iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-2 ~ February-2019

Abstract: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is most important cause of legal blindness between 20-70yr age group. Periodic glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) measurements can reflect the long-term control of hyperglycaemia. Intensive glycemic control had been proved to be effective in decreasing incidence rate of development and progression of DR in type 1 and type 2 DM. Hyperlipidaemia (LDL, TG) causes endothelial dysfunction due to reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide and breakdown of blood retinal barrier leading to exudation of serum lipids and lipoproteins which results in DR changes and diabetic macular odema (DME) formation.........

Key Words: OCT, FFA, Diabetic Retinopathy, HbA1C.

[1]. Suresh BabuK,AravindKumar.R, Anand Shaker I. Glycated albumin and Microalbuminuria as risk factors in Diabetic retinopathy of
type 2 Diabetes mellitus.Journal of Biological & Scientific opinion 2013;1.
[2]. Nikolaos P, Stella S, DespinaPerrea, Christos D. Matrixmetalloproteinases and diabetic vascular complications. Angiology
march/april2005; 56: 2173-2189.
[3]. Mossad A, Abd-Allah Youssef. Evaluation of some biochemical changes in diabetic spatients. ClinicaChimicaActa. 2004; 346:
161-170.
[4]. International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes atlas. 6th edn. http://www.idf.org/ diabetes atlas
[5]. Yau JW, Rogers SL, Kawasaki R, Lamoureux EL, Kowalski JW, Bek T et al. Meta-Analysis for Eye Disease (META-EYE) Study
Group. Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic reti-nopathy. Diabetes Care 2012; 35:556-64..

Abstract: Aims And Objectives: To evaluate retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and central foveal thickness in various degree of myopia during 2015to 2018. Methodology: A total of 200 eyes of myopic patients between age group of 18-40 years were selected and complete ophthalmic examination was done. Subjects were categorised into low (-.50D SE, <-3.00D); moderate (-3.00D SE≤ -.600D) and high(-6.00D SE<-8.00D) degree of myopia. Using SD-OCT the CFT and RNFL thickness were measured. Axial length measured using A-SCAN Biometry for every subject. Result: The CFT of high myopia 230±3.37μm (23 eyes) was greater than low 213.87±10.38μm (40 eyes) and moderate 219.64±4.2μm (37 eyes)..........

Keywords : Myopia , central foveal thickness, RNFLt, optical coherence tomography, A-Scan

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[3]. Curtin BJ. The myopia: Basic science and clinical management. Philadelphia, PA: Harper and row. 1985.
[4]. Curtin B. Topics to be considered when establishing standards for clinical myopia studies. Acta ophthalmol suppl. 1988;185: 61-62.
[5]. Gwiazda JE. Accommodation and Related Risk Factors Associated with Myopia Progression and Their Interaction with Treatment
in COMET Children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45(7):2143–51.

Abstract: Drug utilization research will increase our understanding of how drugs are being used by estimating to what extent drugs are properly used , over used, or under used, drug utilization research may also enable us assess whether intervention s undertaken to improve drugs use have had the desired impact by monitoring and evaluating the effect of measures taken to improve undesirable patterns of drug .[1]our aim of study to assessing prescribing pattern of out patients in tertiary care hospital whether rational or irrational ,and awareness of essential drugs among physicians , and awareness of antimicrobial use guidelines and protocols. In our study total 512 prescriptions........

[1]. Introduction to drug utilization research .WHO 2003.www.apps.who.int

[2]. Ehijie F.O. Enato and Ifeanyi E. Chima,Evaluation of drug utilization patterns and patient care practices.West African Journal of
pharmacy, 22 (1): 36-41,(2011).
[3]. World Health Organization medicine strategy, 2008-2013. WHO, Geneva, 2008.
[4]. Abdulgafar O.Jimoh, Emmanuel U. Etuk, Zuwaira Sani, Hudu A. Shuaibu, The Pattern of Antibiotic Use in a Family Medicine
Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Sokoto,North Western Nigeria.Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 5 (3): 566-569,
(2011).
[5]. Biswas NR, Jindal S, Siddiquei MM et al, Patterns of prescription and drug use in ophthalmology in a tertiary hospital in Delhi. Br J
Clin Pharmacol, 51: 267-269 (2001)...

Abstract: Adolescence is a period when various changes take place in their body, mind as well as in their behavior and habit forming. This brings the need for them to know dealing with these changes by Life Skill Education (LSE) beginning from school level itself. But LSE is hardly given in schools of Meerut. Thus, the present study was done with objective to assess the life skills of school going adolescents of urban Meerut and to determine the variations in life skills of adolescents with their personal variables. The present cross sectional study was done with purposive sampling technique for the selection of schools and total Enumeration of the entire adolescent from selected schools belonging to age group of 12-19 years which came out to be a sample of 1185 adolescents. Most of the adolescents scored average in the global life skills score and in each of the ten dimensions of life skills. Significant difference was found in the global life skills score with age, gender, both the parent's education and mother's occupation of the adolescents..........

[1]. Chakra A. A life skills approach to adolescent development. International Journal of Home Sciences. 2016 Feb 25; 2(1):234-238.
[2]. Slater A, Tiggemann M. A test of objectification theory in adolescent girls. Sex Roles. 2002 May; 46(9/10):343-349.
[3]. Chhadva D, Kacker P. Effectiveness of life Skill Education on Adolescents. International Journal of Research in Education
Methodology. 2013 Jun; 3(1):213-220.
[4]. Subasree R, Nair AR. Life Skills Assessment Scale: the construction and validation of a new comprehensive scale for measuring
life skills. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. 2014 Feb; 19(1):50-58.
[5]. Dhingra R, Chauhan KS. Assessment of life skills of adolescents in relation to selected variables. International Journal of Scientific
and Research Publications. 2017 Aug; 7(8):201-212...

Abstract: Background And Objectives: India , being diabetic capital of the world and the most common complication of diabetes mellitus is diabetic foot ulcer. The aim of the study is to compare the healing of diabetic plantar foot ulcers when treated with conventional measures alone vs conventional measures along with bohler iron plaster cast. Bohler iron plaster cast provides complete offloading of foot thus causing dispersion of pressure points away from ulcer site. Methods: A prospective comparative.......

Keywords: Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) scores, Bohler iron plaster cast,conventional dressings.

[1]. Palumbo PJ ,melton LJ, peripheral vascular diseaseanddiabetes.In National Diabetes data group in America , 2nd edition GPO
Washington DC
[2]. SinacoreDR , muller MJ offloading for diabetic foot disease in:Bowker JH ,pfeifer m Levin and O'Neals the diabetic foot 7th ed.
Elsevier
[3]. Holstein P , Larsen k ,sager P decompression with aid of insoles in the treatment of diabetic neuropathic ulcers
[4]. Thomas DR,Rodeheaver GT, bartolucci AA pressure ulcer scale for healing ,derivation and validation of PUSH tool adv.wound
care 10(5):96-101
[5]. BaumhauerJF ,werveryR,Mcwilliams J , Harris GF ,a comparison study of plantar foot pressure in a standardized shoe,total contact cast prefabricated pneumatic walking brace.

Abstract: Pharmacovigilance is defined as the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects of drugs, or any other drug-related problems. Awareness of the impact of ADRs on individual patients is important for Health care professionals' perspectives on safety issues. The stories of patients who have experienced ADRs will elucidate the impact of ADRs to Health care professionals. Both serious and non-serious ADRs may negatively influence patients' quality of life and
treatment satisfaction and hamper...........

Keyword: Pharmacovigilance,Current Scenario, Knowledge, Attitude And Practice

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Switzerland
[2]. International drug monitoring: the role of national centres. Report of a WHO meeting. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 498: 1-25.
[3]. World Health Organization (2002) The importance of pharmacovigilance - Safety monitoring of medicinal products. Geneva,
Switzerland.
[4]. Green CF, Mottram DR, Rowe PH, Pirmohamed M (2001) Attitudes and knowledge of hospital pharmacists to adverse drug
reaction reporting. Br J Clin Pharmacol 51: 81-86.
[5]. Subish P, Izham MM, Mishra P (2008) Evaluation of the knowledge, attitude and practices on adverse drug reactions and
pharmacovigilance among healthcare professionals in a Nepalese hospital: a preliminary study. The Internet Journal of
Pharmacology 6(1).

Abstract: Contexte : l'évaluation des apports iodés se fait au moyen de plusieurs indicateurs notamment la prévalence de goitre, la proportion de ménage utilisant le sel iodé, l'iode urinaire. La thyroglobuline est utilisée comme bio marqueur des apports iodés principalement chez les enfants. Aucune donnée n'existe pour ce marqueur chez les femmes enceintes dans notre milieu. Ce travail vise à déterminer le profil de la thyroglobuline au cours de la grossesse et ses variations en.........

[1]. Lee SL, Ananthakrishnan S, Pearce EN. Iodine deficiency. Available from:
http://www.emedicine.com/med/fulltopic/topic1187.2006section; Treatment (cited September 2008).
[2]. OMS. Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition: joint FAO/WHO experts' consultation on human vitamin and mineral
requirements.Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2004.
[3]. Zimmermann MB. Iodine requirements and the risks and benefits of correcting iodine deficiency in populations. Journal of Trace
Elements in Medecine and Biology 2008; 22 (2): 81-92.
[4]. Koenig F, Andersson M, Hotz K, Aeberli I, Zimmermann MB. Ten repeat collections for urinary iodine from spot samples or 24-
hour samples are needed to reliably estimate individual iodine status in women. J Nutr. 2011; 141:2049–2054.
[5]. Zimmermann MB. Assessing Iodine status and monitoring progress of iodized salt programs. J.Nutr. 2004; 134 (7): 1673-1677..

Abstract: Background: Smoking is the most common method of consuming tobacco which can hamper impulse conduction of sensory and motor nerves. Nerve conduction amplitude is an important parameter of sensory and motor nerve conduction studies. The present study was undertaken to assess nerve conduction amplitude in Sural and Peroneal nerves in apparently healthy male smokers. Methods: Study was carried out in 120 male subjects belonging to age group 25-45 years. Sensory and motor nerve conduction amplitude was tested in Sural and Peroneal nerves respectively by standard method in apparently healthy male.............

Keywords: Nerve conduction amplitude, Smokers, Sural nerve, Peroneal nerve.

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193–6.
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[5]. Sanjay P. Zodpey, Suresh N. Ughade . WHO South –East Asia Region ; September 2006; Vol.3; 336-341.

Abstract: This case report describes the diagnosis and treatment of impacted mandibular canine in a 14 year old male patient. Patient was treated by surgical exposure of the impacted tooth followed by orthodontic traction. The total time duration of the treatment was 22 months. Impacted teeth are defined as teeth that remain completely or incompletely embedded in the jawbone or mucosa for more than 2 years following physiological eruption time.1 Canines play an pivotol role in functional occlusion and forms the foundation of an esthetic smile..........

Keywords: Orthodontics, Orthodontic management, Mandibular impacted canine, Surgical exposure, Orthodontic positioning

[1]. Bass TB. Observations on the misplaced upper canine tooth. Dent Pract Dent Rec 1967;18:25-33.
[2]. Richardson G, Russel l KA. A Review of Impacted Permanent Maxillary Cuspids: Diagnosis andPrevention. J Can Dent Assoc
2000: 66:497-501
[3]. D'Amico RM, Bjerklin K, Kurol J, Falahat B. Long-term Results of Orthodontic Treatment of ImpactedMaxillary Canines. Angle
Orthod 2003: 73:231–238.
[4]. Aydin U, Yilmaz HH, Yildirim D. Incidence of canine impaction and transmigration in a patientpopulation. Dentomaxillofac Radiol
2004: 33:164-9.
[5]. Alaejos-Algarra C, Berini-Aytes L, Gay-Escoda C. Transmigration of mandibular canines: Report ofsix cases and review of the
literature. Quintessence Int. 1998: 29:395-398..

Abstract: Cholelithiasis is derived from Greek word ' chol' means bile ,lith means stone and iasis means process.cholelithiasis is civilization disease and accounts for 10-15%. Epithelial exposure to harmful toxin both exogenous and endogenous compoundslead to alteration in gall bladder mucosa. Epithelium shows atropy, hypertrophy with metaplastic changes. So priority is to be given to prevent these changes leading to dysplasia by cholecystectomy.

Keywords: Metaplasia (intestinal and pyloric), dysplasia, cholecystectomy

[1]. Shaffer EA.Gall stone disease: Epidemiology of gall stone disease. Best pract Res Clin Gasterenterology 2006; 20: 981-996.
[2]. Mukhopadhyay S, Landas SK. Putative precursors of gallbladder dysplasia: a review of 400 routinely resected specimens. Arch Pathol Lab Med2005;129:3 86-90..
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[4]. Tsutsumi Y, Nagura H, Osamura Y, Watanabe K, Yanahiara N. Histochemical studies of metaplastic lesions in the gallbladder. Arch Pathol Lab Med.1984;108(11):917-21.
[5]. Yamagiwa H. Mucosal dysplasia of gallbladder: isolated and adjacent lesions to carcinoma. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1989;80(3):238-43

Abstract: Background: Head and neck cancers are one of the leading cancers by incidence and mortality worldwide, mostly involving the mouth and oropharynx. Despite intense research, its 5-year survival rate remains low. p53 expression has been studied extensively in head and neck squamous cell carcinoms but its utility as a prognostic biomarker is still unclear. Aim: Assessment and clinicopathological correlation of p53 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: This prospective study was conducted at Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences and Pradyumna Bal Memorial.............

Keywords: head and neck , p53 , prognosis , squamous cell carcinoma

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cancer Prev 2006; 7:108-12...