iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-2 ~ February-2019

Abstract: Cerebral venous Sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare type of cerebrovascular disease that can occur at any age, including in neonates. CVST is a multifactorial condition with gender-related specific causes, with wide clinical presentations.Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is a challenging condition because of its variability of clinical symptoms and signs. It is very often unrecognised at initial presentation. The widespread use of neuroimaging now allows for early diagnosis and has completely modified our knowledge on this disorder.

[1]. Holger Allroggen, Richard J Abbott,. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
[2]. Villringer A, Mehraen S, Einhäupl KM. J Neuroradiol 1994;21:72–80 Pathophysiological aspects of cerebral sinus venous thrombosis.
[3]. Dr MR Sashikumar & Dr Berton Monteiro,. Role of MRV in Cerebral Veins and Sinuses Occlusion
[4]. Zafar Sajjad, MRI and MRV in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis. Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.
[5]. A.S. Pallewatte, T. Tharmalingam, N. Liyanage Anatomic variants and artefacts in non enhanced MRV – potential pitfalls in diagnosing cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST).

Abstract: Background Urogenital problems are more common in the female population. Among them urinary incontinence is a common problem. It has significant impact on the physical, psychological and socio-economic aspects of life. Although urological problems are more common in older women, it can affect at any age group, aim of this study wasto determine prevalance of urinary continence in reproductive aged womenand also to assess the severity of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Results:Results were evaluated using SPSS computer software system. P Value<0.05 is considered to statistically significant.Prevalence of urinary..........

Keywords: Urinary incontinence, Quality of life, King's Health questionnaire,Body mass index, vaginal delivery, Quality of life.

[1]. Abrams P, Cardozo L, Fall M, Griffiths D, Rosier P, Ulmsten U, et al. The standardization of terminology in lower urinary tract function: report from the Standardization Sub-committee of the International Continence Society. Neurourol Urodyn. 2002;21(2):167-78.
[2]. Buckley BS, Lapitan MC. Epidemiology Committee of the Fourth International Consultation on Incontinence, Paris, 2008. Prevalence of urinary incontinence in men, women, and children – current evidence: findings of the Fourth International Consultation on Incontinence Urology. 2010;76:265-70.
[3]. Staskin DR: Age-related physiologic and pathologic changes affecting lower urinary tract function. Clin Geriatr Med. 1986;2:701-10.
[4]. McGrother C, Resnick M, Yalla SV, KirschnerHermanns R, Broseta E, Mullar C et al. Epidemiology and etiology of urinary incontinence in the elderly. World Journal of Urology. 1998;16(1):S3-S9.

[5]. Rortveit G, Daltveit AK, Hannestad YS, Hunskaar S. The Norwegian EPINCONT Study. Urinary Incontinence after Vaginal Delivery or Cesarean Section. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(10):900-7.

Abstract: In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of hysteroscopicadhesiolysis in patients with severe Asherman's syndrome. In 30 patients with permanent severe adhesions, hysteroscopic treatment was performed. Twenty six patients were followed-up with a mean time of 6 months . Fifteen pregnancies were obtained in 12 patients and the outcomes were the following: two first trimester missed abortions, three second trimester fetal losses, one second trimester termination of pregnancy for multiple fetal abnormalities and nine live births in nine different patients. Pregnancy rate after treatment was 12/26 and live birth rate was 9/26. Hysteroscopic treatment of severe Asherman's syndrome appeared to be effective for the reconstruction of a functional uterine cavity with a 34.6% pregnancy rate. However, these pregnancies were at risk for haemorrhage with abnormal placentation.

[1]. Friedler, S., Margalioth, E.J., Kafka, I. and Yaffe, H. (1993) Incidence of post-abortion intra-uterine adhesions evaluated by hysteroscopy – a prospective study.
[2]. Klein, S.M. and Garcia, C.R. (1973) Asherman's syndrome: a critique and review. Fertil.Steril
[3]. Wamsteker, K. and De Block, S. (1993) Diagnostic hysteroscopy: technique and documentation. In Sutton, C. and Diamond, M. (eds) Endoscopic Surgery for Gynaecologists. Saunders, London, pp. 263–276.
[4]. San Fillipo, J.S. and Fitzgerald, D. (1982) Asherman's syndrome: a comparison of therapeutic methods. J. Reprod. Med.
[5]. Valle, R.F. and Sciarra, J.J. (1988) Intrauterine adhesions: hysteroscopic adhesions, classification, treatment and reproductive outcome. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.

Abstract: Head and neck malignancies constitute about 3% of all newly diagnosed cancers in humans. Overall, 57.7% of global head and neck cancers occur in Asia, especially in India, for both sexes. Previously standard approach for locally advanced head and neck cancers was surgery followed by external beam radiation therapy(EBRT). Other approach was CRT i.e. concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy but systemic relapse was seen more by this approach due to a lack of systemic control. For this reason nowadays incorporation of induction chemotherapy is done in treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancers. Our study is a retrospective study done in 250 patients with locally advanced head and neck cancers. These patients were given carboplatin and paclitaxel as induction chemotherapy and the response of the patients and adverse effects of the drugs were noted.

Keywords: Induction chemotherapy, head and neck cancers, carboplatin, paclitaxel

[1]. Head and neck cancer burden in India" – International Journal, Head And Neck Surgery 2013, 4(1):29-35(Jan–April).
[2]. Kademani D. Oral cancer. Mayo Clin Proc 2007;82:878-87.
[3]. Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2012.CA Cancer J Clin 2012;62:10-29.
[4]. Neville BW, Day TA. Oral cancer and precancerous lesions.CA Cancer J Clin 2002;52:195-215.
[5]. Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin 2005;55:74-108..

Abstract: Diabeticretinopathyis the most frequent microvascular complications of Diabetes mellitus and one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. DR has a complex process and various bone turnover markers play a key role in pathogenesis and progression of Diabetic Retinopathy. Previous studies have shown that bone turnover markers such as serum calcium, vitamin D, Phosphate, parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase have significant effect on microvascular changes in Diabetic patients. Our study aims to summarize and evaluate the level of various bone turnover markers in DR and critically appraise the level and quality of existing studies.

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Key words: Diabetic retinopathy, calcium, phosphate, vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, alkaline phosphatase, Microvascular complications.

[1]. Klein BE. Overview of epidemiologic studies of diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2007; 14:179–83.
[2]. PescosolidoN, Buomprisco G. Psychological exams as early indicator of diabetic retinopathy. 2014; 10: 61-5.
[3]. Sorensen MG, Henriksen K Biochemical markers in preclinical models of osteoporosis Biomarkers, May-June 2007;12:266.
[4]. Lerchbaum E, Schwetz V, Nauck M, et al. Lower bone turnover markers in metabolic syndrome and diabetes: the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania. NutrMetab Cardiovasc Dis 2015;25(5):458-63.
[5]. Mears D. Regulation of insulin secretion in islets of Langerhans by Ca2+ channels. J Membr Biol 2004; 200:57–66.

Abstract: Objective: To compare the effectiveness of prophylactic administration of topical Flurbiprofen 0.03% and Nepafenac 0.1% in maintaining mydriasis during small incision cataract surgery (SICS). Materials and methods: This study was a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparative study in elderly cataract patients given topical flurbiprofen or nepafenac prior to SICS. Horizontal and vertical diameters of pupil were measured at the beginning and end of surgery, and the mean values were compared across the two groups. Unpaired t-test was used to analyse the results........

[1]. Solomon KD, Turkalj JW, Whiteside SB, Stewart JA, Apple DJ. Topical 0.5% ketorolac vs. 003% flurbiprofen for inhibition of miosis during cataract surgery. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997;115:1119–22.
[2]. Cervantes-Coste G, Sánchez-Castro YG, Orozco-Carroll M, Mendoza-Schuster E, Velasco-Barona C. Inhibition of surgically induced miosis and prevention of postoperative macular edema with nepafenac. ClinOphthalmol. 2009;3:219–26.
[3]. Rushforth, R. L., White, R. L., Solum, K. R. &Laukkanen, H.V. (1996). The effect of illumination on the time to, and pupil area of, maximum mydriasis.Canadian Journal of Optometry58(3): 117-122
[4]. Sarkar S, Mondal KK, Roy SS, Gayen S, Ghosh A, De RR. Comparison of preoperative nepafenac (0.1%) and flurbiprofen (0.03%) eye drops in maintaining mydriasis during small incision cataract surgery in patients with senile cataract: A randomized, double-blind study. Indian J Pharmacol. 2015;47(5):491-5.
[5]. Rodriguez-Garcia, Alejandro & Hernandez-Camarena, Julio & Lopez Jaime, Gilberto Raul & Nava-García, J.A.. (2017). Effect of Topical Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs on Pupillary Size During Uncomplicated Cataract Surgery.. Journal of refractive surgery (Thorofare, N.J.: 1995). 33. 236-242. 10.3928/1081597X-20161206-06..

Abstract: Cholelithiasis is one of the most common diseases which requires surgical intervention and is frequently seen in females of both younger and elderly age group. As age increases, repeated attacks of cholecystitis can result in adhesions and chronic inflammatory changes in gall bladder. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard operation of the gall stone disease irrespective of age and is supported by many studies. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy causes less pain after surgery, shorter hospital stay, faster return to work and lower metabolic endocrine immune response to trauma. This procedure has been the gold standard for the last two decades in the general population. It has also demonstrated results superior to open cholecystectomy in elderly patients with symptomatic..........

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Key words: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, cholelithiasis, elderly, octogenarian.

[1]. Soper NJ, stockman PT, Dunnegan DL, Ashley SW. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: The new gold standard. Arch Surg 1992;127(8):917-21.
[2]. Barkun JS, Sampalls JS, Fried G, Wexler MJ, Meakins JL, Taylor B, et al. Randomized control trial of laparoscopic versus mini cholecystectomy. Lancet 1992;8828(340):1116-9.
[3]. Bass EB, Pitt HA, Lillemoe KD. Cost-effectiveness of laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus open cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 1993;165(4):466-71.
[4]. Ransohoff D, Gracie WA, Wolfenson LB, Neuhauser D. Prophylactic cholecystectomy or expectant management for silent gallstones: a decision analysis to assess survival. Ann Intern Med 1983;99(2):199-204.
[5]. Tagge E, Othersen HJ, Jackson SM, Smith CD, Gayoso AJ, Abbound MR, et al. Impact of laparoscopic cholecystectomy on the management of cholelithiasis in children with sickle cell disease. J PediatrSurg 1994;29(2):209-12..

Abstract: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the shear bond strengths of different CAD/CAM materials with self etch/adhesive resin cements. Ceramic specimensfrom Vita Mark II (VIT), IPS Empress (EMP), IPS e.max CAD (MAX), Vita Suprinity (VTS) and Brilliant Crios (BRC)blocks were used in this study, respectively (n=20).Surfaces of the VIT, EMP, MAX and VTS ceramic specimens were etched with %5 HF and G Multi Primer were applied to ceramic surfaces. BRC were sanblasted and One Coat 7 Universal bond was applied to BRC surfaces. Self etch/adhesive Panavia SA and MaxCem Elite resin cements were applied to all ceramic surface with a transparent.........

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Key words: CAD/CAM, resin cement, shear bond strength, glass ceramic, reinforced block

[1]. Mörmann MH. The evaluation of Cerec system. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006 Sep;137 Suppl:7-13.

[2]. Dickens N, Haider H, Lien W, Simecek J, Stahl J. Longitudinal Analysis of CAD/CAM Restoration Incorporation Rates into Navy Dentistry.Mil Med. 2018 Oct 27. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usy260.

[3]. Papadiochou S, Pissiotis AL. Marginal adaptation and CAD-CAM technology: A systematic review of restorative material and fabrication techniques. J Prosthet Dent. 2018 Apr;119(4):545-51.

[4]. Faraneh Mokhtarpour, Homayoon Alaghehmand,Soraya Khafri.Effect of hydrofluoric acid surface treatments on micro-shear bond strength of CAD/CAM ceramics.Electron Physician. 2017 Oct 25;9(10):5487-5493.

[5]. Ab-Ghani Z, Jaafar W, Foo SF, Ariffin Z, Mohamad D. Shear bond strength of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing feldspathicand nano resin ceramics blocks cemented with three different generations of resin cement.J Conserv Dent. 2015 Sep-Oct;18(5):355-9.

Abstract: To evaluate clinically and radiologically the closed displaced bimalleolar ankle fracture in adults above 18 yrs of age treated with one third tubular plate along with partially threaded screw and one third tubular plate along with tension bend wiring. This prospective study was done in Regional Institute of Medical Science, Imphal in the year 2016-18. In this study the total number of patients were 30 divided in two groups ie closed bimalleolar ankle fracture treated with one third tubular plate with partial threaded screw and closed displaced bimalleolar ankle fracture treated with tension bend wiring. Each group had 15 patients. Cephalosporin antibiotics was administered prior to operation and then 12 hourly for another 5 days. Suture removal was done at 10 days. After discharged regular opd check up was done at monthly interval for one year. Post operative evaluations of functional and radiological outcome was done using Olerud C and Molander H functionl score system on the basis.............

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Key words: Bimalleolar ankle fracture, Functional out come, Olerud C and Molander H functional score system, One third tubular plate, Partially threaded screw, Tension bend wiring

[1]. Lash N, Horne G, Fielden J and Devane P. Ankle Fractures: Functional and Lifestyle Outcomes at 2 Years. ANZ J of Surg 2002;72:724- 30.
[2]. Court-Brown CM and Caesar B. Epidemiology of Adult Fractures: A Review. Injury 2006;37:691-7.
[3]. Bugler KE, White TO ,Thordarson DB. Focus on Ankle Fractures. J of Bone and Joint Surg 2012;94:1107-12.

[4]. Court-Brown CM, McBirnie J and Wilson G. Adult Ankle Fractures—An Increasing Problem? Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavic 1998;69:43-7.
[5]. Daly PJ, Fitzgerald JRH, Melton LJ, and Ilstrup DM. Epidemiology of Ankle Fractures in Rochester Minnesota. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1987;58: 539-44.

Abstract: We conducted a cross-sectional comparative study in the Department of Paediatric Medicine of Dhaka Shishu Hospita during the period from 10th October 2013 to 9th April 2014 with the aim was to document clinical profile in Children with Enteric Fever. Our study subjects were divided into three groups: 1) Children suspected of enteric fever; 2) Febrile children (other than enteric fever) and 3) Non-febrile children. Total sample size for this study was 150. Around half of the participants were in the '≤ 5 years' age group. Mean ± SD was (5.874±2.943) for group-I, (5.598±3.000) for group-II and (5.740 ± 2.741) for group-III. More than half of the participants in all groups were males. Male: Female ratio was about 1.2:1 in group-I, 1.5:1 in group-II and 1.4:1 in group-III. There was no statistical deference in age distribution between the groups (p=0.972) and male-female............

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Key words: Clinical profile, Socio-economic status, Enteric fever

[1]. Crump JA, Luby SP, Mintz ED. The global burden of typhoid fever. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 346-53
[2]. Panikar CKJ, Vimala KN. Transferable chloramphenicol resistance in Salmonella typhi. Nature 1972; 239:109-110
[3]. Etward J E, Nowesn J et al; Prevalence of typhoid fever in children; Journal of paediatrics; 2004
[4]. Ratner JJ, Thomas VL, Roland IN. (1986) Relationship between human blood group, bacteria pathogens and urinary tract infections. The American J of Ned Sc. 292 (2): 87-9.
[5]. Omoregie R, Ogufere HO, Omokaro EU, Omorogbe E. (2000) Distribution of ABO and Rhesus blood group and Haemoglobin phenotypes among Tuberculosis patients in Benin City – Nigeria J Med Lab Sc 11 (i) pp 68 – 70..

Abstract: Objective: The present work is designed to review the role of three dimensional and four dimensional (3D and 4D) ultrasound in diagnosis of neurological fetal congenital malformations. Patients and methods: Over the study period (June 2017 to September 2018), about200 fetuses were evaluated by ultrasound. Out of the total number of women scanned with 2D & 3D/4D ultrasound; 11 neurological anomalies (5.5%) were detected and analyzed in 11 women with 11 fetuses. Inclusion criteria included US findings suggestive of neurological fetal anomalies.Initially, traditional 2DUS was routinely performed.The patients were then evaluated by 3DUS to...........

[1]. Harris BS, Bishop KC, Kemeny HR, et al. Risk Factors for Birth Defects.Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2017, Feb; 72(2):123-135.

[2]. Kaur N, Kaur A,Gupta S, et al. ultrasound evaluation of fetal central nervous system anomalies and its correlation with postnatal outcome. International Journal of Medical Research and Review.2017, 5:266-272.

[3]. Rizzo G, Capponi A, Pietrolucci M, et al. An algorithm based on Omniview technology to reconstruct sagittal and coronal planes of fetal brain from volume datasets acquired by three-dimensional ultrasound. Ultrasound in obstetric and Gynecology.201138:158-164..
[4]. Platt LD, Santulli T, Carlson E, et al. Three Dimensional ultrasonography in obstetrics& Gynaecology: Preliminary experience, Am. J. of Obst. Gynecol. 2008; 178:1198-2006.
[5]. Kurjak A, Ahmed B, Di Renzo GC, et al. The assessment of fetal neurobehavior by three-dimensional and four-dimensional ultrasound. J. Maternal- Fetal &Neonatal Med. 2008 Oct; 21(10):675-84.

Abstract: Objective: To determine the immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in benign ovarian cyst tissue at Adam Malik General Hospital in 2017 Material and Method: This study was an retrospective observational analytic study with a cross sectional design in 22 cases of benign ovarian cysts undergoing gynecological surgery at Adam Malik General Hospital Medan in 2017. Subjects were recruited based on inclusion criteria. Data were collected from medical records and immunohistochemical results which showed tissue MMP-2 expression, then analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test with a significance value of P<0.05...........

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Key words: Benign ovarian cyst,matrix metalloproteinase-2, immunohistochemical expression

[1]. Frequently Asked Question FAQ075 Gynecologic problem. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. July 2015
[2]. Shahali S, Tadayon M. Histopathological diagnosis of ovarian mass. J Pathol Nep 2018;8:1261-4
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[4]. Smeltzer C, Suzanne C, Brenda G. Ovarian cyst. Jakarta: Brunner & Suddarth, EGC. 2002;1556
[5]. Antoniou A, Pharaoh PD, Narod S, et al. Average risks of breast and ovarian cancer associated with BRCA1 atau BRCA2 mutations detected in case series unselected for family history: a combined analysis of 22 studies. Am J Hum Genet. 2003;72(5);1117-30.

Abstract: Background and Aims: Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation after induction of anaesthesia generate sympathoadrenal responses. We conducted a prospective, double blind, controlled clinical trial to examine whether a single preoperative dose of 800 mg gabapentin would be as effective as 2 micro/kg of intravenous (IV) fentanyl in blunting the hemodynamic response to endotracheal intubation Method: After approval from institutional ethical committee this double blind controlled study was carried out in the department of the anaesthesiology. Sixty patient age 20-60 year were allocated into two groups. One group received 2 micro/kg IV fentanyl ,and other group received 800 mg oral gabapentin. Gabapentin was administered 2 hours and fentanyl 5........

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Key words: Gabapentin, Fentanyl, Hemodynamic, Endotracheal Intubation

[1]. Parida S, Channanath N, Ashraf, Mathew J S, Mishra SK, Badhe A S, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, JIPMER, Puducherry, India, Attenuation of the haemodynamic responses to endotracheal intubation with gabapentin fentanyl and a combination of both : A randomised controlled trial. Indian J Anaesth 2015;59:306‑11.
[2]. Namratha. Collins VJ. 3rd Edn. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger;1993. Principles of anesthesiology, general and regional anesthesia. Vol.I and II..
[3]. King BD, Harris LC Jr, Greifenstein FE, Elder JD Jr, Dripps RD.Reflex circulatory responses to direct laryngoscopy andtracheal intubation performed during general anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1951;12:556‑66.
[4]. Takeshima K, Noda K, Higaki M. Cardiovascular response to rapid anesthesia induction and endotracheal intubation.Anesth Analg 1964;43:201‑8
[5]. Gilron I, Flatters SJL. Gabapentin and pregabalin for the treatment of neuropathic pain: a review of laboratory and clinical evidence. Pain Res Manage. 2006;11 Suppl.