iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2019

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Generally gender can be identified by using the mastoid process based on inspecting its size i.e. larger or small. The size of male mastoid is larger than that of female but the problem is that, there are no standard criteria for identification purpose. A simply calling the mastoid smaller or larger is subjective and may vary depending on inspection. Therefore error may occur when inspection is done by unexperienced person. For these reasons this study is designed tried to find a criteria for identifying sex by measuring the size of the mastoid. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the sex from the cadaveric skull in North Indian population. The variables measured are-Mastoid length, breadth, A-P diameter& size.........

Key words: Mastoid process, Mastoid process length, Mastoid process breadth, Mastoid process A-P diameter& Mastoid process size

[1]. Bass WM .Human osteology ;A laboratory and field manual ofthe human skeleton.Special Publication of the Missouri Archeological Society,Columbia. 1971
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[5]. Moonpal C,Vasana Plakornkul DVM,MS;Sex determination using mastoid process measurement in Thais.J Med Assoc Thai 2012;95(3)423-9.

Abstract: Background: While women and men share many similar health challenges, the differences are such that the health of women deserves particular attention. There are conditions that only women experience and whose potentially negative impact, only they suffer. Some of these – such as pregnancy and childbirth – are not diseases, but biological and social processes that carry health risks and require health care1. This article presents an analysis of self-reported symptoms of obstetric problems among currently married women of reproductive age group (15 to 49 years)......

Key words: reproductive age group women, obstetric morbidity

[1]. Women and health: today's evidence tomorrow's agenda, WHO (2009).
[2]. WHO/MCH/90.4 measuring reproductive morbidity: Report of a Technical Working Group, Geneva, 30 August - 1 September 1989.
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Abstract: Recent times have seen an increase in the incidence of cancer. This is mainly attributed to urbanization, industrialization, lifestyle changes, population growth and increased life span (in turn leading to an increase in the elderly population). In India, the life expectancy at birth has steadily risen from 45 years in 1971 to 62 years in 1991, indicating a shift in the demographic profile. It is estimated that life expectancy of the Indian population will increase to 70 years by 2021–25. This has caused a paradigm shift in the disease pattern from communicable diseases to non-communicable diseases like cancer, diabetes and hypertension. Non communicable diseases are the leading killer of today and are on the increase, 36.1 million people died due to non communicable disease.........

[1]. Brunner & Suddarth .(2005).Text Book of Medical Surgical Nursing. (10th Edition). Philadelpia. Lippincott Publishers.
[2]. Elkins G, Fisher W, Johnson A. (2010). " Mind- Body therapies in integrative oncology", Current treatment options in Oncology,
11( 3): 128-140.
[3]. Gali.W. Stuart Michele. (2005). Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing. (7th Edition). Kundrli. Mosby Publication.
[4]. Geue K, Gobetz H, Buttstaedt. M. (2010). " An overview of art therapy interventions for cancer patients and the results of
research", Complementary therapies, 18( 3): 160-170.
[5]. Lalitha K. (2009). Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing Indian Perspective. (I Edition). Bangalore.V.M.G. Book House..

Abstract: Introduction: It is well known fact that carcinoma breast in males presents in advanced stage at the time of diagnosis because of lack of awareness and knowledge. breast cancer in males accounts for less than 1% of all cancers in men. Male breast cancer mostly metastasise to bones,lungs,liver and brain. Case Report: a 62 year old male presented with ulcerated lesion over right groin for 15 days and severe bony pain in left forearm. On detailed clinical examination and investigation it was found out that patient was suffering from carcinoma of left breast.........

[1]. Weir HK,ThunMJ,HankeyBF,etal.annual report to the notion on the status of cancer,1975-2000,featuring the uses of survelliance data for cancer prevention and control. J Natl cancer trust.2003.95(17):1276-1299.
[2]. Lucy R Khan, J.Michael Dixon. The American journal of hematology/oncology.vol.12,no.6.
[3]. Friedman LS, GaytherSA,Kurosaki T, et al. mutation analysis of BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 in a male breast cancer population. Am J Hum Genet 1997;60(2):313-319.
[4]. Easton DF, steele L, Fields P,et al. cancer risks in two large breast cancer families linked to BRCA-2 on chromosome 13q12-13 Am J Hum Genet 1997;61:120-128.
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Abstract: Diabetes Mellitus is often manifested with electrolyte disturbance of which hypokalemia is very common. It reflects clinically as changes in T wave morphology and QT interval in the electrocardiogram. Ninety subjects (45 diabetic and 45 non-diabetic) were studied after stratified randomised sampling. Their T wave height, T wave axis and QTc were studied in relation to their serum Potassium level. Patients with both Diabetes and hypokalemia had significant differences in ECG parameters when compared to those only with Diabetes, or only hypokalemia or none. In presence of diabetes and hypokalemia changes in T wave height and QTc become more prominent than in presence of diabetes alone..

Keywords: T wave, QT interval, Hypokalemia, Diabetes mellitus.

[1]. Mi Yeon Kang. Blood electrolyte disturbances during severe hypoglycemia in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. Korean Journal of Internal Medicine. 2015 Sep; 30(5): 648–656. Published online 2015 Aug 27. doi: 10.3904/kjim.2015.30.5.648.
[2]. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33) Lancet. 1998;352:837–853.
[3]. Oyer DS. The science of hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2013; 9:195–208.
[4]. Marques JL, George E, Peacey SR, et al. Altered ventricular repolarization during hypoglycaemia in patients with diabetes. Diabet Med. 1997;14:648–654.
[5]. Heller SR. Abnormalities of the electrocardiogram during hypoglycaemia: the cause of the dead in bed syndrome? Int J Clin Pract. Suppl 2002(129):27–32.

Abstract: Background : Heart disease in pregnancy is an important cause of maternal morbidity and accounts for about 10-25 % of maternal mortality . It also influences fetal outcome and perinatal morbidity. Hence this study aims to determine the maternal and fetal outcome in pregnant mothers with heart disease. Methods : This is a retrospective study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical college Hospital , a tertiary care centre , Tamil Nadu , India . 105 Antenatal mothers with previously established heart disease or diagnosed during pregnancy were taken for the study. Results : In our study heart disease accounted for 0.62% of total admissions. Most of the mothers presented in the age group........

Keywords: Heart disease , pregnancy

[1]. McFaul P, Dornan J, Lamki H, et al. Pregnancy complicated by maternal heart disease. A review of 519 women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1998;95:861-867. [PubMed]
[2]. Berg CJ, Atrash HK, Koonin LM,et al. Pregnancy related mortality in the United States, 1987-1990. Obstet Gynecol 1996;88(2)161-7.
[3]. James, Steer,High risk pregnancy management option. In Cardiac disease in pregnancy. 4th edition: 2012; 627-656.
[4]. Bhatla, Yadav, Mishra. The cardiac case. In Ian Donald,s practical obstetrics problems. 6th edition. BI Publications Pvt Ltd India.2010; 103-126.
[5]. Berg CJ, Chang J, Callaghan WM, et al. Pregnancy related mortality in the United States, 1991-1997. Obstet Gynecol 2003;101(2):289-96...

Abstract: Background: Karyotypic studies were carried out on the African giant rat, Cricetomysgambianus, Waterhouse-1840 with the aim of determining its chromosome diploid numbers and autosomal fundamental numbers. Methods: The chromosomes were prepared from the conventional bone marrow of two (2) African giant rats – a male and a female treated intra-peritoneally with 2 ml of 0.04% colchicines for 3 hours. Chromosomes in well spread mitotic metaphase cells were counted and measured using KaryoType computer software. Chromosomal numbers were identified. Ideograms were also constructed from the measurements. Data were collected and analysed using SPSS version 20..........

Keywords: African giant rat, Cricetomysgambianus, Chromosome, Number, Autosomal fundamental number

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Abstract: Calcium hydroxide has been included in several materials and antimicrobial formulations that are used in several treatment modalities in endodontics, such as inter-appointment intracanal medicaments. The purpose of this article was to review the antimicrobial properties of calcium hydroxide in combination with solution, anaestheticnilgiri oil and camphorated monochlorophenolin endodontics. Calcium hydroxide has a high pH (approximately 12.5-12.8) and is classified chemically as a strong base. Calcium hydroxide has a wide range of antimicrobial activity against common endodontic pathogens. Calcium hydroxide is also a valuable anti-endotoxin agent..

[1]. Vasudeva A1, Sinha DJ2, Tyagi SP2, Singh NN3, Garg P4, Upadhyay D5Disinfection of dentinal tubules with 2% Chlorhexidine gel, Calcium hydroxide and herbal intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis: An in-vitro study.Singapore Dent J. 2017 Dec;38:39-44.

[2]. FJ Vertucci:Root canal anatomy of the human permanent teeth.oral surgery,oral medicine,oral pathologyVolume 58, Issue 5, November 1984, Pages 589-599

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Abstract: Back ground: Women's health has always remained neglected because of the traditional reductionist approach to women's health issues. This article presents an analysis of self-reported symptoms of gynaecological problems among currently married women of reproductive age group (15 to 49 years). Method: 800 currently married women of reproductive age group were selected by systematic random sampling from 10 of the urban slums of Kakinada city of Andhra Pradesh between January to December 2012. Information was gathered from these women on their socio-demographic variables, gynaecological problems as perceived by them and their treatment seeking behaviour. Results: Gynaecological morbidity was found to be significantly influenced by women's age, educational status, age at marriage, duration of marital life and age at first child birth. 44.5% women reported at least one current gynaecological symptom. Major complaints were menstrual problems (66.3%), low backache (27.2), and abnormal vaginal discharge (15.4%). Of these, 53.7% did not seek any treatment.

Key words: reproductive age group women, gynaecological problems, treatment seeking behavior

[1]. WHO/MCH/90.4 measuring reproductive morbidity: Report of a Technical Working Group, Geneva, 30 August - 1 September 1989.
[2]. Stones R William, Matthews Zoë. Gynaecological disease in developing countries: Whose burden? Opportunities and Choices Working Paper. "Opportunities and Choices‟ Reproductive Health Research Southampton Social Statistics Research Institute University of Southampton. Page 4.
[3]. Rathore M., Vyas L., Bhardwaj A.K. An Analysis of Prevalence of RTI in A Community of Rajasthan. Health and Population-Perspectives and Issues 29(2), 2006, 59-67.
[4]. S.K. Singh, Rajiv Prasad, Ravi K.Verma, Arvind Pandey (IIPS, Mumbai): Psychosocial, cultural and service factors affecting reproductive morbidity among rural women in Maharashtra.
[5]. Gulatia S. C., Chaurasia Alok R., Singha Raghubansh M. Women's Reproductive Morbidity and Treatment-Seeking Behavior in India. Asian Population Studies, 5(1), 2009, 61-84.

Abstract: Aim:To retrospectively assess the survival outcome of Anaplastic Astrocytoma patients with patientand treatment related factors among those who underwent post-operative radiation with or without chemotherapy in our hospital. Material and methods: Medical records of Anaplastic Astrocytoma patients treated in our hospital during 2013-2017 were analyzed from our hospital records. Patient and treatment related factors were recorded and assigned according to RTOG RPA classification. Statistical analyses were performed using Kaplan Meier, Log rank test and Cox regression models. Results: The analysis of 84 Anaplastic........

Key words:Anaplastic Astrocytoma, radiation, chemo- temozolomide, survival

[1]. Freddie Bray, BSc, MSc, PhD1 ; Jacques Ferlay, ME2 ; Isabelle Soerjomataram, MD, MSc, PhD3 ; Rebecca L. Siegel, MPH4 ; Lindsey A. Torre, MSPH5 ; AhmedinJemal, PhD,Global Cancer Statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries.
[2]. Quinn T Ostrom, Ph.D, M.P.H Haley Gittleman, M.S Gabrielle Truitt, B.SAlexanderBoscia, B.S Carol Kruchko, B.A Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan, Ph.DCBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2011–2015 Neuro-Oncology, Volume 20, Issue suppl_4, October 2018
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[4]. DeAngelis LM. Anaplastic glioma: how to prognosticate outcome and choosea treatment strategy.JClinOncol.2009;27:5861–5862.
[5]. Omar A, Mason WP. Temozolomide: the evidence for its therapeutic efficacyinmalignantastrocytoma.Core Evid.2009;4:93–111.

Abstract: Introduction: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard now for symptomatic Gall stones. Any unexpected turn of events intra-operatively has significant implications which get multiplied many fold due to high number of procedures. Difficult cases can result in prolonged operative time, bleeding, bile spillage, conversion to open technique and bile duct injury resulting in unplanned prolonged hospital stay, increase in estimated cost to the patients and for the surgeon ,it leads to increased stress during operation and time pressure to complete the operative list .If degree of technical difficulty could be predicted before starting the procedure, concerned team can be better prepared and adverse.

Key words: LC,Difficulty,scoring system.

[1]. Hariharan D, Psaltis E, Scholefield JH, Lobo DN. Quality of Life and Medico-Legal [1] Implications Following Iatrogenic Bile Duct Injuries. World J Surg. 2017;41(1):90- 99. DOI: 10.1007/s00268-016-3677-9.
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[3]. Randhawa JS, Pujahari AK. Preoperative prediction of difficult lap chole: a scoring method. Indian J Surg [Internet]. 2009 Aug [cited 2014 May 5];71(4):198–201. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender. fcgi?artid=3452633&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract
[4]. Gupta N, Ranjan G, Arora MP, Goswami B, Chaudhary P,Kapur A, et al. Validation of a scoring system to predict difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Int J Surg [Internet]. Elsevier Ltd; 2013 Jan [cited 2014 May 5];11(9):1002–6.Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/23751733
[5]. Soltes M, Radoňak J. A risk score to predict the difficulty of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Wideochirurgia i inne Tech mało inwazyjne = Videosurgery other miniinvasive Tech / Kwart Pod patronatem Sekc Wideochirurgii TChP oraz Sekc Chir Bariatrycznej TChP [Internet]. 2014 Dec [cited 2015 Jan 14];9(4):608–12. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=4280432&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract.

Abstract: Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis is a potentially lethal, opportunistic fungal infection, rapid progression, unpredictable course and high mortality. Cavernous sinus thrombosis with ophthalmoplegia is presented. We present a case of a 47 year old female with left sided facial numbness, left eye proptosis and a chronic ulcer in the hard palate with black eschar in its floor within a period of 4 months. Later she developed severe headache, loss of vision left eye, drowsiness. The typical clinical features, imaging and treatment are highlighted in the report. Awareness of its occurrence, prompt diagnosis and appropriate management can reduce the mortality..

Key words: ROCM, MRI, Diabetes, CT

[1]. Pathak VK et al. Rhinoorbitocerebral Mucormycosis with Maggots in a Neglected Diabetic Patient , Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 2018 Mar; 70(1):156-158 .
[2]. Aggarwal SK. Invasive Sino-orbito-cerebral mycosis. J of clinical and experimental ophthalmology, jul sept 2015; 1(3): 149-155
[3]. Angali RK, Jeshtadi A, Namala VA, Gannepalli A. Fatal rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis in a healthy individual. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2014;18:460-3
[4]. M. Daniel, F. Maximino Atilio, N. Dalisio Santi; Rhino –orbital cerebral mucormycosis; IJORL; Vol 12, 2008.
[5]. Delgado G, Gonzalez JLT et al. Chronic rhino orbital cerebral mucormycosis : A case report and review of literature; Annals of medicine and surgery 6 (2016) 87-91..

Abstract: Background: Gallbladder disease shows a variable spectrum of pathological conditions. Gallstone disease is the most common disorder leading to continuous chronic irritation to gallbladder mucosa. A variety of non- neoplastic, dysplastic and malignant changes may develop. Aims: The present study was done to evaluate mucosal alterations in gallbladder diseases. Settings and design: Hospital based and retro-prospective study. Results: A total of 2458 resected gallbladder specimens were studied in this study. Cholelithiasis was seen in 2194 cases. Non-neoplastic, premalignant and malignant lesions were studied. Most common type of epithelial change encountered was metaplasia, followed by hyperplasia. Conclusions: Chronic chlolecystolithiasis is the main culprit for epithelial alterations in gallbladder.Timely surgical resection of symptomatic gallstone disease is the standard strategy

Key words: Carcinoma, Cholelithiasis, Dysplasia, Gallbladder, Metaplasia.

[1]. Gollan JL, Bulkley GB, Diehl AM. National Institute of Health concensus development conference statement on gallstones and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 1993;165:390-398.
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[5]. Elfving RL, Silvonen E, Tier H. Mucosal hyperplasia of the gallbladder in cases of cholecystolithiasis. Acta Chir Scand 1969;135:519-522..

Abstract: Background: Adverse drug reactions are scantily reported by healthcare professionals worldwide and in particular in developing countries. Therefore the aim of the current study was to assess the knowledge, awareness and practices of health care professionals about pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting of King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a validated questionnaire was designed to assess theawareness of ADRs, knowledge of Pharmacovigilance system and practices of Pharmacovigilance system. The questionnaire was distributed to randomly selected healthcare professionals (n= 350) such as doctors, pharmacists........

Key words: Pharmacovigilance, Adverse drug reactions (ADR), Questionnaire, awareness and practices, health care professionals

[1]. Ghosh AK. Current problems and future aspects of pharmacovigilance in India, Int J Pharm Bio Sci. 2011;2(1):15-28.
[2]. Ahmad A, Patel I, Balkrishnan R, Mohanta GP, Manna PK. An evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practice of Indian pharmacists towards adverse drug reaction reporting: A pilot study, PersClini Res. 2013;4(4):204-10.
[3]. Amy Elizabeth Jaibu, VenkateswaramurthyN ,Sambathkumar R. The Knowledge, perceptions and practice of pharmacovigilance among community pharmacists in Kumarapalayam, Tamil Nadu.Int J Adv Pharm Gen Res 2015; 3 (2): 1-11
[4]. Singh GN, Kalaiselvan V. pharmacovigilance program of India-current status, statistics, insight in to data collected and analytics, Pharma Times. 2015;47(8):15-18.
[5]. Sarvankumar G, Surrender N, BhargavB , Kiran Y, Venkateshwar Rao Pharmacovigilance: Reporting of ADRs and Role of Clinical Pharmacist. Indo Am J Pharm Res. 2016:6(02):23-25.

Abstract: Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is a rare autosomal recessive ,diffuse lung disease characterised by bilateral filling of the pulmonary alveoli by numerous calcific concentrations known as calcispherites. The pathogenesis involved in its mechanism is due to mutations in the gene encoding the solute carrier family 34 member 2 gene. Although PAM can develop in children, the majority of patients are diagnosed in adulthood due to the slow progressive nature of this disease. In children, majority of patients are........

Key words:

1. Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis
2. Calcispherites
3. Solute carrier family 34 member 2
4. Microliths

[1]. https://err.ersjournals.com/content/21/125/249
[2]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5772952/
[3]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3808952/
[4]. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/crim/2010/819242/
[5]. https://www.ijss-sn.com/uploads/2/0/1/5/20153321/ijss_apr_cr08.pdf.

Abstract: Child abuse is the major global problem and all communities are facing this in various forms and can be seen harming community in many ways. It may remain hidden as in many cases the victims of child abuse cannot reveal the event due to various reasons such as threat, isolation, inability to share experience due to fear and past experience. This can lead to serious health problems physically and mentally which are difficult to compensate in future and leaves an unresolved impact on the victim and the society too. If mother's knowledge is improved regarding child abuse, she would be able to detect the signs of child abuse and can prevent the occurrence of child abuse by educating the child about the scenario and would be helpful for the society too. To prevent the growing stage of this........

Key words: Child abuse, knowledge, mothers of school age children

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[3]. Ray A. 42% of Indian girls are sexually abused before 19: Unicef. The Times of India. 2014. Sep 18, [Last cited on 2018 December]. Available from: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/42-of-Indian-girls-are-sexually-abused-before-19-Unicef/articleshow/42306348.cms?
[4]. Sudha, R. 2011. Awareness of the mother regarding child abuse and neglect. The Nursing Journal of India May 2011; 102(5): 100-102.

[5]. Thangavelu S. Assess the Level of Knowledge Regarding Child Abuse among the Mothers in Selected Areas at Latur. Journal of Child and Adolescent Behaviour [Internet]. 2016 [cited 14 December 2018];04(01). Available from: https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/assess-the-level-of-knowledge-regarding-child-abuse-among-themothers-in-selected-areas-at-latur-2375-4494-1000271.php?aid=67358