iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-11 ~ November-2018

Abstract: Context:- Quality is defined as degree of excellence. The standard operating procedures (SOP) are vital documents which are essential components of quality system in any organization. SOP use is mandatory, as well as records in a prescribed format by all the staff members of the blood bank every time they perform an activity.The accreditation and licensing procedures also demand compulsory use of SOP Aims and Objectives:- To study existing physical facilities, staff pattern, equipment, policies, procedures and implementation of quality control measures in the blood bank services. Study design:-prospective.......

Key Words:-quality control, procedures, standards

[1]. http://www.webmd.com , uses of blood transfusion
[2]. Standards for blood bank and transfusion service, 27th Edition, NACO, 2011
[3]. DBC McClelland Hand Book of Transfusion Medicine, united Kingdom Blood Services, 4th edition 2007: section 7;page 60-62
[4]. Hand book of Blood banking and transfusion medicine, Gundu HR Rao, Ist Edition, 2006.
[5]. Technical manual ,AABB 15th edition:chapter1: 2005;page no1-28

Abstract: A study of Pain managementin the patients of Traumatic brain injury (TBI)without CNS complications requiring conservative treatment only, was started at hospital in initial 72 hours of observation and then for next eleven days( total14 days) under trauma division. CT scan of brain and clinical status of patients were used, for guiding the dose of gabapentin i.e.100 mg;300 mg ;400 mgthree times a day (8 hourly), for first three days then twice daily for rest of the treatment, purchased from Government "Janaushadhi" medical stores in Meerut district to eliminate bias with respect to cost, GMP certified manufacturers, adhering to principles of good clinical practices......

Key words: Pain, CT scan, Traumatic brain injury, Gabapentin, ADR, Janaushadhi, cost, GMP,GCP.

[1]. Massenburg B, Veetil D, Raykar N, Agrawal A, Roy N, Gerdin M. A systematic review of quantitative research on traumatic brain injury in India. Neurol India [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 28];65(2):305. Available from:
http://www.neurologyindia.com/text.asp?2017/65/2/305/201868
[2]. Misra BK, Singh VP. AANS Neurosurgeon Neurosurgery in India - AANS Neurosurgeon [Internet]. Vol. Volume 26, AANS International AANS Neurosurgeon. AANS, 5550 Meadowbrook Drive, Rolling Meadows, IL, 60008: American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS); 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 28]. Available from: http://aansneurosurgeon.org/inside-neurosurgeon/neurosurgery-in-india/
[3]. Severe head injury - NHS [Internet]. [cited 2018 Oct 28]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/severe-head-injury/
[4]. Head injury: assessment and early management | Guidance and guidelines | NICE. [cited 2018 Oct 28]; Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg176/chapter/1-recommendations
[5]. Patnaik P, Singh V, Singh D, Singh S. Lateral Ventricle Ratios Correlated To Diameters Of Cerebrum - A Study On CT Scans Of Head. J Anat Sci [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 14];22(2):5–11. Available from:.

Abstract: Diagnosis and treatment of wound infections is a challenge to Clinicians and the Microbiology Laboratory. The present study was undertaken to determine a clinico - bacteriological correlation of pyogenic wound infections. Cultural analysis was undertaken using solid and liquid culture media, All bacterial species isolated were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. A total of 300 samples were processed and bacteria were isolated in 73.6% cases. Monomicrobial etiology was observed in 84.6% cases. The commonest bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (17.8%), followed by Acinetobacter baumanii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.2% each). High resistance was observed to Amoxycillin (56.5%) in Gram Positive bacteria and to Cephalosporins (71.2%) among Gram Negative bacteria. Types of samples yielding bacterial growth were predominantly pus (35.3%) and slough (25.8%). Males accounted for 55.2% of the total culture positive cases. Older age group patients......

Keywords: Wound, pus, culture, antimicrobial sensitivity pattern.

[1]. Zafar A, Anwar N, Ejaz H. Bacteriology of infected wounds. A study conducted at Children's Hospital, Lahore. Biomedica. 2008; 24:71-74.
[2]. Bowler PG, Duerden BI, Armstrong DG. Wound microbiology and associated approaches to wound management. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001; 14(2):244-269.
[3]. Collee JG, Fraser AG, Marmion BP, Simmons A. Mackie and McCartney's Practical Medical Microbiology. 1999; 14th Edn, Churchill Livingstone, Pp 68.
[4]. Performance standards for Antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 27th Ed. CLSI Supplement M100. Wayne, PA:Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2017.
[5]. Hanumanthappa P, Vishalakshi B, Krishna S. A study on aerobic bacteriological profile and drug sensitivity pattern of pus samples in a Tertiary care Hospital. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2016; 5(1):95- 102..

Abstract: INTRODUCTION Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation must be considered to be the most potent noxious stimuli in respect of their effects on autonomic nervous activity. Increase in BP, HR occurs most commonly from reflex sympathetic discharge in response to laryngotracheal stimulation. Tracheal intubation is associated with increase in arterial pressure, heart rate, plasma catecholamine concentration. Different drugs.....

[1]. Stoeltling RK, attenuation of blood pressure to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation with sodium nitroprusside. Anesth Analg.1979;58:116-9 (pub med)
[2]. FOX.EJ Sklar GS, Hill CH Villanueva R, King BD, complications related to the pressure response to endotracheal intubation. Anesthesiology 1977;47,524-5
[3]. Miller. DR, Martineau RJ, Wynands JE, Hill J. bolus administration of esmolol for controlling the hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation. The Canadian multi centric trial. Can.J Anaesth 1991;38:849-58
[4]. Menkhaus PG, Revs JG, Alvis MS, Kirklin JK. Attenuation of heart rate response to intubation by a new beta adrenergic drug, esmolol. Anaesthesiology 1984;61:A20
[5]. Menkhaus PG, Revs JG, Alvis MS, Kirklin JK. Attenuation of heart rate response to intubation by a new beta adrenergic drug, esmolol. Anaesthesiology 1984;61:A20

Abstract: Colonoscopy is a widely used procedure for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal disease as well as for colorectal cancer screening. . But the procedure is not free of risk. The rate of serious complications was found about 0.28% and major complications mostly occur following interventional colonoscopy. In this prospective multicenter based descriptive study, adverse events after the procedure up to 30 days were recorded by telephonic conversation with patient on day 5, day 15 and day 30. Total 247 patients, age varying from 10 years to 90 years (mean 43.42 and SD 17.25) were included in this study for various indications. Of them 60(24.29%) patients complained pain and......

[1]. Manta R, Tremolatern F, Arezzo A et al. Complications during colonoscopy: prevention diagnosis and management. Tech coloproctol DOI 10.1007/S10151-015-1344-z
[2]. Levin b, lieberman DA, McFarland B, et al. Screening and surveillance for the early detection of colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps: A joint guideline from the American Cancer Society Task Forces on colorectal cancer and American College of Radiology. CA Cancer J Clin 2008;58: 130-60
[3]. Ko CW, Domiinitz JA. Complications of colonoscopy: magnitude and management. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2010; 20: 659-71
[4]. Zubarik R, Fleischer DE, Mastropietro C et al. Prospective analysis of complications 30 days after outpatient colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 1999;50: 322-28
[5]. Whitlock EP, Lin JS, Liles E Beil TL, Fu R. Screeninmg for colorectal cancer: A targeted, updated systematic review for the US Preventive service Task Force. Ann Intern med 2008;149:638-658..

Abstract: One of the challenges of the 21st century is the increasing prevalence of diabetes. Prolonged exposure to hyperglycemia is associated with both macrovascular and microvascular complications. We evaluated the relationship between BMI(Body Mass Index) and glycemic control. It is a cross sectional study conducted in 100 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM) subjects in the Department of Physiology and Diabetology in Coimbatore medical college hospital. Unpaired t test shows significant difference in the mean HbA1C values between normal and overweight subjects (p value=0.0012). Fishers Chi Square test shows significant association between BMI groups and glycemic control (X2 = 23.971, p value =0.0000). Hence, the study concludes that, increase in BMI is associated with poor glycemic control. Strict control of BMI is necessary to maintain good glycemic control and thereby to prevent complications and maintain quality of life

Keywords: Body Mass Index, HbA1c,Glycemic control

[1]. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 6th edn. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation; 2013.http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas.
[2]. Umegaki H. Type 2 diabetes as a risk factor for cognitive impairment: current insights. Clinical Interventions in Aging. Dove Medical Press; 2014 Jun;(9):1011–9.
[3]. Kataria L, Pandya H, Shah S, Shah H, Gerg R. Prevalence and pattern of cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus. International journal of medical and applied sciences. 2(4):245–52.

[4]. Rai R, Dahiya J, Chugh P, Sharma R, Chopra C. A Study on Correlation of Anthropometric measures and HbA1c in aymptomatic young adults. International journal of pharmaceutical and medicinal research. 2017;5(2):445-447.

[5]. Gaafar Babikr W, Saad Alturki Alshahrani A, Gumaa Mustafa Hamid H, Hassan Mohammed Khear Abdelraheem A, Helmy Faris Shalayel M. The correlation of HbA1c with body mass index and HDL-cholesterol in type 2 diabetic patients. Biomedical Research. 2016;27(4):1280-1283...

Abstract: Retention, support and stability are discussed extensively in the literature. Various methods, choice of techniques, materials and concepts have been elaborated to attain the maximum of these factors. Stability prevents the unseating of dentures due to the horizontal forces acting on the denture. These forces are most of the time muscular but can also be foreign in nature. Studies have been carried out to modify various steps of complete denture therapy to improve stability in the final prosthesis. A literature search has been performed using PubMed, Google Scholar to identify studies published before 28th February, 2018 with key words complete denture stability, Evidence-based. 16 articles were hand sorted to be included in the current review. The criteria for selection was a direct discussion of one of the above key words as main focus of the literature. The present article is a compendium of researches which have been carried out in context of stability in complete denture, it also consists of evidence-based studies which have questioned some current practices.

Keywords: Evidence-based, Stability, Modiolus, Neutral Zone

[1] Jacobson TE, Krol AJ. A contemporary review of the factors involved in complete dentures. Part II: stability. J Prosthet dent. 1983;49(2):165–72.
[2] Keith J. Ferro, Steven M. Morgano. Glossary of prosthodontic terms 9. J prosthet dent. 2017;117(5s).
[3] Fish EW. Using the muscles to stabilize the full lower denture. J am dent assoc. 1933 ;20(12):2163-9.
[4] Donald 0. Lundquist. An electromyographic analysis of the function of the buccinator muscle as an aid to denture retention and stabilization. J den. 1959;9(1).
[5] Gerd Tryde, olsson, AA. Jensen, r. Cantor J. J. Tarsetano, d n. Brill Dynamic impression methods. J den. 1965;15(6)...

Abstract: Necrotizing sialometaplasia is an uncommon, benign, self-limiting inflammatory condition that manifests mostly as an ulcerative lesion on the palate. It is believed that the lesion is a result of vascular ischemia essentially induced by trauma. Until the present, the establishment of the diagnosis of necrotizing sialometaplasia endures to be a challenge. The significance of this disease lies in the fact that both its clinical and histologic characteristics may mimic those of a malignant neoplasm, especially mucoepidermoid carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. A combination of histopathological and clinical findings is usually beneficial in establishing the affirmative diagnosis. In this article we present a review of the literature and a report of a clinical case of necrotizing sialometaplasia of palate in a young man, heavy smoker.

Keywords: Necrotizingsialometaplasia, palate

[1]. Abrams AM, Melrose RJ, Howell FV. Necrotizing sialometaplasia. A disease simulating malignancy. Cancer. 1973;32(1):130-135
[2]. Aframian D, Milhem I, Kirsch G, Markitziu A. Necrotizing sialometaplasia after silastic ring vertical gastroplasty: case report and review of literature. Obes Surg. 1995;5(2):179–182.
[3]. Aframian DJ. Necrotizing Sialometaplasia—A Practical Approach to the Diagnosis. Archives of pathology and laboratory medicine. 2010; 134(1): 17-17
[4]. Anneroth G, Hansen LS. Necrotizing sialometaplasia: the relationship of its pathogenesis to its clinical characteristics. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.1982; 11(5):283-291.
[5]. Batsakis JG, Manning JT. Necrotizing sialometaplasia of major salivary glands. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology. 1987; 101(9): 962-966.

Abstract: There is a significant positive correlation being observed between homocysteinemia in stroke among young adults with age group between 18 - 45 years . Hyperhomocysteinemia is one of the modifiable risk factor among causes of ischemic stroke in young. All young patients with ischemic stroke need to be investigated for homocysteine level, and treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia may help in preventing recurrence of ischemic stroke. Patients with ischemic stroke who were 18 – 45 years of age, were enrolled in this study. Patients with the age group between 30-35 years showed homocysteine level of 21.26 mmol/litre and those with the age group between 36-40 years showed homocysteine level of 17.28 mmol/litre and those with the age group between 41-45 years showed homocysteine level of 18.0 mmol/litre.

[1]. Tan NC, Venketasubramanian N, Saw SM, Tjia HT. Hyperhomocysteinemia and risk of ischemic stroke among young Asian adults. Stroke. 2002;33:1956–1962.
[2]. Eikelboom JW, Hankey GJ, Anand SS, Lofthouse E, Staples N, Baker RI. Association between high homocysteine and ischemic stroke due to large and small-artery disease but not other etiologic subtypes of ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2000;31:1069–1075.
[3]. McCully, Boysen G, Brander T, Christens H, et al. "Homocysteine and Risk of Recurrent Stroke". Stroke. 2003;34:1258-61.
[4]. Datta S,Pal SK, Mazumdar H, et al. "Homocysteine and cerebrovascular accidents". J Indian Med Assoc. 2009 June;107(6):345-6.
[5]. Kristensen B, Malm J, Nilsson TK, et al. "Hyperhomocysteinemia and Hypofibrinolysis in Young Adults With Ischemic Stroke". Stroke.1999;30:974-80...

Abstract: Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a benign disorder and it accounts for 0.5% of head & neck tumours. It's a highly vascular tumour with absence of elastic layer in its wall making it prone for unprovoked, substantial blood loss. Because of its ability to insinuate into fissures &foramina, surgical extirpation of the mass needs thorough anatomical knowledge and greater surgical skill while approaching the mass in an expanded endonasal endoscopic manner..

Keywords: endonasal,endoscopic.angiofibroma, excision,radiofrequency cautery

[1]. Herman P, Lot G, Chapot R, Salvan D, Tran Ba Huy P. Long-term follow-up of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas: analysis of recurrences. Laryngoscope.1999;109:140-147.)
[2]. Carrau RL, Snyderman CH, Kassam AB, Jungreis CA. Endoscopic and endoscopic-assisted surgery for juvenile angiofibroma. Laryngoscope .2001;111:483-487.)
[3]. Schick B, Plinkert PK, Prescher A. Aetiology of angiofibromas: Reflection on their specific vascular component. Laryngorhinootologie. 2002; 81: 280-284) (Eloy P1, Watelet JB, Hatert AS, de Wispelaere J, Bertrand B. Rhinology. 2007 Mar;45(1):24-30)
[4]. ID Singh, Vikas Gupta, Sunil Goyal, Manoj Kumar and Anubhav Singh. 1. Department of ENT - Head Neck Surgery, Command Hospital, India. 2. Department of ENT, Armed Forces Medical College, India Submission: January 30, 2017; Published: February 06, 2017
[5]. Khoueir N, Nicolas N, Rohayem Z, Haddad A, Abou Hamad W: Exclusive endoscopic resection of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: a systematic review of the literature. Otolaryngol Head and neck 2013 150:350–358, 201420.

Abstract: Background: Evaluation of the involvement pattern of pulmonary interstitium in suspected cases of Interstitial lung diseases with the help of HRCT and chest radiographic findings and then to arrive at a conclusive diagnosis,comparing accuracies of both modalities. Objectives: To compare the accuracies of chest radiography and HRCT in the prediction of specific diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases as well as to study the demographic profiles of cases of ILD presenting to a tertiary-care hospital Method : We investigated 40 patients having symptoms related to suspected Interstitial lung disease with laboratory investigations & imaging modalities like Chest X-ray&HRCT Thorax in our institution, Medical College, Kolkata.....

Keywords: High resolution computed tomography,Interstitial Lung Disease, Usual interstitial pneumonia,Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Systemic lupus erythematosus

[1]. Coultas DB, Zumwalt RE, Black WC, et al. The epidemiology of interstitial lung diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 150:967-972
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[3]. Zerhouni EA, Naidich DP, Siegelman SS, et al. Computed tomography of the pulmonary parenchyma. Part 2: interstitial disease. J Thoracic imaging 1985; 1(1);54-56
[4]. Mayo JR, High resolution computed tomography: technical aspects. Radiol Clin North Am 1991;29:1043-1049
[5]. Muller NL, Miller RR. Computed tomography of chronic diffuse infiltrative lung disease: part 1. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;142:1440-1448..

Abstract: Fatty liver disease is the addition of free fatty acids in liver. This causes an increase in fat oxidation and esterification. When the oxidative stress condition in the liver exceeds the ability of anti-oxidants, it will activate stellate cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines which leads to a progressive inflammatory process. TNF-ɑ is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that experiences a significant increase in NAFLD. Method:This study was a cross-sectional study with a total of 30 NAFLD patients who came to Adam Malik General Hospital Medan,from April to September 2018. Assessment for NAFLD was done by ultrasound imaging. A univariate and bivariate(Chi-square and fisher exact test) analysis were performed using the SPSS version 22......

Keywords: NAFLD, Inflamation, TNF-ɑ

[1]. MatteoniCA ,Younossi ZM ,Gramlich T ,Boparai N ,Liu YC ,McCullough AJ .Non Alcoholic fatty liver disease :a spectrum of clinical and pathological severity. Gastroenterology1999;116:1413-9
[2]. Lesmana Cosmas RA, Pakasi Levina S, Inggriani S, Aidawati ML, Lesmana LA. Development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease scoring among adult medical check-up patients: a large cross-sectional and prospective validation study. Dove Medical Press Limited. 2015;8:213-218
[3]. Hirosumi J, Tuncman G, Chang L et al. A central role for JNKin obesity and insulin resistance. Nature 2002; 420: 333-336
[4]. Setiati S, Alwi Idrus, Sudoy Aru W, et al. Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid II.Edisi VI. Jakarta: Interna Publishing; 2016.(24):260-264
[5]. Paredes AH, Torres DM, Harrison SA. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Liver Dis.2012.5;16(2):397-419.

Abstract: Conventional endodontic treatment require multiple visits, but according to some researchers single-visit treatment is superior and advantageous. Single-visit endodontic treatment and multiple-visit endodontic treatment both have their advantages and disadvantages. Endodontic treatment performed in either single- or multiple visit can be followed by numerous short- and long term complications. One of the short term complications include postoperative pain and flare–ups. Endodontic treatment used to take multiple visits to complete, required a considerable amount of time to complete the treatment. The use of contemporary......

Keywords: Flare up, Multiple visit endodontics, Post obturation pain, Single visit endodontics, Temporomandibular disorders

[1]. Ørstavik D, Pitt Ford TR, editors. Prevention and Treatment of Apical Periodontitis. London: Blackwell Science; 1998. Essential Endodontology.
[2]. Gutmann JL. Clinical, radiographic, and histologic perspectives on success and failure in endodontics. Dent Clin North Am. 1992;36(2): 379–392.
[3]. Ashkenaz PJ. One-visit endodontics. Dent Clin North Am. 1984; 28(4):853–863.
[4]. Grossman LI. Endodontics 1776-1976: a bicentennial history against the background of general dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc. 1976;93(1): 78–87.
[5]. Wong AW, Zhang C, Chu CH. A systematic review of nonsurgical single-visit versus multiple-visit endodontic treatment.ClinCosmet Invest Dent. 2014;6:45–56.

Abstract: Fistula-in-ano is an inflammatory track, lined by unhealthy granulation tissue and fibrous tissue that connects deeply in anal canal or rectum and superficially on the skin around the anus. It is considered second to hemorrhoids among all ano-rectal abnormalities. The prevalence in men is 12.3cases & in women is 5.6 cases per 1, 00,000 populations. Recto-vaginal fistula is very rare and complicated case. Operative procedures adopted are Fistulectomy, Fistulotomy and use of a seton, newer methods like fibrin plug, Endo anal flap etc. Because of the lack of satisfactory results newer techniques have constantly been adopted for its management. Up to 26.5 percent recurrence rate........

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