iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-2 ~ February-2019

Abstract: One of the common surgical procedures in post and peri menopausal women is hysterectomy.40% of women in the world by the age of 64years will have undergone hysterectomy.1 the only treatment option in several gynaecologic and obstetric disorders like acute uterine bleeding isHysterectomy.2-4This may be performed by abdominal, laparoscopic or vaginal procedure.Mostly it is done to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life. However, the predictive advantages must be carefully weighed against the possible risks of surgery and other alternative treatments.5 Fibroids Present in one out of every four women of reproductive age with symptoms like menstrual irregularity, abdominal pain and menorrhagia.............

[1]. Rayan MM. Hysterectomy: social and psychological aspects.BaillieresClin Obstet Gynecol.1997; 11:2326http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0950-3552(97)80048-X
[2]. Harris WJ. Early complications of abdominal and vaginalhysterectomy .Obstet Gynaecol Survey.1995; 50:795-805.http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006254-199511000-00019
[3]. Bachmann GA. Hysterectomy: A critical review. J Reprod Med.1990; 35:839-62. PMid:2231559
[4]. Mayonda I. Total or subtotal abdominal hysterectomy forbenign gynaecological disease. Review in Gynaecologicalpractice .2003; 3:26-31.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1471-7697(03)00009-1
[5]. Lefebvre G, Jeffrey J, Vilos G, Arneja J, Birch C, Fortier M (2002) SOGC clinical guidelines hysterectomy. J Obstet Gynecol Can 24(1):37–61

Abstract: Background: Children are the most vulnerable victim of dog bite injury. Face is a commonly affected site and happens during play. It is a potentially life threatening condition as the wound is severely contaminated with Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms in the saliva of dog. Because of high contamination rate and chance of severe infection, early attention to be paid for the treatment of that wound by means of antibiotics, wound cleansing and debridement. The opinion regarding repair of facial wound is varied. We describe our experience on primary closure of wound with proper precautions. Materials & methods: It is a prospective and observational study of 83 cases of facial dog (all were street dogs) bite injury during October 2014 to February 2017 (2 years and 5 months). All patients were referred from peripheral hospital and we did primary repair in our hospital in every case with proper precaution irrespective of duration of injury.......

Keywords : Dog bite, facial, primary repair, outcome.

[1]. Javaid M, FeldbergL, Gipson M. Primary repair of dog bites to the face: 40 cases. J R Soc Med 1998; 91:414-16.
[2]. Stefanopoulos Panagiotis K. Management of facial bite wounds. Dent Clin North America, Oct 2009; 53(4):691-705.
[3]. Klaus-Dietrich Wolff. Management of animal bite injuries of the face: experience with 94 patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998; 56:838.
[4]. Morgan Jackson P, Haug Richard H et al. Management of facial dog bite injuries. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1995; 53(4):435-41.
[5]. Panagiotis K. Stefanopoulos.Management of Facial BiteWounds. Oral Maxillofacial Surg Clin N Am 21 (2009) 247–257.

Abstract: A stricture is an abnormal constriction or loss of distensibility of urethral channel. Any process that damages the urethral epithelium or its adjacent tissue to the point that the healing result in scar formation can cause an urethral stricture. The patient with history suggestive of urethral stricture were investigated and included in this study. Urethral stricture disease was thoroughly evaluated with radiographic and/or endoscopic techniques. The procedure selection was discussed thoroughly with the patients. Risks and benefits of the procedure were explained to each patient. Open urethroplasty is regarded as the gold standard treatment for urethral strictures. Although it is not routinely done, recent literature shows that urethroplasty can also be considered a "minimally" invasive technique and is more effective than internal urethrotomy.

Keywords: Endoscopic, Minimally, Stricture, Urethroplasty, Urethrotomy

[1]. Andrich DE, Mundy AR. Substitution urethroplasty with buccal mucosal-free grafts. J Urol. 2001;165:1131-1134
[2]. Md. Shadab1 , Deepak Pankaj2 *, Sweta Muni2 , Manish Anand1 , Md. Shamim Ali1. A study of types of urethral stricture and their management. International Surgery Journal Shadab M et al. Int Surg J. 2016 Nov;3(4):1906-1910

[3]. Rajkumar Mathur; Gaurav Aggarwal; Bhaskar Satsangi; Fareed Khan; Sudarshan Odiya. Comprehensive analysis of etiology on the prognosis of urethral strictures. Int. braz j urol. vol.37 no.3 Rio de Janeiro May/June 2011

[4]. Rajkumar Mathur; Gaurav Aggarwal; Bhaskar Satsangi; Fareed Khan; Sudarshan Odiya. Comprehensive analysis of etiology on the prognosis of urethral strictures. Int. braz j urol. vol.37 no.3 Rio de Janeiro May/June 2011

[5]. Suh J, Choi SH, Romano DM, Gannon MA, Lesinski AN, Kim DY, Tanzi RE. ADAM10 missense mutations potentiate β-amyloid accumulation by impairing prodomain chaperone function. Neuron. 2013 Oct 16;80(2):385-401. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.08.035. PubMed PMID: 24055016; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4105199

Abstract: The placental thickness can be a useful sonographic parameter. It tends to gradually increase with gestational age in a linear fashion (~ 1 mm per week) and therefore the thickness in mm can approximate the gestational age (in weeks). Placental thickness appears to be a promising parameter for estimation of gestational age of the fetus as was also shown in animal studies.There was a strong positive correlation between placental thickness and gestational age. The measurement of the placental thickness is an important parameter for estimation of fetal age along with other parameters especially in the late mid trimester and early third trimester, where the exact duration of pregnancy is not known and other sonographic parameters also become less reliable .

[1]. Ohagwu CC, Abu PO, Ezeokeke UO, Ugwu AC. Relationship between placental thickness and growth parameters in normal Nigerian foetuses. Afr J Biotechnol2009; 8(2):133-38.
[2]. Kliman HJ: Trophoblast to human placenta. Encyclopedia of Reproduction, vol 4. Edited by Knobil E, Neill JD. San Diego, Academic Press, 1999: 834-46
[3]. Kliman HJ. The placenta revealed. Am J Pathol.1993; 143(2): 332–36.
[4]. Ohagwu CC, Oshiotse Abu P, EffiongUdoh B. Placental thickness: a sonographic indicator of gestational age in normal singleton pregnancies in Nigerian women. Internet Journal of Medical Update. 2009;4(2):9–14.
[5]. Wolf H, Oosting H, Treffers PE. A longitudinal study of the relationship between placental and fetal growth as measured by ultrasonography. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989;161(5):1140-45.

Abstract: Background: Since the first case of Lassa Fever was reported 50 years ago, Nigeria has recorded several outbreaks of the disease with high case fatality many of them in health workers. Lassa fever is a viral hemorrhagic fever caused by Lassa Fever Virus which is transmitted through contact with excreta, secretions of body fluids of the rodent, mastomysnatalensis. Human to human transmission occurs in health care settings. Early diagnosis and treatment improve survival of Lassa fever patients. Rationale: Nasarawa state is among the states that has reported many of the outbreaks of Lassa fever. Despite these, the state lacks adequate infrastructure for the management........

Key Words: Lassa fever, burden, treatment outcome, Nasarawa State

[1]. Lassa Fever. WHO www.who.int/en/news-room/
[2]. An update of Lassa fever Outbreak in Nigeria www.ncdc.gov.ng
[3]. Historical Lassa Fever Reports and 30 year Clinical Update. Marcher A, Wolf M. Emerg Infect Dis 2006; 12: 823-837. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov>articles
[4]. Lassa Fever: Epidemiology, Clinical Features and Social consequences. J Kay Richmond and Deborah J. Baglole BMJ. 2004 January 10; 328(7431): 96 www.ncbi.nlm.gov

Abstract: Introduction Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long term disability in India. Stroke is an important cause of premature death and disability in low-income and middle-income countries like India, largely driven by demographic changes and enhanced by the increasing prevalence of the key modifiable risk factors. Among all the neurological diseases of adult life, cerebrovascular accidents clearly rank first in frequency of importance. Almost fifty percent of neurological diseases in general hospital are due to stroke. Cerebrovascular accident includes ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke and cerebrovascular anomalies such as intracranial aneurysm,...........

[1]. Stroke management – recent concepts, Medicine update, vol 16, 2006.
[2]. Harrison's principle of internal medicine, 16th edition, vol 2, pg:2161
[3]. Principles of neurology by Raymond. D. Adams, 6th edition, pg: 781.
[4]. Hatano. S (1976) experience from multi centric stroke registers preliminary report bull. WHO 54, 51.
[5]. John Marshall: seminars in stroke, 1982, pp 6 – 12..

Abstract: case of MgSo4 toxicity in a case of eclampsia after normal delivery is reported. The patient was treated with magnesium sulphate as per 'Pritchard regimen'. Post administration of the drug,she developedrespiratory depression and was placed on ventilator. History revealed that she was inadvertently given higher dose of magnesium sulphate. Her creatinine levels were also high suggestive of slow excretion of the drug. MgSo4 toxicitywas suspected and she was successfully treated with calcium gluconate..

Keywords: Eclampsia, MgSo4 toxicity, Respiratory distress with MgSo4, Calcium gluconate antidote, MgSo4 toxicity.

[1]. American college of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: Hypertension in pregnancy. Report of American college of Obstetricians and Gynecologists‟ Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy. ObstetGyneol 122:1122,2013
[2]. Magpie trial Collaboration group: Do women with pre-eclampsia, and their babies, benefit from magnesium sulphate? The Magpie trial: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 359:1877,2002
[3]. Smith JM, Lowe RF, Fullerton J, et al: A integrative review of side effects related to use of magnesium sulphate for preeclampsia and eclampsia management. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 13:34, 2013
[4]. Royal college of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: The management of severe pre-eclampsia. RCOG Guideline 10A:1, 2006
[5]. Chowdhury JR, Chowdhury S, Bhattacharya N, Biswas PK, Comparison of intramuscular magnesium sulphate with low dose intravenous magnesium sulphate regimen for treatment of eclampsia. J ObstetGynaecol Research. 2009;35(1):298-303

Abstract: Introduction: Nausea and vomiting are common disorders reported with different frequencies by patients with different headache disorders. Aim: Evaluate frequency of nausea and vomiting in subjects with craniomadibular disorders, bruxing behavior and tension-type headache, test the hypothesis that both disorders increase in frequency with longer pain duration. Methods: Clinical evaluation, pain history, questionnaires, palpation of muscles and joints, criteria for craniomandibular disorders, bruxing behavior and tension-type headache and self-report in 208 subjects with tension-type headache. Outcome: Frequencies.........

Keywords: Nausea Vomiting Tension-Type Headache Craniomandibular Disorders

[1]. Molina OF, Santos ZC, Sobreiro MA, Marcus Sobreiro P, Simião BR. Hostility, depression, and anger-in in headache subgroups with bruxism and craniomandibular disorders. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences 2018; 17: 19-25.
[2]. Momayyezi M, Fallahzadeh H, Momayyezi M. Prevalence of migraine and tension-type headache in Yazd, Iran. Zahedan J Res Med 2015; 17: 966-72.
[3]. American Gastroenterology Association .Gastroenterology 2000; 120: 263-86.
[4]. Fumal A, Schoenen J. Tension-type headache: current research and clinical management. Lancet Neurology 2008; 7: 70-83.
[5]. Lainez MJA, Garcia A, Gascón F. Optimal management of severe nausea and vomiting in migraine: improving patient outcomes. Patient Relat Oucome Meas 2013; 4; 61-73...

Abstract: Historically, carcinoma of the fallopian tube accounted for 0.3% of all cancers of the female genital tract .Very often, the diagnosis is mistaken for an ovarian carcinoma or a tubo-ovarian mass. A correct, preoperative diagnosis is made only in 4% of the patients. This is due to its nonspecific presentation. The Latzko's triad of a watery vaginal discharge, a colicky lower abdominal pain and a pelvic mass is typical of a fallopian tube carcinoma, but this triad is seen only in less than 15% of the patients. Here, we are reporting such a case of 66years old postmenopausal woman with fallopian tube carcinoma with atypical symptoms presenting as adnexal cyst..

[1]. Berek &Novak's Text Book Of Gynaecology, 15 th Edition section vii Gynaecologic oncology ,1350-1427.
[2]. CN Purandare's Text Book Of Gynaecological cancer ,first edition,267-76.
[3]. Howkins &Bourne Shaw's Textbook of Gynaecology,17th edition 507-30.
[4]. Szklaruk J ,Tamm EP,choi H,Varavithya v,MR Imaging of common and uncommon large pelvic masses, 23;403-24..

Abstract: Introduction: Advances in Endocrinology and Neuro-radiology research in recent years have allowed earlier recognition and more successful therapy of pituitary adenomas. Prolactinomas are the most common type. Early clinical recognition of the endocrine effects of excessive pituitary secretion has led to early diagnosis of pituitary tumors before the appearance of late manifestations such as sellar enlargement, panhypopituitarism, and suprasellar extension with visual impairment. We report 2 cases of pituitary adenoma seen at our Endocrine clinic and to highlight the importance of early recognition and management. Clinical presentation: Case 1 is a 62 year old female, businesswoman, Igbo who presented with complaints of visual blurring and recurrent headache of one month duration. Eye symptoms were painless and progressively worsened to develop into partial loss of vision on her right eye and later on her left eye. Case 2 is a 50 year old male, Igbo lawyer who presented.........

Keywords: Pituitary adenoma, macroadenoma, prolactinoma, trans-sphenoidal surgery

[1]. Amar AP, Weiss MH. Pituitary anatomy and physiology. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2003. 14; 1: 11-23.
[2]. Alexander JM, Biller BM, Bikkal H, Zervas NT, Arnold A, Kilbanski A. Clinically nonfunctioning pituitary tumors are monoclonal in origin. J Clin invest. 1990; 86:336-340.
[3]. Famine P, Maya MM, Melmed S. pituitary magnetic resonance imaging for sellar and parasellar masses: ten –year experience in 2598 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.2011. 96; 6: 1633-1641.
[4]. Arafah BM, Nasrallah MP. Pituitary tumors: pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and management. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2001; 8: 287-305.
[5]. Krysiak R, Okopien B, Korzekwa M. Atypical pituitary tumors. Pol Merkur Lekarski.2012; 32:323-328.

Abstract: Fire has been a blessing in disguise to mankind, yet fire also has immense potentials for destruction. Burn injuries claim a lot of lives every year. Causes ranges from accidents, suicides, and even homicides. A cross sectional study was conducted in an urban Medical College of West Bengal where death of women following Burns, whose bodies were autopsied in the police morgue were studied. Most of the victims were found to be within the age group of 21-30 years. Religion wise distribution showed a Hindu predominance and occupation wise most of the victims were housewives though working women victims too were found in significant numbers. Most of the cases as found in inquest report were reported to be accidental, but suicides and instances of marital disharmony were found. A predominance of married women was found among victims of burn injuries and a greater number of the victims belonged to lower economic group

[1]. Mukherjee JB. Forensic Medicine And Toxicology. 3rd ed. 2007. 519 p.
[2]. Agha R, Benhamia A. Epidemiology of Burns in Algeria. Burns. 5:204–5.
[3]. Ambade VN, Godbole HV, Kukde HG. Suicidal and homicidal deaths: a comparative and circumstantial approach. J Forensic Leg Med. 2007 Jul;14(5):253–60.

[4]. Yasti AC, Tumer AR, Atli M, Tutuncu T, Derinoz A, Kama NA. A clinical forensic scientist in the burns unit: necessity or not? A prospective clinical study. Burns J Int Soc Burn Inj. 2006 Feb;32(1):77–82.
[5]. Batra AK. Burn mortality: recent trends and sociocultural determinants in rural India. Burns. 2003 May 1;29(3):270–5..

Abstract: This case demonstrates a 3-canal mandibular second molar treated by non-surgical root canal therapy. Acute exacerbation was noted on a previously root-filled left mandibular first molar with periapical lesions,extraoral as well as intraoral swelling and endodontic re-treatment was arranged. Three canals (the mesiobuccal, mesiolingual and distal) were identified. The mesiobuccal, mesiolingual and distal canals were found in their normal locations. Clinicians need to be aware of the unusual root canal anatomy of the mandibular first molar. After thorough root canal cleaning and shaping, root canal obturation with gutta-percha and calcium hydroxide based sealer by single cone technique was performed. A 6-month recall showed complete healing.

Key words: mandibular second molar, endodontic re-treatment, root canal anatomy

[1]. West JD: The relation between the three-dimensional endodontic seal and endodontic failure, Master Thesis, Boston University, 1975
[2]. Ruddle CJ: Nonsurgical endodontic retreatment, J Calif Dent Assoc 25:11, pp. 765-800, 1997
[3]. Ruddle CJ: Surgical endodontic retreatment, J Calif Dent Assoc 19:5, pp. 61-67, 1991.
[4]. Stabholz A, Friedman S: Endodontic retreatment- case selection and technique. Part 2: treatment planning for retreatment. J Endod 14:12, pp. 607-614, 1988.
[5]. Ruddle CJ: Ch. 25, Nonsurgical endodontic retreatment. In Cohen S, Burns RC, editors: Pathways of the Pulp, pp. 875-929, 8th ed., Mosby, St. Louis, 2002...

Abstract: This study was aimed to assess the role of insulin resistance in acne vulgaris. Materials and method: This was a hospital-based, observational study done on 300outdoor patientswho were clinically diagnosed to have acne.HOMA IR (Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance) was calculated for all patients. Results: In our study, out of 300 cases, 154 (51.3%) were females and 146(48.7%) were males. Most of the cases (29.6%) were between 16-20 years of age followed by (20.6%) 21-25 years of age. 72.7% of the patients were students. Out of 300, 54% patients were adopting high glycemic diet.Grade II acne was found in 182 of 60.7%, followed by grade III in 77 (25.7%); grade I in 26(8.7%) and grade IV in 15 (5%) patients.Fasting serum Insulin levels was raised(>20) in 48(16%) females and 38(12.7%) males.HOMA IR level was raised(>2.5) in 86(28.6%) patients.............

Key words: Acne vulgaris , Insulin resistance

[1]. Sams WM Jr, Lynch PJ, eds. Principles and Practice of Dermatology. New York:Churchill Livingstone; 1990; 22:320-342
[2]. Leung AK, Robson WL. Acne. J R Soc Health 1991: 111: 57-60
[3]. Eichenfield LF, Leyden JJ. Acne: Current concepts of pathogenesis and approach to rational treatment. Paediatrician1991; 18:218-23
[4]. Cunliffe WJ, Marks R, eds. Acne. London: Martin Dunitz; 1989; 68:160-174
[5]. L. Cordain, S. Lindeberg, M. Hurtado, K. Hill, B. Eaton, B. Brand-Miller, Acne vulgaris-a disease of western civilization. Arch. Dermatol. 138, 1584–1590 (2002).

Abstract: Background: Pro-inflammatory markers have come a long way as indicators of periodontal disease. One such marker which can be detected in the serum is the ceruloplasmin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of cerruloplasmin in both aggressive and chronic periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from aggressive periodontitis patients(n = 20), chronic periodontitis patients(n = 20) and periodontally healthy patients (n = 20). The serum was extracted from all the blood samples and ceruloplasmin levels were spectroscopically........

Keywords: Ceruloplasmin,hypoferremia,hypoxia,periodontitis

[1]. de Queiroz AC, Taba M, Jr, O'Connell PA, da Nóbrega PB, Costa PP, Kawata VK, et al. Inflammation markers in healthy and periodontitis patients: A preliminary data screening. Braz Dent J. 2008;19:3–8.

[2]. Califano JV. Position paper: Periodontal diseases of children and adolescents. J Periodontol. 2003;74:1696–704.

[3]. American Academy of Periodontology Task Force Report on the Update to the 1999 Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions. J Periodontol. 2015;86: 835-838.

[4]. Armitage GC. Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Ann Periodontol. 1999;4:1–6.

[5]. Haffajee AD, Socransky SS, Goodson JM. Clinical parameters as predictors of destructive periodontal disease activity. J Clin Periodontol. 1983;10:257–65.