iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-2 ~ February-2019

Abstract: Background The vermiform appendix is the most common intra-abdominal organ subjected to frequent surgical intervention and resection. Appendicitis is the inflammation of appendix. It is usually a disease of the young, with 40% of cases occurring between the ages of 10 and 29 years. Appendicitis is the most common intra-abdominal condition requiring many times emergency surgery. The pathogenesis of appendicitis remains poorly understood. Mast cells are known to be effector cells in various inflammatory reactions but their role in appendicitis is unclear..........

Keywords: Mast cell, appendicitis, appendix

[1]. Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference-its early diagnosis and treatment. Trans. Assoc. Am. Physicians 1886;1:107-44.
[2]. Williams GR. Presidential Address: A History of appendicitis. With anecdotes illustrating its importance. Ann Surg 1983;197(5):495-506.
[3]. Bochner BS, Lichtenstein LM. Anaphylaxis. N Eng J Med 1991;328(25):1785-90.
[4]. Seema V, Pattankar VL. Mast cell variation in some commonly encountered lesions of salivary glands. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences 2011;2(2):19-27.
[5]. Clayden EC. Practical section cutting and staining. (5th edn.) Churchill Livingstone 1971;115

Abstract: Pseudomonas has been recognized as an important nosocomial, health care associated pathogen, selected out due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics. They are multidrug resistant, contributing to treatment problems. The present study was undertaken to determine the occurrence of Pseudomonas as a hospital pathogen from various clinical samples and to ascertain its sensitivity pattern along with a clinico-bacteriological correlation. Cultural analysis was undertaken on solid and liquid media. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done using CLSI Guidelines. The occurrence as a hospital pathogen was 3.1%. The male female ratio 1.2: 1. Patients belonged to age groups above 51 years (55.4%). Pus samples yielded the maximum isolates of Pseudomonas (40.2%),......

Key words: Pseudomonas, Non fermentors, Nosocomial pathogen

[1]. Hill EB, Henry DA, Speert DP. Pseudomonas In; Murray PR, Baron EJ, Jorgensen JH, Landry ML, Pfaller MA, Editors. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. 9th ed. Vol. 1, Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology: 2007.PP 734-48.
[2]. Malini A, Deepa EK, Gokul BN, Prasad SR. Non fermenting Gram Negative bacilli Infection in a Tertiary care hospital in Kolar, Karnataka. J Lab Phys. 2009: 1(2):62-66.
[3]. Collee JG, Fraser AG, Marmion BP, Simmons A. Mackie and McCartney's Practical Medical Microbiology. 1999; 14th Edn, Churchill Livingstone, Pp 68.
[4]. Performance standards for Antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 27th Ed. CLSI Supplement M100. Wayne, PA:Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2017.
[5]. Pathi B, Mishra SN, Parugrahi K, Poddar N, Lenla PR, Mallick B et al. Prevalence and antibiogram pattern of Pseudomonas aeuginosa in a tertiary care hospital from Odisha, India. Transworld Medical Journal. 1(3):77-80.

Abstract: Trauma has been attributed as cause for appendicitis in many cases,however isolated transection of appendix following blunt abdominal trauma is almost unheard of. We report a case of young boy who developed transection of appendix with peritonitis following cycle handle bar injury.In view of abdominal findings and CT suggestive of pneumoperitoneum,patient was taken for exploratory laparotomy.Patient had peritonitis secondary to transection of appendix leaving behind 3cm of appendiceal stump.Stump appendicectomy and lavage was done and patient had uneventful post-operative period. Hence, though rare blunt abdominal trauma may present with isolated appendiceal injury...

Keywords: appendiceal transection,blunt abdominal trauma

[1]. Appendiceal transection associated with seat belt restrain;Seung Je co etal;Annsurg Treat Res,v 91(2);2016 Aug 93-95
[2]. Injury to appendix after blunt abdominal trauma DFM Thomas,BMJPg 474,12 August 1978
[3]. The teaumatic appendicitis:- A case report and literature review-Bouassia et al world journal of emergency surgery 2013 8:31.
[4]. SerourF,EfratiY,KlinB,etal:Acut appendicitis following abdominal trauma.ArchSurg 1996,131:785-786
[5]. Ann J Emerg Med.2017 Sep;35(9):1386.e5-1386.e6.Appendicitis following blunt abdominal trauma.Cobb T.

Abstract: Hernias of the anterior abdominal wall or ventral hernias represent defects in the parietal abdominal wall fascia and muscle through which intra-abdominal or preperitoneal contents can protrude. Primary ventral hernias are gradually named according to their anatomical location. Epigastric hernias are located in the midline between xiphoid process & the umbilicus. Umblical hernias occur at the umbilical ring and may be present at birth or develop later in life. Spigelian hernia occur through the fascia in the region of semilunar line. 10 – 20% of the patients may eventually develop hernias at the incision sites ( Incisional hernia ) following open abdominal surgery. Incisional hernias occur as a result of excessive tension and inadequate healing of a previous incision which may.......

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[2]. Bose SM, Lal R, Kalra M, Wig JD, Khanna SK, Ventral hernia; A review of 175 cases, Indian J. Surgery, 1999; 61(3);180-4
[3]. Rao MM, Surgery for ventral hernia. Recent advances in surgery. Jaypee Brothers Publishers New Delhi 1998;2(11); 104-14
[4]. Nyhus L.M. and Condon, R.E(eds) Hernia, 5th edition J.B, Lippincott, Philadelphia; 2001:686-687
[5]. Shah PP, Shama S, Panchabhai S. Frequency distribution of anterior abdominal wall hernia. Int J Anato Radiol Surg 2016; 5(3); S007-10.

Abstract: Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness, with varied clinical pictures which can involve multiple organ systems and can result in significant morbidity and mortality. This zoonotic infection is caused by the obligate intracellular bacteria Orientiatsutsugamushi, which is transmitted to humans by the bite of the larval trombiculid mite. In South and Southeast Asia and the Asian Pacific rim, scrub typhus is a major public health threat.However, from this part of the country, Telangana, Scrub Typhus is not very frequently seen or diagnosed often. We report a case of fever with rash which was suspected to be Dengue fever in view of clinical features and endemicity but eventually turned out to be Scrub typhus..

Keywords: Scrub Typhus, Telangana, Fever with rash

[1]. Vivekanandan M, Mani A, Priya YS, Singh AP, Jayakumar S, Purty S. Outbreak of scrub typhus in Pondicherry. J Assoc Physicians India 2010;58:24-8.
[2]. Mahajan SK. Scrub typhus. J Assoc Physicians India 2005;53:954-8
[3]. Pothukuchi Venkata Krishna, Shaik Ahmed, Katreddy Venkata Narasimha Reddy. A case report of scrub typhus. Journal of Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences 2015;4(1) 47-49
[4]. Lyu Y, Tian L, Zhang L, Dou X, Wang X, Li W, et al. A case-control study of risk factors associated with scrub typhus infection in Beijing, China. PLoS One 2013;8:e63668.
[5]. Narvencar KP, Rodrigues S, Nevrekar RP, Dias L, Dias A, Vaz M, et al. Scrub typhus in patients reporting with acute febrile illness at a tertiary health care institution in Goa. Indian J Med Res 2012;136:1020-4

Abstract: In India, the literature regarding social responsibilities among dentists is scarce, hence the present study was undertaken to analyze how private dental practitioner in Mysore City account for their professional obligation towards society.A total of 172 private dental practitioner were there in Mysore City, out of which 136 gave consent to participate. A 13 –item questionnaire was used. It was self-completed by the participants. For the data analysis, the ratings were assigned weight value of 1,2,3,4 and 5, respectively. The Total Weight Value (TWV) for each item of the questionnaire was obtained through the summation and the Indices for Social Concern (SCI) for each of the questionnaire item were arrived and the mean of the index was calculated. Eight of the 13 questionnaire items had SCI higher than the mean value of SCI (4.29) showing areas of great social concerns: 'Dental institutes should participate.......

Key Words: Social responsibility, Private dental practitioner, Dentists.

[1]. Patil AV, Somasundaram KV, Goyal RC Current health scenario in rural India. Aust. j. Rural Health 2002; 10(2): 129–135
[2]. Chinmaya BR, Shaik Hyder Ali KH, Srivastava BK, Pushpanjali K. Oral health status and treatment needs in Chitradurga, India and strategies to meet the needs. Archives of Oral Sciences & Research 2011;1(1):14-25.
[3]. Parkash H Shah N. National oral health care programme: Implementation strategies .Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi.2000.
[4]. Parkash H Shah N. National oral health care programme: Implementation strategies .Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi.2001.
[5]. Sobha Tendon. Challenges to the Oral Health Workforce in India .J Dent Educ 2004; 68(7 Suppl): 28-33..

Abstract: Background :Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. Infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and its related immunosuppression are associated with an increased risk of prevalence, incidence and persistent squamous intraepithelial lesions(SILs) of the cervix. Objectives : (1)To study the changes in cervical cytology with relation to HPV DNA type detected by using RT-PCR in HIV positive females. (2) To find out the prevalence of cervical abnormalities in the study group comprising of 100 HIV positive women and 100 HIV negative women as a control. Material and MethodsThe present study was conducted in the department of Pathology, GMC, Patiala on 100 cervical brushings prepared from HIV positive patients..........

Keywords: HPV,HIV,LBC,NILM,ASCUS,LSIL,HSIL.

[1]. Memiah P, Makokha V, Mbuthia W, Kiiru GW, Agbor S, Odhiambo F, et al. Epidemiology of Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in HIV Infected Women in Kenya:a cross-Sectional Study, Afr J Reprod Health 2015;19(1):133-9.
[2]. Chakravarty J, Chourasia A, Thakur M, Singh AK, Sundar S, Agrawal NR. Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection & cervical abnormalities in HIV-positive women in eastern India. The Indian journal of medical research. 2016;143(1):79.
[3]. Walboomers JM, Jacobs MV, Manos MM, Bosch FX, Kummer JA, Shah KV et al. Human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer worldwide. The Journal of pathology. 1999;189(1):12-9.
[4]. Abraham AG, Strickler HD, Jing Y, Gange SJ, Sterling TR, Silverberg M et al. Invasive cervical cancer risk among HIV-infected women: a North American multi-cohort collaboration prospective study. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999). 2013;62(4):405-13.
[5]. Sample collection procedure using rovers cervix brush. Sure Path collection procedure – Doc No. 779-1001-02 Rev C. Available from :www.bmpath.com/documents/surepath visual sheet.pdf.

Abstract: Kidney disease forms an important cause of morbidity and mortality in a large proportion of the population and also in many hospitalised patients. Chronic kidney disease is now a global health crisis with estimated prevalence of 8-16% world wide.[1 ] Acute and chronic kidney diseases result in complications like cardiovascular accidents, end stage renal disease , infections, renal osteodystrophy , anemia and cognitive decline. Therefore kidney diseases should be prevalent in autopsy kidneys but it has been noticed that the frequency and spectrum of medical renal pathology in autopsy specimens is not documented frequently.Not often do pathologists invoke kidney disease as the cause of death at autopsy.[3] This is because the primary importance during autopsy is given to find out the immediate cause of death thus inspecting the heart, lungs and brain primarily involved frequently. Thereby ignoring other organs involved.[1]..........

[1]. KammiJ Henriksen et al: Autopsy kidneys: an overlooked resource.Autopsy case reports 2018 Jan-Mar;8(1):e2018013
[2]. JhaV,et al .Chronic kidney disease:global dimension and perspectives.Lancet.2013;382(9888):260-72.
[3]. PerroneME et al. Medical renal diseases are frequent but often unrecognized in adult autopsies. Mod Pathol.2018;31(2):365-73.
[4]. Henriksen KJ et al .Non-neoplastic renal diseases are often unrecognized in adult tumor nephrectomy specimens : a review of 246 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2007;31(11):1703-8
[5]. Bijol V,Batal I.Non-neoplastic pathology in tumor nephrectomy specimens.Surg Pathol Clin.2014;7(3)291-305.

Abstract: staphylococcus aureus is alesso.......

Keywords:: screening of Methicillin Resistant S.aureus by disc diffusion method.

[1]. Okunye Olufemi L, Adeleke Olufemi E, Adegoke O Andrew and Adeyemi Omokehinde H.Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Beta-lactamase Production in Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from Recurrent Furunculosis in Southwestern, Nigeria. Sierra Leone Journal of Biomedical Research ISSN 2076-6270 (Print) Vol. 3(3) pp. 123-127, December, 2011.
[2]. Jamshaid ali khan, Zafar iqbal, Liaqat ali and Abbas khan. Prevalence and β-lactamase producing bacterial isolates in a teaching hospital in peshawar, pakistan: a four year study Department of Pharmacy University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.Postgraduate Medical Institute, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar
[3]. Christoph K. Naber. Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management Strategies, Department of Cardiology, West-German Heart Center, Essen, Germany [4]. Lowy F.D staphylococcus aureus infections N Engl J Med 1988; 339:520-32

[5]. Lowy F.D Antimicrobial resistance; the example of D staphylococcus aureus. J clin invest 2003; 111:1265-73...

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Nd: YAG laser in clearing the deposits on anterior surface of intra ocular lens(IOL). Methods:Ten eyes of 10 patients who had pigment deposits on IOL post cataract surgery were included. All eyes underwent Nd YAG laser assisted sweeping of the pigments on IOL. Visual acuity, IOP and fundus examination were done pre and post procedure. All patients were started on Lotepred 0.5% in tapering dose. All patients were followed up for 3 months. Results: The deposits were totally cleared in 8 patientsand partially left in 2 patients.Improvement in visual acuity ranged from 2 to 4 lines was noted in 7 cases. IOL pitting noted in 2 cases. Fundus was better evaluated in all patients after YAG sweep. Conclusion: Nd YAG sweeping of the intra ocular lens surface is an effective method for clearing pigmented deposits on anterior surface of IOLs.

Keywords: Pigment,Cataract, Nd YAG, Sweeping, deposits, IOL

[1]. Eifzig DE. Deposits on the surface of the intra ocular lens: a pathologic study. South Med J 1986; 73:6-8.
[2]. Ferguson VMG, Spalton DJ. Recovery of the blood aqueous barrier after cataract surgery. Br J Ophthalmol 1991; 75:106-110.
[3]. Nishi O. Fibrinous membrane formation on the posterior chamber lens during the early post-operative period. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1988; 14:73-77.
[4]. Miyake K, Maekubo K, Miyake Y et al, Pupillary fibrin membrane; a frequent early complication after posterior chamber lens implantation in Japan. Ophthalmology 1989; 96:1228-1233.

[5]. Apple DJ, Mamalis N, Loftfield K et al. Complications of intra ocular lenses, a historical and histopathological reviews. Surv Ophthalmol. 1984; 29:1-53.

Abstract: The presence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, which includes a left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (DD), seems to deteriorate the course of liver cirrhosis and the prognosis. The prevalence of DD in cirrhotic patients averages about 50 %.It can be evaluated by Doppler echocardiography. There seems to be a relation between DD and the severity of liver dysfunction. In this study, we evaluated the association between diastolic dysfunction and severity of liver cirrhosis........

[1]. H. J. Kowalski andW. H. Abelmann, "The cardiac output at rest in Laennec's cirrhosis,"The Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.32, no. 10, pp. 1025–1033, 1953.
[2]. D. Ziada, R. Gaber, N. Kotb,M.Ghazy, andH.Nagy, "Predictive value of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide in tissue doppler-diagnosed cirrhotic cardiomyopathy," Heart Mirror Journal, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 264–270, 2011.
[3]. S. Moller and J. H. Henriksen, "The systemic circulation in cirrhosis," in Ascites and Renal Dysfunction in Liver Disease, P. Gines,V.Arroyo, J. Rodes, and R.W. Schrier, Eds., pp. 139–155,Blackwell, Malden, Mass, USA, 2005.
[4]. S. Moller and J. H. Henriksen, "Cardiovascular complications of cirrhosis," Gut, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 268–278, 2008.

[5]. M. Pozzi, S. Carugo, G. Boari et al., "Evidence of functional and structural cardiac abnormalities in cirrhotic patients with and without ascites," Hepatology, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 1131–1137, 1997.

Abstract: Introduction: Acute abdomen is all time enigma, rightly described as Pandora's box by Desai and Irani1. It is an Intra-abdominal condition of abrupt onset usually associated with pain due to Inflammation, perforation, obstruction, infarction or rupture of abdominal organs requiring emergency surgical or medical intervention. Aim: To study the clinical observation and management of cases of acute abdomen patients admitted in the surgical emergency department DMCH Darbhanga. Material & Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the, Darbhanga Medical College & Hospital, Laheriasarai,(2011–2013). A total number of hundred cases(new born to 70 years of age,58 males,42 females) of acute abdomen were included in this.........

Keywords: acute abdomen,perforation,obstructionlaparoscopy,laparotomy

[1]. Agrawal B.B.L. : J.I.M.A. 49:5, 229, 1967.
[2]. abdominal pain in adults in Kumasi, Ghana.ANZ JSurg. 2006;76(10);898-903.
[3]. Memon AA, Bhutto AA, Shaikh GS Jokhio A,Soomro Q. Spectrum of diseases in patients withnon-traumatic acute abdomen. J LiaquatUni MedHealth. 2008;7(3):180-3.

[4]. Gupta S, Vaidya M. Mechanical small bowel obstruction cased by acute appendicitis. The American Surgeon. 1969;35(9):670–674. [PubMed

[5]. Bohrn M, Siewert B (2004), "Acute abdominal pain: What not to miss", Patient Care, Vol. 38, pp. 31-39.

Abstract: Introduction: Orbito-ocular tumours are an important cause of morbidity and mortality.Though studies on orbito-ocular tumours have been carried out in various parts of Nigeria, no formal study has been carried out in Benue state. Aim: The aim of this study is to highlight the different orbito-ocular tumors and consider other demographics of such as seen in the Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi. Methodology: This is a retrospective hospital based study in which all case folders of patients with orbito-ocular tumours in Benue State University Teaching Hospital between 2014 and 2016 were retrieved and analyzed.......

Key Words: Benue, Orbito-ocular, Tumours

[1]. C M Chuka-Okosa, N J Uche, N N Kizor-Akaraiwe: Orbito-ocular neoplasms in Enugu, South-Eastern Nigeria; West African Journal of Medicine 2008, 27 (3): 144-7
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Abstract: Reconstruction of severely fractured teeth is a great challenge in restorative dentistry especially in esthetic zone. Since, the tooth crown is usually totally or partially lost by caries, erosion, abrasion, previous restorations, trauma or endodontic access. If more than half of the coronal structure has been lost, a root canal post is required to provide retention for the restoration (1).Traumatized tooth usually require a followup of 3 to 6 weeks for assessment of pulpal status,but grossly fractured tooth generally requires immediate endodontic treatment followed by proper restoration. The treatment becomes more challenging if there is open apex in a traumatized tooth. The goal of treatment planning now shifts toward the proper seal of apical region keeping in mind the potential for physiologic......

[1]. Schwartz RS, Robbins JW. Post placement and restoration of endodontically treated teeth: a literature review. J Endod 2004;30: 289–301.
[2]. Kaira LS et al. Carbon Fiber Post to Reinforce Esthetics. Journal of Dental and Allied Sciences. 2013; 2(1):39-42.
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[5]. Qualtrough AJ, Chandler NP, Purton DG. A comparison of the retention of tooth-colored posts. Quintessence Int 2003;34:199–201.