iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-2 ~ February-2019

Abstract: Introduction: Dengue is one of the emerging diseases. It has wide range of clinical spectrum, so this study is done to find out the clinical profile and laboratory investigations in confirmed cases of dengue. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study done in the Department of Pediatrics, PMCH Patna, over one year period from December 2015 to December 2016. 90 children <18 years age present with fever and positive for dengue based on serological test were included in the study. Their demographical profile, clinical history, general, systemic examination and laboratory investigations were recorded. Result: Out of 90 cases there were 60 male and 30 female. Male to female ratio was 2:1. The most common age group affected was 6-12 years of age (45.56%) cases...........

Key word: Dengue, clinical spectrum, Children <18years

[1]. Whitehorn J, FarrarJ, Br Med Bull., 95:161-73 www.Global medicine.nl/index.php/dengue fever.
[2]. World Health Organization .Dengue hemorrhagic fever: Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, control. Geneva: WHO, 1997.
[3]. Special programme for Research, Training in Tropical Diseases and WORLD Health Organization, Dengue: Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and control, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2009.
[4]. Kabra SK, Jain Y, Pandey RM .Dengue hemorrhagic fever in children in the 1996 Delhi epidemic.Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg1999; 73 435-440.
[5]. Narayan M, Aravind MA, Thilothammal N. Dengue fever epidemic in Chennai: a clinical profile and outcome. Indian Pediatr 2002; 39:1027-1033.

Abstract: Objective of the study was to compare the premorbid social adjustment in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder and healthy controls. Method: Maternal recall was used to assess the premorbid adjustment of patient with schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder recruited from a survey of consecutive hospital admission for schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder and healthy controls drawn from same catchment area. Results: In the study there was significant difference in poor social functioning in childhood and adult psychosis. Conclusion: The results of the study showed there was significant difference in premorbid sociability, and school functioning between patients with schizophrenia, bipolar patients exhibited poorer social impairment though to a lesser degree than subjects with schizophrenia.

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[4]. Mary E. Kelley and Mark Gillbertson (1992). Deterioration in premorbid functioning in schizophrenia : A Developmental model of negative symptoms in drug – Free patients, American journal of Psychiatry 1992: 149 : 1543-1548)
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Abstract: Background and objectives: Emotional processing, motivational processing and cognitive processing each require interaction within and among specific brain networks. Major depressive disorder is a common condition with a high rate of recurrence, chronicity and staggering economic burden, including disability in the workforce. In 2010, MDD was the second leading medical cause of burden globally, with highest estimate of disability in people of working age .Major depressive episode is also involves in cognitive changes. Cognition is a mental process of comprehension, judgement, memory and reasoning. Methods: 60 patients of major depressive disorder(MDD) of 1 year and 3 year duration were assessed. Hamilton Rating Scale for depression was applied to each patient. The cognitive status(memory, mental balance, attention and concentration) were assessed by..........

Keywords: Cognitive deficit, depression, duration

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[3]. Beblo T. Relenvance of neuropsychological studies of depression in the elderly.(article in german) Z Gerontol Geriatr 2002 Apr ; 35 (2) : 111-7.
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Abstract: Vitamin D is found to have anti neoplastic properties in Breast carcinoma and proven to have improved survival rate as evidenced by literature. Serum levels of Vitamin D in patients with breast carcinoma is found to have a significant impact on its incidence worldwide as evidenced by various laboratory and epidemiological studies.It is postulated that breast cells have Vitamin D receptor in their nuclei and polymorphism of genes for these Vitamin D receptor results in increased risk of breast cancer

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[3]. Colston KW, Berger U, Coombes RC. Possible Role for vitamin D in controlling breast cancer cell proliferation. Lancet 1989; 1:188-91.
[4]. Deeb KK, Trump DL, Johnson CS (2007) Vitamin D signalling pathways in cancer: Potential for anti cancer therapeutics. Nat Rev Cancer 7:684-700.
[5]. Yao S, Sucheston LE, Millen AE, Johnson CS, Trump DL, Nesline MK, et al. Pretreatment serum and case-series study. PLoS One. 2011; 6:e17251.
[6]. Welsh J, Wietzke JA, Zinser GM, Byrne B, Smith K, Narvaez CJ. Vitamin D3 receptor as a target for breast cancer prevention. J Nutr 2003; 133:2425-33.

Abstract: Introduction: Caesarean delivery defines as the birth of a fetus via laparotomy (abdominal wall) and then hysterotomy (uterine wall). There are two types of caesarean delivery primary refers to a first time hysterotomy and secondary denotes a uterus with one or more prior hysterotomy incision. Caesarean section is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in the world and can be life-saving for the child, the mother, or both, in certain cases. Multipara means those who had delivered once or more after the age of viability. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective study of primary caesarean section in multigravida admitted at Santhiram Medical College and General Hospital, Nandyal during the period of 1 year from January 2018 to December 2018. Multigravida with pregnancy of >28 weeks gestation (gravida 2 and above), each of whom has had a previous vaginal delivery of > 20 weeks gestation were included. Women with previous abortions and previous section and Pregnancy with medical disorders were excluded...........

Keyword: Multigravida, Maternal outcome, Neonatal outcome, Primary caesarean section

[1]. Rao JH, Rampure N. Study of primary caesarean section in multiparous women. J Evol Med Dental Sci. 2013;2(24):4-7.
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[4]. Omar AAA, Anza SA. Frequency Rate and Indications of Caesarean Sections at Prince Zaid Bin Al Hussein Hospital-Jordan. JRMS. 2012;19(1):82-6.
[5]. Solomon B. The dangerous multipara. Lancet 1932;2:8-11.

Abstract: Introduction: A Smartphone, is a term for distinguishing mobile phones with advanced features from basic feature phones. Smart phone was introduced in the market for a new class of mobile phones that provide integrated services from communication, computing and mobile sectors such as, messaging, personal information, voice communication, management applications and wireless communication capability. Smartphone overuse or addiction may lead to negative health consequences like neck pain, accidents, anxiety, depression and sleep disturbances. Aims: The aim of the present study is to know the prevalence of smartphone addiction among the undergraduate medical students and to assess its impact on the quality of sleep. Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional study done on undergraduate medical students of medical college. Semi-structured Proforma containing Smartphone usage...........

Keywords: Smart Phone Addiction, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Medical students.

[1]. Ira S. Bloomberg L.P, editor. "Before IPhone and Android Came Simon, the First Smartphone" Bloomberg Businessweek. [Last updated on 2012 June 30; Last cited 2014 Feb 17]. ISSN 2162-657X. (2012-06-29).
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[4]. "Penelope-box". Retrieved 2011-12-15. [Last updated on 2011 Dec 15; Last cited on 2014 Feb 17]. Available from http://www.stockholmsmartphone.org/wp-content/uploads/penelope-box.tif .
[5]. Perlow, L. A. (2012). Sleeping with your smartphone: How to break the 24/7 habit and change the way you work. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press.

Abstract: Introduction: Developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH) is a spectrum of disorders of the developing hip that present in different forms at different ages. As the child becomes older without early treatment more secondary deformities develop which can be grouped on 3 major pathological entities like acetabular dysplasia, femoral head subluxation and soft tissue contractures. The aim of our study is to analyse the effectiveness and functional outcome in neglected developmental dysplasia of hip by one stage Klisic procedure. Methodology: This is a prospective study conducted in Institute of Child Health and Government General Hospital, Egmore from 2013-2018. Patients presenting with DDH more than 3 years of age were included in the study. All the patients were evaluated radiologically and their acetabular index is calculated and proceeded with one stage Klisic procedure which consist of Open reduction.......

Keywords: DDH, Klisic Procedure, Modified McKay classification, Acetabular Index

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Abstract: Background And Aims: Mucocutaneous features are a common occurrence in HIV patients, which may be the first pointer towards the presence of HIV infection. This study was done to note the different mucocutaneous manifestations occurring in the PLHA's. Methods: One hundred and fifty consequent HIV seropositive patients attending the outpatient department were included in the study. Results: The mean age of the study population was 32 years and male to female ratio was 2:1, majority were illiterates. Number of manifestations in the patients varied from 01 to 05. Dermatophyte infections (37%) followed by oral candidiasis (27%) were the most common infections seen in this study.PPE and SD were the most common non-infectious manifestations seen in this study. Genital herpes was the most common STI.The type, number and severity of mucocutaneous manifestations were inversely proportional to CD4 count.Inverse relation was seen between CD4 count and number of manifestations.

Keywords: HIV/AIDS, PLHAs, Cutaneous manifestations, STI, CD4 count

[1]. NACO Annual report 2016-17.
[2]. Sanjay M Chawhan, Dharitri Bhat, Seema Solanke Dermatological manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients: Morphological spectrum with CD4 correlation. IJSTD 2013, VOL 34, No 2, page 89
[3]. Sen S, Halder S, Mandal S, Halder A, Bhaumik P. Clinico-epidemiological profile of cutaneous manifestations among HIV positive patients in sub-Himalayan region IJDVL 2009;75:403-5.
[4]. Vijaya AK, Sreenivasulu RN, Deepthi M, Penchaliah K study of skin, hair and nail changes among HIV patients and their correlation with CD4 count ANN Int Med DEN Res 2017;3(3):DT01-DT04.
[5]. Dr Ampajwalam Kiran Raju, Dr G Venkateswara rao. Mucocutaneous manifestations in HIV patients in a tertiary care centre. IOSR-JDMS 16.7 (2017): 58-64 J 2011;44:1081–87.

Abstract: Background: chronic ulcers, often disguised as a comorbid condition, are presenting as a silent epidemic affecting a large fraction of the world population and posing as a major and gathering threat to the public health and economy. Autologous Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is one of the cost effective, easy, newer modalities for chronic ulcers and it contains fibroblast growth factor (GF), vascular endothelial GF, angiopoietin and platelet-derived GF which enhances the wound healing. Aim: The aims of the present study are to determine the efficacy of autologous platelet-rich fibrin for non-healing ulcers and to compare the rate of healing of different ulcers based on aetiology taking care of the primary disease..............

Keywords: chronic ulcer, platelet rich fibrin, platelet rich plasma

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Abstract: Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a heterogeneous group of conditions that lead to joint symptoms and signs which are associated with defective integrity of articular cartilage, in addition to related changes in the underlying bone at the joint margins. OA is the most common joint disease of human both in the western world as well as India. Age, Major joint trauma and repetitive joint use (Anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency or meniscus damage and meniscectomy), Obesity, genetic differences have been found as risk factors for development of OA. Cardinal feature of OA is progressive loss of articular cartilage where all the components of synovial joint: subchondral bone, synovium, meniscus, ligaments and supporting neuromuscular apparatus as well as cartilage are affected are affected. Remodeling and hypertrophy of bone are major features of OA. . Pharmacologic therapy includes topical and oral use of Non- steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol, selective COX-2 inhibitors.............

Key words: Osteoartheritis (OA), NSAIDs

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[2]. Altman R, Asch E, Bloch D, Bole G, Borenstein D, Brandt K, Christy W, Cooke TD, Greenwald R, Hochberg M, et al. Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis. Classification of osteoarthritis of the knee. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee of the American Rheumatism Association. Arthritis Rheum. 1986;29(8):1039-49.

Abstract: Osteoarthritis is a joint inflammation disorder , which result from cartilage degeneration most common caused by aging , overweight , hereditary or traumatic injuries.Researcher reported a case of osteoarthritis which had acute onset on kneejoint , detecting by radiography imaging and confirming by Ultrasonography and Magnetic resonance imaging techniques. The pathologywassuccessfully treated by new method of stem cell therapy, a method which isnewer and very fewreported found in similar cases in literature. This tool used as an identification for treatment osteoarthritis problems.Therefore the author highlight this in recent work , as addresses key challenges of stem cell-based therapies for treatment OA and to provide example of innovative ways in which stem cells can aid in the treatment of such diseases

Keywords- Osteoarthritis, Radiology imaging , stem cell therapy

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