iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2020

Abstract: Background: Cataract causes about 50% of world blindness. There is little likelihood of effective prevention becoming available in the next few years and so only treatment remains surgical. Phacoemulsification is now the standard and almost the only procedure in developed world. For various reasons, mainly socio-economical, most experts do not see phacoemulsification as the answer to the word cataract blindness. Hence the need to conduct a comparative clinical study to evaluate parameters like efficacy and visual prognosis in a cost effective procedure like SICS. Objectives: This study was undertaken to evaluate SICS as a substitute to phacoemulsification by comparing clinical parameters namely astigmatism, visual acuity and post-operative complications. Methods: A cross sectional study which included 30 cases of superior incision SICS, 30........

Key Word: Phacoemulsification; small incision cataract surgery; net astigmatism; surgically induced astigmatism; best corrected visual acuity.

[1]. Stallard's. History of cataract surgery. In : Eye Surgery. 7th edn.
[2]. Basic and clinical science course, Section 3. Am Academy Ophthalmol
[3]. Maloney WF, Grindle L. Textbook of phaco emulsification. 1988.
[4]. Tabin, Geoffrey, et al. "Cataract Surgery for the Developing World." Current Opinion in Ophthalmology, vol. 19, no. 1, 2008, pp. 55–59., doi:10.1097/icu.0b013e3282f154bd.
[5]. Rengaraj, Venkatesh, et al. "Manual Small-Incision Cataract Surgery." Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery, 2016, pp. 1–15., doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24666-6_1.

Abstract: Background: Wound dehiscenceis described as partial or complete disruption of an abdominal wound closure with or without protrusion and evisceration of abdominal contents. It is one of the most dreaded complications in the post-operative period and of greatest concern because of risk of evisceration, with mortality rates reported as high as 45%. Incidence as described in literature ranges from 0.4% to 3.5%. This study is aimed to assess the association and prevalence of risk factors involved in causing abdominal wound dehiscence and also to study effective management of abdominal wound dehiscence. Methods: All cases presenting with wound dehiscence after surgery were included. An elaborate clinical history was taken in view of significant risk factors........

Key Word: Abdominal wound dehiscence, Emergency operation, Peritonitis

[1]. Savage A, Lamont M. Wound dehiscence, incisional hernia, and parastomal hernia. Morris PJ, wood WC, edts., Oxford textbook of surgery. 2nd edn. Alison Langton; 2000:1883
[2]. Nyhus and Condons hernia. Diagnostic and imaging of abdominal wall hernia 5th edn.
[3]. Kulaylat M, MD Merrill Dayton, MD Surgical complications. Sabiston textbook of surgery 19th edition. p-283-284.
[4]. Afzal S. Bashir M.M. Determinants of wound dehiscence in abdominal surgery in public sector hospital. Annals vol 14. No.3 jul sept. 2008
[5]. Burt B, Tavakkolizadeh A, Ferzoco S.J. Incisions, closures, and management of the Abdominal wound. Maingots abdominal operation 11th edn:97-99

Abstract: Background: Ocular tumours form an important group of ophthalmic neoplasm which can impair vision. Their presentation, morphological type and management are challenging. Histopathological analysis is essential in making correct diagnosis and helps in deciding the management. Here we determined the clinical presentation and histopathologic type of ocular tumours in tertiary care hospital, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India. Aim: To study the morphological, clinico-pathological correlation and pattern of prevalence of ocular tumour. Material and method: This prospective study was conducted on 50 patients from July 2015 to December 2017. A structured performa was used to record findings, patient's bio data, clinical presentation, type of surgical intervention and histological diagnosis.........

Key word: Ocular tumours, haemangioma, retinoblastoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma.

[1]. LLC, Orbital tumors – Michael Mercandetti, Aug. 4 2011 [2]. Gordon KK & Rlph CE. Eye and ocular adnexa. In: Anderson's Pathology, Damjanov and Linder. 10 th Edition, Vol II Mosby, Elsevier,2009:2832-75. [3]. Jovanovic P, Mihajlovic M, Djordjevic-Jocic J, Vlajkovic S, Cekic S, Stefanovic V. Ocular melanoma: an overview of the current status. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2013;6(7):1230–1244. [4]. Ohtsuka K, Hashimoto M, Suzuki Y. A review of 244 orbital tumors in Japanese patients during a 21-year period: origins and locations. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2005;49(1):49–55. [5]. Marshall EC. Epidemiology of tumors affecting the visual system. Optom Clin. 1993; 3(3):1-16.

Abstract: Nanotechnology is rapidly evolving domain, has changed the very foundation of cancer diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Since everything is made up of atoms and molecular matter, nanotechnology has provided a way to rearrange and restructure matter on the atomic scale thus allowing us to reach down to the very roots of any problem. This emerging field is multidiscipline science, essential for Electronic Engineering,Drug-delivery, Optical Computer Tomography Photo-Thermal Therapy, Imaging, Sensing, Catalysis etc. Nanotechnology had improved cancer detection and diagnosis in inceptive stage. The present article gives the information on use of nanotechnology to solve the enigma in the field of oncology..

[1]. N. Taniguchi, "On the Basic Concept of 'Nano-Technology'," Proc. Intl. Conf. Prod.Eng. Tokyo, Part II, Japan Society of Precision Engineering, 1974.
[2]. El-Sayed IH. Nanotechnology in head and neck cancer: the race is on. CurrOncol Rep. 2010; 12(2):121–128.
[3]. Parappurath N, S., Kirubanandam, S., Kumar, V. and Ahmed, B. (2018). Emerging Applications of Nanoparticles and Architectural Nanostructures. [online] Google Books.
[4]. Gracco, A., Siviero, L., Dandrea, M. and Crivellin, G. (2016). Nanobiomaterials in Dentistry. [Online] Google Books
[5]. U.S Environmental Protection Agency (2007). Classification of Nanomaterials, The Four Main Types of Intentionally Produced Nanomaterials. [Online] AZoNano.com

Abstract: Background: Hoarseness is not a disease. It is a symptom of variety of conditions like acute laryngitis to severe life-threatening malignancies Objectives: The aim was to determine the clinical profile, aetiology and prevalence of hoarseness of voice and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of hoarseness of voice by indirect laryngoscopy with flexible direct laryngoscopy Methods: A total of 90 cases of hoarseness of voice were studied during the study period of two years using indirect laryngoscopy and flexible direct laryngoscopy. The age of the patients in our study ranged from 12 years to 82 years.........

[1]. Anwar K, Iqbal J, Said M, Raza M, Riaz M, Muneeb. Persistent hoarseness and the assessment of laryngeal mucosal lesions by microlaryngoscopy. Gomal J Med Sci 2012;10:137-40.
[2]. Babu VS, Shaik S. Hoarseness of voice: A retrospective study of 251 cases. Int J Adv Res 2016;6:458-62.
[3]. Kataria G, Saxena A, Singh B, Bhagat S, Singh R. Hoarseness of voice: Etiological spectrum. Online J Otolaryngol 2015;5:13-22. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20180212. Accessed July 7, 2018..

Abstract: Background: Septoplasty is a frequently performed rhinologic surgery. Anterior nasal packing been a routine procedure to prevent hematoma formation and to keep the nasal skeleton in place. However it comes at a price of extreme discomfort to the patient in immediate postoperative period and at time of its removal. There are alternatives to it in form of using internal nasal splints or taking transseptal sutures to serve the same purpose. This study was done to compare these three techniques in terms of effectiveness, postoperative discomfort and complications if any and to assess the need of routine nasal packing after septoplasty.........

Key words: Septoplasty, nasal splints, transseptal suturing

[1]. Brain D. The nasal septum. In: Scott-brown's Otolaryngology. Ken AG. 5th ed. London, Butter worth and Co. 1987; p. 159-79.
[2]. Gray LP. Deviated nasal septum: incidence and etiology. Ann otol rhinol laryngol Suppl 1978;87:3-20 [3]. Ardehali MM, Bastaninejad S. Use of nasal packs and intranasal septal splints following septoplasty. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;38(10):1022-4.
[4]. Olphen AF. The Septum. In: Gleeson M, editor. ScottthBrown's Otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery. 7 ed. London. Edward Arnold; 2008. p. 1569-70.
[5]. Beeson WH. The nasal septum. Otolarygnol din North Am 1987; 20: 743-67

Abstract: Background & Objectives: Spinal anaesthesia is a popular technique for providing anesthesia for vaginal hysterectomy. Intrathecaladjuvant is given along with local anesthesia to prolong duration of block. Intrathecal administration of dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulfate is known to enhance duration of block without causing significant side effect. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of intrathecaldexmedetomidine and magnesium sulfate on the onset and duration of spinal anaesthesia using bupivacaine. Methods: After IEC approval, a prospective, randomized, double blinded study was conducted on 120 ASA I and II adult patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomyunder spinal anaesthesia. Patients were randomly divided into three groups: Group D received 0.1 ml.......

Keywords: vaginal hysterectomy; Spinal Anesthesia; Bupivacaine; Dexmedetomidine; Magnesium sulfate.

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[2]. Altura BM. Importance of Mg in physiology and medicine and the need for ion selective electrodes. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1994; 217: 5–9
[3]. Iseri LT, French JH. Magnesium: nature's physiological calcium blocker. Am Heart J 1984; 108:
[4]. Elin RJ. Assessment of magnesium status.ClinChem 1987; 33: 1965±70
[5]. Ebel H, Gunther T. Magnesium metabolism: a review. J ClinChemClinBiochem 18: 257–270, 1980.

Abstract: Background: Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac rhythm disturbance in clinical practice. Postoperative AF is reported in up to 45% of cardiac surgeries, up to 30% of non-cardiac thoracic surgeries, and up to 8% of other major surgeries. It usually appears in the first 5 postoperative days, and is associated with longer hospital stays and increased mortality Objective: The aim of this study was to compare diltiazem and metoprolol in acute management of Atrial fibrillation (AF) with Fast ventricular rate (FVR) in Patients undergoing Non-cardiac thoracic Surgery. Methods: After IEC approval, a prospective, randomized, double blinded study was conducted on 261 ASA I and II adult patients underwent non cardiac thoracic surgery admitted in Surgical Intensive Care unit. 60 Patients developed Atrial Fibrillation with Fast ventricular rate were randomly divided into two groups of 30 patients in each group: Group D and Group M.Pateints of Group D received diltiazem and Goup M received metoprolol according to protocol........

Key Word: Non-cardiacthoracic Surgery, Diltiazem, Metoprolol, Atrial fibrillation (AF) with Fast ventricular rate (FVR)

[1]. Roger V, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones D, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2012; 125:e2–e220.
[2]. O'Connor RE, Brady W, Brooks SC, et al. Part 10: Acute coronary syndromes. 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation 2010; 122(Suppl 3):S787–S817.
[3]. Andersen JL, Adams CD, Antman EM. ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: executive summary. Circulation 2007; 116:803–877.
[4]. Jneid H, Anderson JL, Wright RS, et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA focused update of the guideline for the management of patients with unstable angina/non-STelevation myocardial infarction (updating the 2007 guideline and replacing the 2011 focused update). Circulation 2012; 212:1–36.
[5]. Trost JC, Lange RA. Treatment of acute coronary syndrome: Part 1: non STsegment acute coronary syndrome. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:2346–2353.

Abstract: Aim and Objective To share a surgeon's experience of more than 7700 laparoscopic cholecystectomy without any conversions to open surgery and how to perform safe cholecystectomy. Materials and Methods We analyzed the data ofthe 7700 patients retrospectively from a period of 2004 to 2019. All cases were operated by a single surgeon DrJeevanKankaria ,Professor, Upgraded Department of Surgery, SMS Medical College,Jaipur.....

Key words: Laparoscopic - cholecystectomy, conversion to open, Gall bladder stones, Cholelithiasis, single surgeon experience

[1]. Shea JA, Berlin JA, Bachwich DR, et al. Indications for and outcomes of cholecystectomy: a comparison of the pre and postlaparoscopic eras. Annals of Surgery. 1998;227(3):343-350.
[2]. Thomas RG. US experience with laparoscopiccholecystectomy.Am J Surg1993, 165: 450-53.
[3]. Champault G, Cazacu F, Taffinder N (1996) Serious trocar accidentsin laparoscopic surgery: a French survey of 103,852 operations.SurgLaparoscEndosc 6:367–370
[4]. Javaid A, Bashir T, Ali M (2017) Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy; Conversion Rate, Experience of a Single Surgeon over 4-year period. J Surg Surgical Res 3(2): 030-033. DOI: http://doi.org/10.17352/2455-2968.000041
[5]. Gollan J, Kalser S, Pitt H (1993) National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus development conference statement on gallstones and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 165: 390–396..

Abstract: Background: Desired conception is an important process among families in Africa, particularly when married. Many women have desired to conceive at their matrimonial homes but find it difficult to actualize their plans. This study was carried out to x-ray the determinants of delayed, desired conception among reproductive women of Port Harcourt. Materials & Method: This is a cross-sectional study involving 50 women who are within their reproductive period with age range 18-24years, 25-31years, 32-37years, 38-43years and 44-49years. A well - structured self administered questionnaire was issued to each participant.....

Keywords: Determinants, Delayed, Age, Conception

[1]. Linn, S. Schoenbaum, SC, Monson, RR, Rosner, B. Ryan, K J. Delay in conception for former 'pill' users. 1982; 247:629.
[2]. Kay, CR. The outcome of pregnancy in former oral contraceptive users. Britain Journal of ObstetricsGynaecology. 1976; 83:608. [3]. Vessey, MP, Smith, MA, Yeates, D. Return of fertility after discontinuation of oral contraceptives: influence of age and parity. Britain. Journal of Family Planning. 1989; 11, 120–124.
[4]. Fraser, IS, Weisberg, E. Fertility following discontinuation of different methods of fertility control. Contraception. 1982; 26: 389.
[5]. Shearman, RP. Amenorrhea after treatment with oral contraceptives. Lancet. 1966; 2:1110–1.