iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-2 ~ February-2019

Abstract: Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a collective terminology with varied etiologies. Endometrial sampling is essential for planning treatment. Aim: To study the histopathological patterns of endometrium in women of different age groups presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding. Material and methods: This is a prospective observational study of 116 women with abnormal uterine bleeding attending the out patient department at Government General Hospital, Vijayawada from August 2017 to July 2018. Endometrial biopsy was........

Key words: Abnormal uterine bleeding, endometrial histopathology, menorrhagia

[1]. Dangal G. A study of endometrium of patients with abnormal uterine bleeding at Chitwan Valley. Kathmandu University medical
journal (KUMJ). 2003;1(2):110-2.
[2]. Dadhania B, Dhruva G, Agravat A, Pujara K. Histopathological study of endometrium in dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Int J Res
Med. 2013;2(1):20-4.
[3]. Brenner PF. Differential diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 1996 Sep
1;175(3):766-9.
[4]. Dallenbach-Hellweg G. The histopathology of the endometrium. InHistopathology of the Endometrium 1981 (pp. 89-256).
Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
[5]. Doraiswami S, Johnson T, Rao S, Rajkumar A, Vijayaraghavan J, Panicker VK. Study of endometrial pathology in abnormal
uterine bleeding. The journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India. 2011 Aug 1;61(4):426..

Abstract: Otomycosis or fungal otitis externa is a superficial, sub-acute or chronic infection of the external auditory canal, usually with unilateral presentation characterized by inflammation, pruritis, scaling and otalgia. Aim Of The Study: To find the prevalence of otomycosis along with its clinicomycological profile,to explore specific predisposing factors,to isolate and identify the causative fungus and antifungal susceptibility testing for moulds by E test and for yeast by disk diffusion method. Methodology: Ear swabs.........

Keywords : Otomycosis,Aspergillus,Antifungal susceptibility testing.

[1]. Jadhav VJ, Pal M, Mishra GS. Etiological significance of Candida albicans in otitis externa. Mycopathologia 2003; 156(4):313-5.
[2]. Chander J. Textbook of Medical Mycology, 3rd Edition.: Mehta publishers Chandigarh; January 2009.p.418-9 .
[3]. Munguia R Daniel JS. Ototopical antifungals and otomycosis. Int J PediatrOtorhinolaryngol. 2008;72:453–9
[4]. Ozcan KM, Ozcan M, Karaarslan A, Karaarslan F. Otomycosis in Turkey: predisposing factors, etiology and therapy. J Laryngol
Otol. 2003;117:39-42
[5]. Satish HS, Viswanatha. B, Manjuladevi. M. A Clinical Study of otomycosis. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences.
2013;5(2):PP 57-62 .

Abstract: Introduction: A patient is more concern about his teeth and wants to preserve their teeth. Patient wants to preserve teeth by latest treatment option and method available. There are so many treatments available but our treatment option based on the clinical condition, an age of the patient, economical condition of the patient. Hemisection of a compromised mandibular molar is a suitable treatment option. Sectioning of the molar teeth with the removal of an unrestorable root which may be affected by periodontal, endodontic, crack root or caries is called hemisection. Case report: This article describes three cases in which the severely decayed molars are preserved by hemisection and can be used.........

Key World -hemisection, prosthesis root canal treatment, furcation involvement

[1]. Basaraba N. Root amputation and tooth hemisection. Dent Clin North Am 1969;13:121‑32.
[2]. John I Ingle and Leif K Bakland, Ingle's Endodontics, 5th edition; B. C. Decker Inc. 2002: 722-727.
[3]. Mehmet Dalkiz, Bicuspidization : A Case Report OLGU SUNUMU 2008; 50 : 42-45
[4]. Parmar G., Vashi P, Hemisection : A Case Report and Review, Endodontology 2003; 15 : 26-29
[5]. Franklin S. Weine, Endodontic therapy, 6th edition; Mosby Inc. 2004:423-451..

Abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and morbid complication on after severe burn and it is accompanied by a high mortality rate. AKI occurs in approximately one quarter to one third of patient in major burn injury.Burn related kidney injury is typically classified as early (0-3 days after injury) or late (4-14 days after injury). Early burn AKI is typically due to Hypovolemia , poor renal function and direct cardiac suppression while late –onset renal failure is usuaaly the consequence of sepsis and is often associated with other organ failure. Of burn patients who survive AKI, the vast majority do not receive long term Hemodialysis and lead to end stage renal disease.............

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Abstract: Background: Normal menstrual bleeding occurs from secretory endometrium after ovulation, for a period less than 5 days. Any bleeding not complying with this is considered as abnormal uterine bleeding. Materials and methods: This is an observational study done at a Tertiary Care Center in South Tamil Nadu, in the Department of Pathology from August 2017 to January 2019, over a period of 18months. A total of 134 specimen of endometrial biopsies received, were included in the study. Aims and objectives: This study was conducted to learn the different histomorphological pattern of endometrial biopsies in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding and to find the incidence of carcinoma endometrium in our Government Tertiary Care Center. Later to evaluate the role of histopathological examination in predicting the cause on comparison with ultrasound examination....... ..

Keywords: abnormal uterine bleeding, proliferative endometrium, mixed pattern, ultrasound, thickened endometrium, endometrial carcinoma

[1]. Ian S. Fraser, M.D., Hilary O.D. Critchley, M.D., Michael Broder, M.D. and Malcolm G. Munro, M.D. The FIGO recommendations on Terminologies and Definitions for Abnormal uterine bleeding, seminars in reproductive medicine 2011; vol 29(5): pg 383-390.
[2]. James AH, Kouides PA, Abdul-Kadir R, Dietrich JE, Edlund M, Federici AB, et al. Evaluation and management of acute menorrhagia in women with and without underlying bleeding disorders: consensus from an international expert panel. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2011;158(2):124-34.
[3]. Davey DA. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding. In Whitfield CR editor; Dewhursts Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology for postgraduates. Glasgow, Blackwell Science. 1997:590-608.
[4]. Debdas AK, Bahol A. Histological profile of diagnostic endometrial curettage and its significance. J of the Indian Med Assoc. 1984;82:309-12.
[5]. Mahmood MF. Irregular uterine bleeding over the age of 40 years. Ind J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;2(1):2-6.

Abstract: Dental Caries remains a major threat because food habits, lifestyle and mother's knowledge play a vital role in caries occurrence. This study is conducted to correlate the association of dental caries with BMI, nutritional status and mother's knowledge about oral hygiene status of children. Study was conducted among 519 children of 6 to 14 years in Namakkal district. Dental caries in both primary and permanent dentition, BMI, sociodemographic factors, were calibrated and mother's knowledge regarding the oral hygiene of children was assessed by 20 questionnaire & data statistically evaluated. Results have shown that there was a positive correlation between DMFT with age (p=0.0000) and no association of dental caries with BMI [dmft vs BMI (p=0.527), DMFT vs BMI (P=0.956)] and nutritional status [ dmft vs nutritional status (p=0.189), DMFT vs nutritional status (p=0.977)]. Results of this study do not support an association of dental caries with BMI and nutritional status

[1]. Md Zabirunnisa Begum, Myla Nagamalleshwari, Pachava Srinivas, Jayaprakash S. Gadagi, Praveen Gadde, KoneruJyothirmai . Is body mass index truly related to dental caries? Survey on predisposing factors for overweight among Indian school children. Dental Hypotheses Oct-Dec 2014 / Vol 5 | Issue 4.
[2]. Bud Anamaria Manuela Chibelean, Mariana Pacurar, Daniela Eșian, Muica Monica-Cristina, Eugen Bud . Correlation between bmi, dental caries and salivary buffer capacity in a sample of children from Mures County, Romania. European Scientific Journal July 2015 edition vol.11, No.21.
[3]. Alvarez JO. Nutrition, tooth development and dental caries. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.1995;61:410S-416S.
[4]. Maddelon de Jong Lenters, Paula van Dommelen, Annemarie A. Schuller and Erik H.W. Verrips. Body mass index and dental caries in children aged 5 to 8 years attending a dental paediatric referral practice in the Netherlands. BMC Research Notes 2015 8:738.
[5]. Gyanendra Mishra, Seema Thakur, Parul Singhal, Shiv Nath Ghosh, Deepak Chauhan, CheranjeeviJayam Assessment of child behavior in dental operatory in relation to sociodemographic factors, general anxiety, body mass index and role of multimedia distraction. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 2016; 34:159-64.

Abstract: Malignancies and infections are associated with oxidant – antioxidant imbalance. The plymorphonuclear leukocytes generate huge amount of reactive oxygen species. The end product Malondialdehyde generated is responsible for the damaging effects on DNA and cell membrane. This study was undertaken to assess the oxidative stress using nitroblue tetrazolium scores and malondialdehyde levels, and to assess antioxidation by vitamin C levels in patients with sepsis and non-hematological malignancies. Nitroblue Tetrazoleum(NBT) reduction test, serum Malondialdehyde(MDA) and vitamin C levels were estimated among 30 healthy persons,30 septic cases,30 malignant cases and 30 with both sepsis and malignant cases. All three parameters of all four groups were compared.............

Keywords: NBT, Malondialdehyde, Vitamin C, Sepsis, Oxidative- stress, Antioxidants

[1] Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC, Abraham E, Angus D, Cook D, Cohen J, Opal SM, VincentJL, Ramsay G, SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Crit Care Med. 2003;31:1250–1256.
[2] James r. Humbert, Melvin I. Marks, William E. Hathaway, Christine H. Thoren The histochemical nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test in the differential diagnosis of acute infections pediatrics 48 ( 2) 1971 259 -267.
[3] Merzbach.D And Nora Obedeanu Standardisation Of The Nitroblue-Tetrazolium Test J. Med. Microbiol.-Vol. 8 (1975) 375 - 384
[4] Placer ZA, Linda L, Crushman JBC. Estimation of Product of lipid peroxidation in biochemical System. Annal Biochem 1966; 16: 359-64. [5] Varley H. Determination of plasma ascorbate by 2,6-Dichlorophenolindophenol titration. In "Varley's Practical Clinical Biochemistry" Ed: Gowenlock AH, McMurray JR and McLauchlan DM, Heinemann Medical Books, London 1988; Vol. I; 6 TH edition; Chapter 35:927

Abstract: Background: Leiomyoma of the uterus is a benign tumor, essentially composed of smooth muscle tissue and varying amount of fibrous connective tissue. It is commonly found in uterus but can occur in oesophagus, bladder and intestines also. It is a monoclonal tumor. It is the most common tumor of uterus and is found in 20% of women in reproductive age group. Symptomatic fibroids have become so common and are the leading cause for 60% of hysterectomies performed. Despite being so common, the causative factors for fibroid remain obscure. Much research is being carried out on the causative factors for fibroids. It has been found out that genetic factors and hormonal factors along with certain environmental factors are implicated in causation of fibroids..............

[1]. Prathap Kumar, Jaideep Malhotra, Neeharika Malhotra, Bora. Tumors of the Corpus Uteri. Leiomyoma. Parul Mittal Jeffcoat's Principles of Gynecology. 8th edition Jaypee Publishing 2014: 453.
[2]. Rock, Johan A. Jones, Howar W 111. Leiomyoma uteri and myomectomy. Te Linde's Operative Gynaecology.10thedition.Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wikkins (LWW); 2008.Pp687-688.
[3]. Lurie S, Piper I, Woliovitch I, Glezerman M. Age related prevalence of sonographically confirmed uterine myomas. J Obstet gynaec 2005;25:42-44.
[4]. Lethaby A, Vollenhoven B.Fibroids (Uterine myomatosis, Leiomyomas) Am. Fam. Physician 2005; 71:1753-6.
[5]. Baird DD, Schectman JM, Dixon D, Sandler DP, Hill MC. 1998. African Americans at higher risk than whites for uterine fibroids: ultrasound evidence. Am J Epidemiol 147:S90.

Abstract: Oxidative stress (OS) and lipid peroxidation has been associated in the development of diabetic complications including diabetic foot ulcer. In this study, the levels of lipid peroxides (LPO), catalase and lipid profile as well as the enzymatic antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic foot ulcer subjects were assessed and compared with apparently healthy normal subjects to understand the involvement of OS in the subjects. It was found that level of mean TC, TC and LDL had decreased in type 2 DM with foot ulcer, type2 DM without foot ulcer, non-diabetic foot ulcer and healthy control respectively and this difference was statistically significant. Level of mean HDL had significantly lower in type 2 DM with foot ulcer.Mean lipid peroxidase level had significantly higher in type2 DM with foot ulcer and non-diabetic foot ulcer (p<0.0001). Mean SOD level had significantly higher in type2 DM with foot ulcer.............

Key Words: Oxidative stress, Lipid peroxidation, lipid profile, Diabetes, non-diabetic foot ulcer.

[1]. Vijay V, Snehalatha C, Ramachandran A. Socio-cultural practices that may affect the development of the diabetic foot. IDF BULLETIN. 1997;42:10-13.
[2]. Assal JP, Groop L. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. World Health Organization. 1999:1-65.
[3]. Li X, Xiao T, Wang Y, Gu H, Liu Z, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Lu Z, Yang X, Lan Y, Xu Z. Incidence, risk factors for amputation among patients with diabetic foot ulcer in a Chinese tertiary hospital. Diabetes research and clinical practice. 2011 Jul 31;93(1):26-30.
[4]. Wounds International. International Best Practice Guidelines: Wound Management in Diabetic Foot Ulcers. London: Wounds International A division of Schofield Healthcare Media Limited Enterprise House; 2013. p. 1-23.
[5]. Irawan H, Kartika. Terapioksigenhiperbariksebagaiterapiadjuvan kaki diabetik.CerminDunia Kedokteran-245. 2016;43:782-5.

Abstract: Dengue is a global endemic and most prevalent human arbovirus disease. Recently, platelet indices have been assessed usefully in the diagnosis conditions with abnormal platelet counts. Present study aims to investigate and assess the role of platelet indices in patients with dengue fever in MIMS hospital. Platelet counts (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) were measured. This study was conducted prospectively for a period of 9 months from March 2018 to December 2018. A total of 105 cases are taken into study. MPV and PLT were significantly lower in cases of dengue (P<0.0006). The PDW is significantly high in cases of dengue (P<0.039). Hence forth Low PLT, MPV and PDW may be used as probable indicators for dengue in endemic area. MPV <9 fl and PDW >13fl shows considerable sensitivity for dengue fever.

[1]. Navya BN, Patil S, Kariappa TM. Role of platelet parameters in dengue positive cases - an observational study. Int J Health Sci Res. 2016; 6(6):74-78.
[2]. Prakash GM, Anikethana G V. Use of mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width in predicting trend in platelet count and bleeding risks in patients of dengue fever. Int J Adv Med 2016;3:611-3.
[3]. Mukker P, Kiran S. Platelet indices evaluation in patients with dengue fever. Int J Res Med Sci 2018;6:2054-9.
[4]. Bashir AB, Saeed OK, Mohammed BA, Ageep AK; Thrombocytopenia andbleeding manifestation among patients with dengue virus infection in port Sudan, Red sea state of Sudan, J. Infect. Dis. Immun. 2015; 7-13.
[5]. Vagdatli E, Gounari E, Lazaridou E, Katsibourlia E, Tsikopoulou F, Labrianou I. Platelet distribution width: a simple, practical and specific marker of activation of coagulation. HIPPOKRATIA. 2010; 14 (1): 28-32.

Abstract: Background: Cortical Venous Sinus Thrombosis (CVST) is known to be a cause of stroke especially in the young population. It has a multifactorial etiology with a varied presentation. Given the increasing burden of this disease and availability of magnetic resonance imaging for definitive diagnosis, a high level of clinical suspicion must be kept in mind while evaluating such patients. Materials and Methods:This study was a retrospective observational study conducted over a period of 1 year (1stAugust 2017 to 31st September 2018) in the medicine department of aTertiary care teaching and research center. 36 patients admitted with varying complaints and diagnosed to have CVST on magnetic resonance venography were included. Patients were treated according to standard protocols and guidelines. Results:Of the total of 36 patients, 31(86.11%) were males and 5(13.89%) were females. The average age of the patients was 35.28 ± 14.31 years, the maximum being in the age group of 21-30 years [10 patients (27.28%)]. 12 (33.33%) patients were farmers by occupation..............

Keywords:Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis, headache, seizures, dehydration, transverse sinus

[1]. Bousser MG, Ferro JM. Cerebral venous thrombosis: an update. Lancet Neurol 2007; 6:162–70. [2]. Allroggen H, Abbott RJ. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Postgraduate Medical Journal 2000;76:12-15. [3]. Patil VC, Choraria K, Desai N, Agrawal S. Clinical profile and outcome of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis at tertiary care center. Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice. 2014;5(3):218-224. doi:10.4103/0976-3147.133559. [4]. Gates PC (1986) Cerebral venous thrombosis: a retrospective review. Aust NZ J Med 16:766–770. [5]. BorhaniHaghighi A, Edgell RC, Cruz-Flores S, Feen E, Piriyawat P, Vora N, Callison RC, Alshekhlee A. (2012) 'Mortality of cerebral venous-sinus thrombosis in a large national sample.', Stroke, 43(1), pp. 262-4.

Abstract: Appendicitis is the most common abdominal emergency worldwide. Out of many scoring systems, Alvarado scoring system showed good sensitivity and specificity when applied in a western population, several studies have shown its limitations when applied in an Asian population. As a result a new scoring system named Tzanakis score was developed. The aim of the study is to compare the sensitivity and specificity of Tzanakis score with Alvarado score in diagnosing acute appendicitis in Indian population. A total of 100 patients who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were studied. All the patients included in the present study were suspected of having acute appendicitis based on history and clinical examination. Patients were scored according to Alvarado as well as Tzanakis score at the time of admission. Decision to operate was usually made by the surgical team who were not a part of the research team.............

[1]. Alvarado A. A practical score for the early diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Ann Emerg. 1986; 11:557–565. doi:10.1016/S0196- 0644(86)80993-3.
[2]. Tzanakis NE, Efstathiou SP, Danulidis K, et al. A new Approach to Accurate Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis. World J Surg. 2005; 29:1151-1156.
[3]. Hemant Nautiyal, Shabi Ahmad, N. K. Keshwani, D. N. Awasthi.Combined use of modified Alvarado score and USG in decreasing negative appendectomy rate. Indian J Surg (January–February 2010; 72: 42–48.
[4]. Maral F Thabit, Hani M Al An sari , Bashar R. Evaluation of Modified Alvarado Score in the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis at Baghdad Teaching Hospital. Kamoona The Iraqi postgraduate medical journal vol.11, Supplement, 2012
[5]. Chong CF, Adi MIW, Thien A, Suyoi A, Mackie AJ, Tin AS, Tripathi S, Jaman NH, Tan KK, Kok KY, Mathew VV, Paw O, Chua HB, Yapp SK. Development of the RIPASA score: a new appendicitis scoring system for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Singapore Med J 2010; 51(3): 220.