iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-11 ~ November-2018

Abstract: Introduction:Paediatric respiratory tract infections are among the most common reasons for attending hospital and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The most infections are limited to the upper respiratory tract and only 5% involve the lower respiratory tract. Definitive bacteriological diagnosis and susceptibility testing would therefore be required for effective management.Objective: To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial pathogens isolated from upper respiratory tract infection of children. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Malda Medical College, Malda. A total of 250.......

Key Words:-Antibiotic susceptibility pattern, Paediatric upper respiratory tract infection, Malda

[1]. K. Kousalyaet. al., Antimicrobial resistance of bacterial agents of the upper respiratorytract in South Indian population, Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research, 1(2), 2010 April-June, 207-215.
[2]. CM Siddalingappa, L Kalpana, S Puli, TK Vasudha, A Acharya, Sensitivity pattern ofbacteria causing respiratory tract infections in a tertiary care centre, International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 2(5), 2013 Sept.-Oct., 590-595.
[3]. E Jacobs, A Dalhoff, G Korfmann, Susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates from hospitalised patients with respiratory tracinfections, International Journal ofAntimicrobial agents, 33, 2009, 52-57.
[4]. AM El-Mahmood, H Isa, A Mohammed, AB Tirmidhi, Antimicrobial susceptibility ofsome respiratory tract pathogens to commonly used antibiotics at the specialist hospital,Yola and Adamawa state, Nigeria, Jn. Clin. Med. Res., 2, 2010, 135-142.
[5]. R Imani, H Rouhi, F Ganji, Prevalence of antibiotic resistance among bacteria isolates of lower respiratory tract infections in COPD , Jn. Med. Sci., 23(3), 2007, 438-440.

Abstract: Introduction: Tumours of central nervous system constitute 1%-2% of tumours in adults. Few studies are available from India which show a lower incidence of brain tumours compared to the developed countries. Not much is known about the epidemiology of brain tumours in South Indian population. Aim: To identify the age groups, gender distribution, different histological types and grades of brain tumours according to 2016 WHO classification. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 122 cases of brain tumours over a period of four years was done. We reclassified and graded the tumors based on 2016 WHO classification. Age and gender distribution, clinical presentation, site of tumour and histopathologic patterns with grade were noted and the data was analysed......

[1]. Yeole BB. Trends in the brain cancer incidence in India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev.2008;9:267-70.
[2]. Louis DN, Perry A, Reifenberger G, Von Deimling A, Figarella-Branger D, Cavenee WK, et al. The 2016 World Health Organisation classification of tumours of the central nervous system: a summary. Acta Neuropathol. 2016;131:803-20
[3]. Jat KC, Vyas SP, Bihari NA, Mehra K. Central nervous system tumors: a histopathological study. Int J Res Med Sci 2016;4: 1539-45.
[4]. Sunila, Kumarguru. B.N., T S Vasan, Manjunath. G.V. Space occupying lesions of central nervous system: A radiological-histopathological correlation study. Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology, April - June, 2018;5(2): 202 – 207.
[5]. Renu Thambi et al., Hospital based Seven Year Histopathological Analysis of Brain TumoursJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2017 Jun, Vol-11(6): EC05-EC08:.

Abstract: Background: The management of Pilon fractures is challenging because of its poor vascularity, scarcity of soft tissues and it's subcutaneous nature. A mechanically stable fracture-bridging osteo-synthesis can be obtained without significant dissection and surgical trauma to the bone and surrounding soft tissues by minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO). Aim: The following study is to evaluate the functional.....

Keywords: Pilon fractures, MIPPO, locking compression plate.

[1]. Olerud.C and Molander.H.A scoring scale for symptom evaluation after ankle fracture.ArchOrthop Trauma surg 1984;103:190-194.
[2]. Ruedi .TH: Fractures of the lower end of the tibia into the ankle joint results 9 years after open reduction and internal fixation : Injury : Volume 5 , Issue 2, 1974,pages 130-34
[3]. Cheng W, Li Y, ManyiW. Comparison study of two surgical options for distal tibia fracture-minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis vs. open reduction and internal fixation. IntOrthop2011; 35 (5): 737-42
[4]. Ruedi TP, Allgower M (1979) The operative treatment of intra-articular fractures of the lower end of the tibia. ClinOrthopRelat Res 138:105–110
[5]. Cory collinge, Robert Protzman. Outcomes of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for metaphyseal distal tibial fractures. J. Orthop Trauma 2010;24:24-29..

Abstract: Introduction: One of the major modifiable risk factors for development of cardiovascular disease is hypertension(1). Complications of hypertension account for 9.4 million deaths worldwide every year. Hypertension is responsible for at least 45% of deaths due to heart disease , and 51% of deaths due to stroke. Slight elevations in blood pressure are associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.There are multiple mechanism that have been proposed for the development of essential hypertension. One of the mechanisms being retention of salt in the body during day. High salt consumption and retention contributes to the development of hypertension and is considered an independent risk factor for vascular remodelling, cardiac hypertrophy, and stroke...........

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[5]. Page IH: Some regulatory mechanisms of renovascular and essential arterial hypertension. In Hypertension, edited by Genest J, Koiw E, Kuchel O. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1977, p576..

Abstract: Echinococcosis also known as Hydatidosis or Hydatid Disease is a major human and veterinary concern. It is endemic in many parts of the world and is caused by infestation with the larval/meta-cestode stage of organisms belonging to genus Echinococcus. It is among the most dangerous zoonoses known. Transmission of AE to humans is by consumption of parasite eggs excreted with faeces of definitive hosts, foxes and dogs.Liver is the most common organ involved but the disease can also disseminate to other organs like lung, long bones and brain. Although AE is geographically confined to the northern hemisphere, but globalization and urbanization resulting in major population shifts has made it necessary for all global health care providers to have knowledge about this disease. This disease is now increasingly being reported from previously unaffected areas. Associated morbidity, treatment related costs and DALY's ( Disease Adjusted Life Years) are high..........

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[3]. Nunnari G, Pinzone MR, Gruttadauria S, Celesia BM et al. Hepatic echinococcosis: clinical and therapeutic aspects. World J Gastroenterol. 2012;18(13):1448–58.
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[5]. Craig P. Echinococcusmultilocularis. CurrOpin Infect Dis. 2003; 16: 437 – 444..

Abstract: According to pindborg and sirsat (1966), osmf is an insidious chronic disease affecting any part of the oral cavity n sometimes the pharynx. Although occasionally preceded by and/or associated with vesicle formation , it is always associated with juxta- epithelial inflammatory reaction, followed by a fibroelastic changes of the lamina propria with epithelial atrophy leading to stiffness of mucosa and causing trismus and inability to eat.1It ia an incsidious chronic disease affecting any part of the oral cavity and sometimes pharynx, although occasionally preceded by and /or associated with vesicle formation it is always associated with juxtaepithelial inflammatory reaction followed by fibroelastic changes of lamina propria, with epithelial atrophy leading to stiffness of oral mucosa and causing trismus and inability to eat .2 OSMF is a high risk premalignant...........

[1]. Ashok L. Red and White Lesions. In Ongole R, Praveen BN. Editors. Textbook of Oral Medicine Oral Diagnosis and Oral Radiology. India: Elsevier. 2013; p 159.

[2]. Ghom AG, Mhaske S. Premalignant lesions and conditions. In Ghom AG, Mhaske S. Editors. Text Book Of Oral Pathology. India: Jaypee. 2013; p 249.
[3]. C.-Y. Yeh: Application Of The Buccal Fat Pad To The Surgical Treatment Of Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 1996; 25: 130-133
[4]. N. J. Mokal, R. S. Raje. Release Of Oral Submucous Fibrosis And Reconstruction Using Superficial Temporal Fascia Flap And Split Skin Graft-A New Technique, British Journal Of Plastic Surgery(2005) 58, 1055-1060
[5]. Pindborg JJ, Sirsat SM. Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1966 Dec;22(6):764-79...

Abstract: Pterygium is a cause of diminution of vision when it encroaches on the pupillary area. It typically develops in patients who have been living in hot climates and may represent a response to chronic dryness and exposure to ultraviolet light, dust and hot winds. It is rarely seen in patients younger than the age of 20 years. The study was conducted to study the clinical profile of pterygium and to compare results of recurrence by excision with limbal conjunctival autografts or postoperative topical Mitomycin Cdrops.
The present study was conducted at the Department Of Ophthalmology at Agartala Government Medical college and GB Pant Hospital over a period of 18 months (October 2016 to May 2018). One of the main aims of the study was to compare the.........

Keywords: Pterygium, Mitomycin-C, Recurrence, Limbal autograft, Vascularisation

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[3]. P. Sivasubramaniam, "Pterygium in Ceylon," British Jour- nal of Ophthalmology, Vol. 55, 1971, pp. 55-59.http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.55.1.55
[4]. M. S. Norn, "Prevalence of Pinguecula in Greenland and in Copenhagen and Its Relation to Pterygium and Sphe- roid Degeneration," Acta Ophthalmologica, Vol. 57, No. 1, 1979, pp.96-105.
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Abstract: Context: - Quality is defined as degree of excellence. The standard operating procedures (SOP) are vital documents which are essential components of quality system in any organization. SOP use is mandatory, as well as records in a prescribed format by all the staff members of the blood bank every time they perform an activity.The accreditation and licensing procedures also demand compulsory use of SOP Aims and Objectives:- To study existing physical facilities, staff pattern, equipment, policies, procedures and implementation of quality control measures in the blood bank services. Study design:-prospective observational study, in blood........

Keywords: quality control, procedures, standards

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[3]. DBC McClelland Hand Book of Transfusion Medicine, united Kingdom Blood Services, 4thedition 2007: section 7;page 60-62
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[5]. Technical manual ,AABB 15th edition:chapter1: 2005;page no1-28

Abstract: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common fungal infection among adult women during reproductive ages. This study was carried out to isolate Candida and to determine the species prevalence and the antifungal susceptibility of Candida species isolated from patients with VVC. A total of 239 women of reproductive age group (18-50years) with complaints of vaginal discharge and clinically diagnosed as vulvovaginal candidiasis were included in the study group. The study was conducted at Obstetrics and Gynaecology OPD (out patients department) of Malda Medical College, Malda and in the department of Microbiology of Malda Medical College, Malda. Two high vaginal swabs were collected from each patient, one for direct microscopy, another for.........

Keywords: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), women of reproductive age, antifungal susceptibility testing, disc diffusion method

[1]. Zahra Salehei, Zahra Seifi, Ali Zarei Mahmoudabadi. Sensitivity of Vaginal Isolates of Candida to Eight Antifungal Drugs Isolated From Ahvaz, Iran. Jundishapur J. of Microbiology, 2012;5(4):574-577.DOI:10.5812/jjm.4556
[2]. Kalaiarasan K, Singh R, Chaturvedula L. Fungal Profile of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2017;Vol-11(3)DC06-DC09
[3]. Kiguil James Mukasa. Itabangi Herbert, Atwine Daniel, Kibuka Livingstone Ssrunkuma, Bazira Joel, Byarugaba Frederick. Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns of Vulvovaginal Candida species among Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, South Western Uganda.Br Microbiol Res J,2015;5(4):322-331
[4]. Lawn JE, Causens S, Zupan J. 4 million neonatal deaths: When? Where? Why? Lancet. 2005;365:891-900. [pubmed]
[5]. Gandhi TN, Patel MG, Jain MR. Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida against Six Antifungal Drugs by Disk Diffusion Method Isolated from Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Int J Cur Res Rev, Vol 7, Issue 11: June 2015

Abstract: Onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis have remained a public health problem, despite several efforts over the years to eliminate them. The prevalence of human lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis was determined amongst 400 residents of Ekpri-Ikang,Ikang and Ebot-20 community of Bakassi Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. The subjects were 140 males and 260 females within the age range of 18-50 years and above who were involved in various occupations including farming, fishingand trading. Onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis infections were diagnosed by the detection of Wb123 and Ov16 antigens using IgG4 antibodies in the SD........

Keywords: Antigens, Detection,Lymphatic filariasis ,Microfilariae, Onchocercerciasis

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[2]. Akinbo, F. O. and Okaka, C. E. (2010). Hyperendemicity of Onchocerciasis in Ovia Northeast Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria. Malaysian Journal of Medical Science, 17(4):20-24.
[3]. Atu, B. O. (2003). Onchocerciasis among the Etulo Communities in Buruku and Katsina-Ala L.G.A of Benue State. Nigerian Journal of Parasitology, 24.
[4]. Cheesbrough, M. (2006). "Lymphatic filariasis". District laboratory practice in tropical countries (2nd ed.) part 1: Cambridge University Press, pp.280-282.
[5]. Galvez, T. J. Z. (2003). "The elimination of lymphatic filariasis". A strategy for poverty alleviation. Filarial Journal, pp.80-85