corneal astigmatism. Superior incision and temporal incision, each had 42 patients. The data was analyzed by chi-square test and p value < 0.05 was considered significant..........

Key Words: Pre existing astigmatism, steep meridian, surgically induced astigmatism

[1]. Sangeeta shisode, Sweety Dahatonde. Effect of clear corneal incision on pre existing astigmatism in phacoemulsification. Indian Journal of Applied Research, July 2016; 6(7): 22-24.
[2]. Akbar Khan, Mumtaz Alam, Muhammad Rafiq Afridi, Imran Ahmad. Effect of incision site on pre existing astigmatism in Phacoemulsification. Pak J Ophthamol 2014;30(1): 45-48.
[3]. GVS Murthy, Sanjee K Gupta. The Right to Sight initiative in India. IJO
[4]. Mahatab Khanzada, Arshad Lodhi, Nisar siyal, Shahid Mirza. Change in pre existing corneal astigmatism after phacoemulsification through clear corneal incision. JLUMHS. SEPTEMBER-DECEMBER 2013;12(3): 151-155.
[5]. Yi DH, Sullivan BR. Phacoemulsification with indocyanine green versus manual expression extracapsular cataract extraction for advanced cataract. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002; 28: 2165-9..

Abstract: Background: Considering high prevalence of Anemia in general population and direct impact on patient health, Anemia causes important physiologic effect on the cardiovascular system; however studies measuring Anemia prevalence in population is rare. CVDs, are the most common cause of death worldwide, including (40%) in high-income countries, and (28%) in low and middle-income countries. Present study was performed to analyze the prevalence of Anemia in patients with cardiovascular disease. Method: The study was conducted at MGM hospital with 100 ST-elevated myocardial infarction patients between 18 to 70 years age group..........

[1]. World Health Organization. Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of the Indian Society of Hypertension and 4th International CME on Atherosclerosis, ―Hypertension and Coronary Artery Disease,‖ WHO New Delhi India, November. 2005.
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[3]. Joyce A, Wahr, ―Anaemia and Cardiovascular Disease,‖ Transfusion alternative in transfusion medicine, (2). 24-30. 2008.
[4]. Fauci A, Braunwald E, Kasper D, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, et al. Harrison, ―Principle's of internal medicine,‖ 17 Ed. New York: McGraw publishing Co. 2008.
[5]. Mark J, Sarnak, HocineTighiouart, GuruprasadManjunath, et al, ―Anaemia as a Risk Factorfor Cardiovascular Disease in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study,‖ J Am Coll cardiology, 40 (1). 27-33. 2002.

Abstract: Stature is the natural height and built of a body or person. Stature has been one of the most important factor in the description of the human body characteristics. Various types of parameters are used while estimating stature of human body. Prediction of Stature with the help of head length and head breadth appear to be significant to forensic Science experts, anthropologists, archeologists and demographers. The objectives of the study were to establish correlation of head length and head breadth with height. Material & Methods: This study was conducted on 240 medical, paramedical students and staff in age group of 20-50 of UPUMS Saifai, Etawah, UP, India. Head length and head breadth of subjects were measured by Vernier caliper in similar anatomical position and at fixed time to avoid diurnal variation. Correlation and Regression analysis were carried out..........

Key words: Head length, Head breadth, Stature, Anthropology, Stadiometer

[1]. Agnihotri AK, Kachhwaha S, Googoolye K, Allock A. Estimation of stature from cephalo-facial dimensions by regression analysis in Indo-Mauritian population. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 2011;18:167-172.
[2]. Ahmad N, Mohammad F, Farooque I. Estimation of Height from the Long Bones of Upper limb and Hand Dimensions in South Indian Population. Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Health Care.2014; 1(7):473-478.
[3]. Wankhede KP, Anjankar VP, Parchand MP, Kamdi NY, Patil ST . Estimation of Stature From head Length & head breadth in central Indian population: An anthropometric Study. Int J Anat Res 2015;3(1):954-957.
[4]. Introna F Jr , Di Vella G , Petrachi S. Determination of height in life using multiple regression of skull parameters. Boll. Soc.Ital. Biol. Sper.1993;69(3):153-160.
[5]. Chiba M, Terazawa K. Estimation of stature from somatometry of skull. Forensic Science international. 1998;97:89-92..

Abstract: Stature is the natural height and built of a body or person. Stature has been one of the most important factor in the description of the human body characteristics. Various types of parameters are used while estimating stature of human body. Prediction of Stature with the help of length of middle finger appear to be significant to forensic Science experts, anthropologists, archeologists and demographers. The objectives of the study were to establish correlation of length of middle finger with height. Material & Methods: This study was conducted on 240 medical, paramedical students and staff in age group of 20-50 years of UPUMS Saifai, Etawah, UP, India. Length of middle finger of subjects was measured by Vernier caliper in similar anatomical position and at fixed time to avoid diurnal variation. Correlation and Regression analysis were carried out to establish relationship........

Key words: Middle finger length, Stature, Anthropology, Stadiometer

[1]. Pearson K. Mathematical contributions to the theory of evolution. On the reconstruction of the stature of prehistoric races. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond.1899; A 192:169–244.
[2]. Neeraj Grover murder case. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Neeraj_Grover_murder_case
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Abstract: Perforation peritonitis is the one of the commonest emergency encountered by surgeons. physiological and operative severity score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity (POSSUM) scores has been developed, which would help to identify those patients who are at increased risk of developing complications and deaths. This scoring system is based on 12 physiological characteristics of patient and 6 characteristics of the surgery performed. The aim of this paper is to predict the prognosis in patients of perforation peritonitis using Possum scoring system in a tertiary care hospital in Warangal. Material and Methods: This study was done in Department of surgery at Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Hospital /Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, from February 2018 to September...........

Key words: Possum, Warangal, Peritonitis, Mortality, Intestinal perforation

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Abstract: Background: Bronchial asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease affecting adolescents nationality and worldwide. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of asthma symptoms and associated factors in Faculty of medicine Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The subjects were all the students in the faculty of Medicine. Pre-structured self –administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results: One hundred twelve out of two hundred eighty medical students were participated in the study with a response rate of 62.2%............

[1]. Al-Moamary MS, Alhaider SA, Al-Hajjaj MS, Al-Ghobain MO, Idrees MM, Zeitouni MO, et al. The Saudi initiative for asthma - 2012 update: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma in adults and children. Ann Thorac Med 2012;7:175-204.
[2]. A.M. Al-Binali, A.A. Mahfouz, et al. Asthma knowledge and behaviours among mothers of asthmatic children in Aseer, south-west Saudi Arabia. EMHJ •Vol. 16 No.11 •2010
[3]. Al Ghobain et al. Asthma prevalence among 16- to 18-year-old adolescents in Saudi Arabia using the ISAAC questionnaire. BMC Public Health 2012, 12:239.

Abstract: Presentation of tuberculosis in the post partum period is extremely rare. Diagnosis is often difficult due to its non specific ,clinical , laboratory and radiological findings.This compounded by it's presentation in the puerperal period provided a tough assignment to diagnose.Pelvic tuberculosis may often mimic various gynaecological disorders such as CA Ovary and Pelvic inflammatory disease hence clinical suspicion of the same is essential for careful diagnosis. We report two cases presenting in the puerperium with abdominal pain and fever that were diagnosed by post partum laparoscopy to be tuberculosis ..

[1]. WHO: Tuberculosis in women. WHO fact sheet. November 2015. Available from: http://www.who.int/tb/publications/tb_women_factsheet_251013.pdf .
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[4]. Ali N, Nath NC, Parvin R, Rahman A, Bhuiyan TM, Rahman M, et al. Role of ascitic fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) and serum CA-125 in the diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull. 2014 Dec;40(3):89–91 1
[5]. Rana S, Farooqui MR, Rana S, Anees A, Ahmad Z, Jairajpuri ZS. The role of laboratory investigations in evaluating abdominal tuberculosis. J Family Community Med. Jan 2015;22(3):152–7...

Abstract: Background: About one fifth of global Tuberculosis (TB) burden present in INDIA and it is ninth leading cause of death worldwide. It is very important to early diagnose and treat Tuberculosis cases to stop transmission. Smear microscopy is the cornerstone but sensitivity and its inability to detect drug resistance limits its role in TB controland it has only modest sensitivity and poor positive predictive value. Culture is the gold standard but its results typically not available for 2-6 weeks. We compared the cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) results for diagnosis of pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis with the conventional methods like sputum smear and culture examination. Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in department of pulmonary medicine, BURDWAN MEDICAL COLLEGE BURDWAN, WEST............

Key words: CBNAAT, M. tuberculosis, Smear negative AFB, MDR TB, microscopy

[1]. Marya A, Umrao J, Singh A, Kant S, Kushwaha R, Dhole T. Evaluation of Genotype MTBDR plus assay for rapid detection of drug susceptibility testing of multi-drug resistance tuberculosis in Northern India. IJPM. 2013; 56(2):139-143.
[2]. Sowjanya DS, Behera G, Reddy VV, Parveen JV. CBNAAT: a novel diagnostic tool for rapid and specific detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in pulmonary samples. IntJou of health research in modern integrated medical science.2014; 10:28-31.
[3]. Arora D, Jindal N, Bansal R, Arora S. Rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum samples by Cepheid Xpert assay: A clinical study. Jornal of clinical & diagnostic research. 2015; 9(5):03-05.
[4]. Weyer K, Mirzayev F, Migliori GB, Gemert WV, D Ambrosio L, Zignol M. Rapid molecular TB diagnosis: evidence, policy making and global implementation of Xpert MTB/RIF. ERJ. 2013; 42(1):252-71.
[5]. Walusimbi S, Bwanga F, De Costa A, Haile M, Joloba M, Hoffner S. Meta-analysis to compare the accuracy of Gene Xpert, MODS and the WHO 2007 algorithm for diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. BMC Infectious Diseasesi.2013; 13:507.

Abstract: Pathogenesis of complicated dengue fever is poorly understood but there is evidence that immunoactivation plays important role behind the manifestations of severe dengue. Currently no definitive therapy is available for the management of severe dengue. In this study complicated dengue fever patients specially with ARDS and multiorgan failure were treated with steroid therapy and patients showed significant improvement. Thus this study states successful use of steroid in complicated dengue, a therapeutic challenge.

[1]. Dong T. H. Tam, Tran V. Ngoc, Nguyen T. H. Tien, Nguyen T. T. Kieu, Truong T. T. Thuy, Lai T. C. Thanh, Cao T. Tam, Nguyen T. Truong, Nguyen T. Dung, Phan T. Qui, Tran T. Hien, Jeremy J. Farrar, Cameron P. Simmons, Marcel Wolbers, Bridget A. Wills; Effects of Short-Course Oral Corticosteroid Therapy in Early Dengue Infection in Vietnamese Patients: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 55, Issue 9, 1 November 2012, Pages 1216–1224
[2]. Rajapakse S, Rodrigo C, Maduranga S, Rajapakse AC. Corticosteroids in the treatment of dengue shock syndrome. Infection and Drug Resistance. 2014;7:137-143. doi:10.2147/IDR.S55380.
[3]. Shashidhara KC, Murthy KAS, Gowdappa HB, Bhograj A. Effect of High Dose of Steroid on Platelet count in Acute Stage of Dengue Fever with Thrombocytopenia. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR. 2013;7(7):1397-1400. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2013/6135.3143...

Abstract: A case report of dentin dysplasia type I rare disorder reported to department of pediatric dentistry. Patient complaint of grade I and II mobility in maxillary right and left central incisors respectively

[1]. Montserrat Catala , Unusual Case Of Rootless Premolar , American Academy Of Pediatric Dentistry , 1995; 17.2.
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Abstract: Objective: To examine the difference of sexual function of women using minimal 6 months hormonal and non-hormonal contraception with Female Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Method: This descriptive-comparative study was conducted on 160 women who using hormonal and non-hormonal contraception for minimal 6 months in public health centers in Medan in November 2017 to January 2018. Subjects were selected by consecutive sampling and data obtained using the FSFI questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney test. A p-value less than 0.05 is applied to each statistical test as significant. Result: The majority of women using hormonal and non-hormonal contraceptives in this study were multiparity aged 31-40 years and with normal body.............

Key words: Female sexual function, FSFI, hormonal, non-hormonal.

[1]. World Health Organization web site. [Online].; 2004 [cited 2017 August. Available from: http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/sexualhealth/sh_definitions/en/index.html.
[2]. Casey PM, Maclaughlin KL, Faubion SS. Impact of Contraception on Female Sexual Function. Journal of Women's health. 2016.
[3]. Kariman N, Sheikhan Z, Simbar M, Zahiroddin A, Akbarzadeh Bahgban A. Sexual Dysfunction in Two Types of Hormonal Contraception: Combined Oral Contraceptives Versus Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health. 2017; 5(1): p.806-13
[4]. Ozgoli G, Sheikhan Z, Dolatian M, Simbar M, Bakhtyari M, Nasiri M. Comparison Of Sexual Dysfunction In Women Using Depo-Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) And Cyclofem. J Reprod Infertil. 2015; 16(2).
[5]. Imronah. Hubungan Pemakaian Kontrasepsi Suntik DMPA Dengan Disfungsi Seksual Pada Wanita di Puskesmas Rajabasa Indah Kota Bandar Lampung. STIKES Mitra Lampung. 2011;(40)..

Abstract: Background: Non traumatic compression fracture are normally seen in old and osteoporotic patient but rarely seen in young adult. We are presenting a rare case of a-traumatic thoracic vertebral body fracture in a young adult on antiepileptic treatment. Case characteristic: A 24 Years old male patient presented to us with chief complain of backache for 2 months. He was taking antiepileptic for last 6 month. There was no history of any other significant illness or trauma. On examination, mild localized tenderness with minimal round kyphosis over dorsal spine was present. On radiological evaluation, there was mild collapse of D5 and D9 vertebrae with T2 signal changes of adjacent vertebrae suggestive of osteoporotic compression fracture. Bone mineral density was less and both T and Z score were -1.9............

Key words: Vertebral, Compression, Fracture, Young, Antiepileptic therapy

[1]. Sheth RD ,Wesolowasky CA, Jacob JC et al Effect of carbamazepine and valproate on bone mineral density.J Pediatrics 1995;127:256-62
[2]. Stephen LJ,Mc lellan AR,Harrison JH et al bone density and antiepileptic drugs : a case controlled studyScience 1999-8;339-42
[3]. Valimiki M J Tihonen M, Laittiten K et al Bone mineral density measured by dual energy x ray absorptionometry and novel markers of bone formation and resorption in patient on antiepileptic drugs.J Bone Miner Res 1994:9;631-7
[4]. Kafali G, Erselcan T, Tanzer F. Effect of antiepileptic drugs on bonemineral density in children between age 6 and 12years. Clin Pediatr1999;38:93-8.
[5]. Vestergaad P, Rejnmark L, Mosekilde L. Fracture risk associated with useof different antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsia 2004;45:1330-7.
[6]. Takahashi A and Onodera K. Valproic acid induced osteopenia and itsprevention with alfacalcidol and alendronate. J Hard Tissue Biology2005;14: 275-6..

Abstract: Background: Primary synovial chondromatosis (Reichel syndrome), is a benign mono-articular disorder of unknown origin characterized metaplasia and proliferation of synovial tissue resulting in multiple intra-articular cartilaginous loose bodies of relatively similar in size usually involving larger joints commonly found in men of middle age of third to fourth decade of life. Case characteristic: A 40 year male presented with dull aching pain in the ankle joint left side since last one year which is progressively increasing in intensity along with swelling of the left ankle more towards the anterior aspect with restriction of movement. On examination, there was synovial hypotrophy and crepitation inside the joints with ROM 10 degree dorsiflexion.............

Key words: Synovial chondromatosis, Loose bodies, Ankle joint, Open arthrotomy

[1]. Kotter A, Mayr E, Kundel K, Rüter A. Reichel syndrome. A case report with review of the literature. Chirurg. 1996 May;67(5):556-9.

[2]. R. Hocking and J. Negrine, ―Primary synovial chondromatosis of the subtalar joint affecting two brothers,‖ Foot and Ankle International, vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 865–867, 2003.

[3]. M. A. Adelani, R. M. Wupperman, and G. E. Holt, ―Benign synovial disorders,‖ Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 268–275, 2008.

[4]. E. Buess and B. Friedrich, ―Synovial chondromatosis of the glenohumeral joint: a rare condition,‖ Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, vol. 121, no. 1-2, pp. 109–111, 2001.

[5]. C.-Y. Chen, A. C.-Y. Chen, Y.-H. Chang, T.-S. Fu, and M. S. Lee, ―Synovial chondromatosis of the hip: management with arthroscope-assisted synovectomy and removal of loose bodies: report of two cases,‖ Chang Gung Medical Journal, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 208–214, 2003.

Abstract: Study Design: Prospective study. Purpose: To evaluate functional and radiological outcome in patients with atrophic non union fracture shat of humerus. Methods: 7patients with atrophic non union involving shaft of humerus (proximal, middle and distal third) were included in the study, were managed by open reduction freshening of edges, intramedullary strut graft insertion followed by fixation with locking plates with iliac crest graft at the fracture site and were followed periodically between October 2016 to September 2018 .Clinical and radiological evaluations were performed regularly at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and then at 6-month intervalsStandard anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were obtained.DASH score was used to evaluate the functional results preoperatively and one year after the operation.......

Keywords:Atrophic nonunion, Humerus, fractures, Fibular, Iliac crest

[1]. Adesunkanmi AR, Oginni LM, Oyelami AO, Badru OS. Epidemiology of childhood injury. J Trauma. 1998;44(3):506–12.

[2]. Bickler SW, Sanno-Duanda B. Bone setter's gangrene. J Pediatr Surg. 2000;35(10):1431–3.

[3]. Sarmiento A, Zagorski JB, Zych GA, Latta LL, Capps CA. Functional bracing for the treatment of fractures of the humeral diaphysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000;82(4):478–86.

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[5]. Epps CH, Jr, Grant RE. Fractures of the shaft of the humerus. In: Rockwood CA Jr, Green DP, Bucholz RW, editors. Rockwood and Green's fractures in adults, vol 1. 3. Philadelphia, etc: J. B. Lippincott Co.; 1991. pp. 843–869.

Abstract: Study Design: Retrospective study. Purpose: Management of fracture has evolved significantly in the last few decades due to involvement of modern methods and technologies helping the patients attaining the pre trauma functionalities which has become the goal of modern practice of orthopaedics. But in the developing world like India is still lacking behind the goal due to hindrance of traditional methods of conservative therapy in the management of the fractures. In present study we have evaluated for the loss of functionality of the patients accepting traditional conservative therapy. Methods: In the present.........

Keywords: Tradional coservative therapy (TCT), Bone setters, Complications

[1]. Green SA. Orthopaedic Surgeons. Inheritors of tradition. Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research. 1999; 363:258-263.

[2]. Eshete, M., 2005. ― The Prevention of Traditional Bonesetter's Gangrene‖ The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 2005; 87-B: 102-103

[3]. Agarwal, A. and Agarwal, R. 2012. ―The Practice and Tradition of Bone-setting‖ Journal of Education for Health, Volume 23(1), Pg 1-5.

[4]. Thanni LO. Factors influencing patronage of traditional bone setters. West Afr J Med. 2000; 19(3):220-4.
[5]. Ogunlusi, J., Okem, I., Oginni, L., 2007 ―Why patients patronize traditional bone setters‖. The Internet Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery.

Abstract: Study Design: Prospective study. Purpose: The objective of our study was to compare functional results between parallel and orthogonal plating in the management of distal humerus fracture (AO Type –C) Methods: 40 patients with distal humerus fracture were included in the study out of which 19 patients were treated with parallel plating (group I) and 21 patients were treated with orthogonal plating (group II) between September 2012 to May 2014 at S.S Hospital, IMS, BHU. Clinical and radiological evaluations were performed regularly at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and then at 6-month intervals. Standard anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were obtained. The Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) was used to determine functional results........

Keywords: Distal humerus fractures , AO Type- C, Parallel , Orthogonal ,MEPS

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[4]. Russell, GV, Jarrett, CA, Jones, CB, Cole, PA, Gates, J. Management of distal humerus fractures with minifragment fixation. J Orthop Trauma. 2005;19(7):474–479.
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