iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2020

Abstract: Leprosy is a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae and has been known since biblical times. It is still endemic in many regions of the world and as a result a major public health problem. The mechanism of transmission of leprosy consists of prolonged close contact between susceptible and genetically predisposed individuals and untreated multibacillary patients. Objective: Aim and objective of this study is to assess the occurrence , types and complications of Hansen's disease in our institute.
Materials and methods: Retrospective study was conducted from June 2017-January 2020 to assess the total number of Leprosy cases presenting to our OPD, Department of Dermatology,Venereology and Leprosy, RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand. Also the type and complications of the disease were noted.......

Key Word: leprosy, Mycobacterium leprae, Multibacillary, Hansen's disease, retrospective study, Ridley Jopling classification, paucibacillary, ulnar nerve

[1]. Lowe J. Comments on the history of Leprosy . Lepr Rev 1947;18:p. 54-63.8.
[2]. Announcement: India achieves National elimination of Leprosy. Indian J Lepr 2006;78:101.
[3]. WHO expert committee on leprosy. 2012. : eighth report. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
[4]. Ridley DS, Jopling WH. 1966. Classifcation of leprosy according to immunity. A five-group system. Int. J Lepr Mycobact Dis 34:255-273.
[5]. Croft RP, Smith WCS, Nicholls P , Richardus JH. 1998. Sensitivity and specificity of methods of classification of leprosy without use of the skin smear examination . Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 66:445-450.

Abstract: Background:Myringoplasty is commonly done under microscopy; Major disadvantage of operating microscope is that it provides a magnified image along a straight line. Now a day's Endoscope is widely used to perform various ear surgeries including Ventilation tube insertion Myringoplasty, Tympanoplasty,ossicularreconstruction ,otoscleroticsurgery, cholesteatoma removal etc.. Materials and Methods:In this prospective study 60 patient between age group 18-45 year(46 female and 14 male) underwent Transcanal Endoscopic Myringoplasty using autologous temporalis fascia graft. Result:A study included 60 ears operated with technique of Transcanal Endoscopic Myringoplasty with temporalis fascia grafting,Graft uptake rate for temporalis fascia is 86.66% Conclusion: Transcanal Endoscopic Myringoplasty is an effective and less invasive new surgical access technique in otology in which satisfactory results for graft uptake rates can be achieved even in the beginning stage.

Key Word: Endoscopic,Myringoplasty

[1]. Palva T, Virtanen H. Pitfalls in myringoplasty. Acta Otolaryngology 1982; 93:441-6.
[2]. Sheehy JL, Glasscock ME. Tympanic membrane grafting with temporalis fascia. Archives of Otolaryngology 1967 Oct;86:391-402.
[3]. Yuasa R, Suetake M, Kaneko Y, Kambayashi J. A New Simple Myringoplasty with the Use of Fibrin Glue.Cholesteatoma and Mastoid Surgery Fourth International Conference. Niigata, Japan, 1992:603-6.
[4]. Endoscope assisted myringoplastyJadav SP et al Singapore medical journal 2009;50 (5):510
[5]. Glasscock and Shambaugh. ""Tympanoplasty,‟‟ in Glasscock and Shambaugh, Surgery of the Ear.5th ed. Chapter 16. 2003: 350-70.

Abstract: Background: The timing of cord clamping significantly impacts the total blood volume of the newborn at delivery and varies from hospital to hospital. Hence, this study attempts to elucidate how cord clamping practices affect the red cell indices of term newborns, by determining the effect of timing of cord clamping on red cell indices of neonates born between 37-42 completed weeks of gestational age. Materials and Methods: An analytical cohort study on 296 term newborns at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital from 5th May to 10th November 2015. 150 had immediate cord clamping and 146 were delayed. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were measured from cord blood and venous blood........

Key Word: Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Cord clamping, Placental transfusion

[1]. Mercer JS, Erickson-Owens DA, Graves B, Haley MM. Evidence-Based Practices for the Fetal to Newborn Transition. J Midwifery Women's Heal. 2007;52(3):262–72.
[2]. Rabe H, Jewison A, Fernandez Alvarez R, Crook D, Stilton D, Bradley R, et al. Milking Compared With Delayed Cord Clamping to Increase Placental Transfusion in Preterm Neonates. Obstet Gynecol.2011;117(2):205–11.
[3]. Mercer JS, Vohr BR, Erickson-Owens D a, Padbury JF, Oh W. Seven-month developmental outcomes of very low birth weight infants enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of delayed versus immediate cord clamping. J Perinatol. 2010;30(1):11–6.
[4]. Raju T. Timing of umbilical cord clamping after birth for optimizing placental transfusion. Curr opin pediatr. 2013;25(2):180–7.
[5]. Chaparro CM. Timing of umbilical cord clamping : effect on iron endowment of the newborn and later iron status. Nutr Rev. 2011;69.

Abstract: Cataract seems to be an ageing process. The aim of this study to find out the various morphometric and histopathologcial changes present in human cataractous lenses. There are many precipitating factors such as diabetes,hypertension,exposure to sunlight etc The observational prospective interventional cross-sectional type of study was carried out in 200 extracted cataractous lenses in the Department of Ophthalmology, Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College Jhansi, during the period of 22 month duration (Feb 2018 to Nov. 2019). Detailed history, statistical data, morphometric study and histological picture of the selected cases were carried out. Of the cases observed, 49 were males and 51 were females. The age group ranged from.......

Key Word: Human cataract lens, Morphometry, Diabetes, Senility, Hypertension, Histology

[1]. Hashemi H, Fotouth A, and Mohammad K. The Tehran eye study. research design and eye examination protocol. BMC ophthalmol 2003;3:8.
[2]. Streeten BW. The nature of the ocular zonule. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1982; 80: 823-854
[3]. Hogan MJ, Alvarado JA, Weddell JE. Histology of the human eye. Philadelphia: WB Saunders. 1971
[4]. Hales, A.M., Chamberlain, C.G., Murphy, C.R. Mc Avoy, J.W. (1997) : Estrogen protects lenses against cataract induced by transforming growth factor – beta (TGF beta) Journal of Experimental Medicine. Jan 20; 185(2) : 273-80.
[5]. Kashima, K., Trus, B.L., Unser, M., Edwards, P.A., & Datiles, M.B. (1993) : Aging studies on normal lens using the Schermipflug Slit – lamp camera. Investive Ophthalmology Visual Sciences Jan : 34(1) : 262 - 99.
[6]. Kalicharan. D., Jongebloed, E.L. : & Worst, J.G. (1993) : Lens fibre degeneration at Cataract lenses. ALM, SEM and TEM investigation Doc Ophthalmology, 85(1): 77 - 85. 9.

Abstract: Hypertension and diabetes are becoming increasingly common. Hypertension occurs more commonly in diabetics than in comparable nondiabetics. Point-of-Care Ultrasonography to accurately identify retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, and vitreous detachment.(1), (2) The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the eye diseases among hypertensive patients with long term of diabetic using ocular ultrasound. A total of 184 patients attended eye department for either routine checkup or referred by physicians for ocular ultrasound (US) between 2016 and 2019, 106 males and 78 females, aged ranged between 37 and 77 years (mean age ± SD, 63.7 ± 7.7 years) with history of both diabetic mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) were enrolled.......

Key Word: eye diseases, ocular ultrasound, diabetes hypertension

[1]. Ganesh J, Viswanathan V. Management of diabetic hypertensives. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2011;15 Suppl 4(Suppl4):S374–S379. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.86982
[2]. Shadi Lahham, MD, et al Point-of-Care Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Retinal Detachment, Vitreous Hemorrhage, and Vitreous Detachment in the Emergency Department JAMA Network Open. 2019;2(4):e192162. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.2162 (Reprinted) April 12, 2019 1/9
[3]. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Nationalinstitution of diabetic and digestive and kidney disease Diabetes Diabetes Overview What is Diabetes?
[4]. World health organization, (WHO) All Topics, Health Topic, Hypertension
[5]. ZAIN IRFAN KHATIB1 & SEETHALAKSHMI D K2. ROLE OF ULTRASOUND IN EVALUATING OCULAR AND ORBITAL DISEASESTJPRC: Journal of Ophthalmic Surgery and Ocular Pharmacology (TJPRC: JOSOP) Vol. 1, Issue 1, Dec 2016, 1-14 © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd

Abstract: Le choriocarcinome gestationnel (CG) est une tumeur maligne rare, dérivée du trophoblaste de la femme en âge de procréer. Sa fréquence en Europe et en Amérique du Nord est estimée à 0,2–0,7/1000 grossesses. Il appartient au groupe des maladies trophoblastiques gestationnelles (MTG) dont le dénominateur commun est une hypersécrétion d'hormone choriogonadotrope (HCG). La terminologie générale de MTG rassemble quatre entités anatomocliniques distinctes : la môle hydatiforme (complète et partielle), la môle hydatiforme invasive, le choriocarcinome gestationnel, la tumeur du site d'implantation placentaire. Le CG peut compliquer tout état gravidique. Sa fréquence dépend du type de grossesse préalable : 50 % des choriocarcinomes apparaissent après une môle hydatiforme, 25 % après un avortement et 22 % surviennent après une grossesse normale. Il est caractérisé d'une part par sa forte potentialité métastatique et d'autre part par sa chimiosensibilité. Son diagnostic fait appel dans

[1]. Steigrad SJ. Epidemiology of gestational trophoblastic diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2003;17(6):837–47.
[2]. Ng TY, Wong LC. Diagnosis and management of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2003;17(6):893–903.
[3]. Benedet JL, et al. FIGO staging classifications and clinical practice guidelines in the management of gynecologic cancers. FIGO committee on gynecologic oncology. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2000;70(2):209–62.
[4]. Campbell SC, Flanigan RC, Clark JI. Nephrectomy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2003;4(5):363–72.
[5]. Hershman JM. Physiological and pathological aspects of the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on the thyroid. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;18(2):249–65.

Abstract: Prosthodontic rehabilitation of an edentulous patient, with severely resorbed ridges or flabby displaceable tissues over the resorbed ridges, are some of the most challenging scenarios, a prosthodontist might face. In order to have a favourable prognosis for the denture therapy, impression technique selected should be based on the present state of the basal tissue support. Recently, the dental implant therapy has become a treatment of choice for improving the denture support, retention, and stability in severely atrophied ridges, supporting either a removable or a fixed denture, depending on the interarch space available. However, the neutral zone concept is also considered to be an important alternative approach to patients complaining of unstable dentures, particularly when implant therapy is not feasible. The neutral-zone approach to complete denture construction is neither new nor.......

Key Word: Stability, Support, Neutral Zone, Resorbed Ridges, Impression Technique, Flabby Ridge.

[1]. Fahmi FM. The position of the neutral zone in relation to the alveolar ridge. J Prosthet Dent1992;67:805-09.
[2]. Watt DW, McGregor AR. Complete dentures: General considerations. In Designing complete dentures. 2nded. Bristol: WB Saunders; 1986: 1-2.)
[3]. Rahn OA, Heartwell LM. Tooth arrangement. In: Rahn OA, Heartwell LM. Textbook of complete den-tures. 5th ed. India: Elsevier
Science; 2002: 325-37.
[4]. Fish EW. An analysis of the stabilizing force in full denture construction. Br Dent J 1947; 83:137-42

Abstract: Background: Bochdalek's hernia is a rare form of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, due to a defect in closure of the thoracoabdominal foramen during embryonic development, which manifests itself in respiratory distress in the newborn, causing high mortality. In adults, it is even more rare and often asymptomatic. We report the case of a BOCHDALEK hernia, which went unnoticed until the age of 26 in a young woman, where it manifested itself as a serious complication (gastric volvulus), which subsequently required several surgeries and where the abdominal approach was preferred to thoracotomy.

Key Word: BOCHDALEK's hernia - congenital diaphragmatic hernia - respiratory distress- kidney in the thorax.

[1]. Gedik E, Tuncer MC, Onat S, Avci A, Tacyildiz I, Bac B. Une revue des hernies de Morgagni et Bochdalek chez l'adulte. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2011; 70: 5-12.
[2]. Jason M. Woodbury , MD, Katarina Bojanić MD, , Ruža Grizelj , MD, PhD, Alexandre N. Cavalcante , MD, Vinay K. Donempudi , MD, Toby N. Weingarten , MD, Darrell R. Schroeder , MS, et Juraj Sprung , MD, PhD J Matern Foetal Neonatal Med. 2019 Mar; 32 (5): 742–748. doi: 10.1080 / 14767058.2017.1390739
[3]. Kumar A, Maheshwari V, Ramakrishnan TS, et al. Caecal perforation with faecal peritonitis unusual presentation of Bochdalek hérnia in an adult: a case report and review of literature. World J Emerg Surg 2009; 4:16.
[4]. Gedik E, Tuncer MC, Avci A, et al. A review of Morgagni and Bochdalek hérnias in adults. Folia Morphologica 2011; 70:1.
[5]. Detti L, Mari G, Ferguson JE: échographie Doppler couleur de l'artère mésentérique échographique prénatal d'une hernie supérieure pour le diagnostic diaphragmatique congénitale congénitale gauche. J Ultrasound Med. 2001, 20: 689-692

Abstract: Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that originates from prostate cells. In general, the prostate tumor usually grows slowly and remains confined to the gland for many years.According to World Health Organization (WHO), prostate cancer is after lung cancer, the most common malignancy in men in the world and the third leading cause of death when it comes to malignancies (lung and colon cancer). For the purposes of this paper was used data from the Institute for Public Health of Republic of North Macedonia in the period of 2016 to 2018 and data from the Center for Public Health – Shtip-at the level of the Eastern region in the period of 3 years. The results show that the most of the cases registered are 65-74 years old or 54%,and the lowest number are registered at the age of 45-54 or only 2%.26% of the.......

Key Word: cancer, prostate, statistic, Macedonia, urology

[1]. Damber JE, Aus G. Prostate cancer. Lancet 2008 May 17; 371(9625):1710-21. PubMed
[2]. Walsh PC, DeWeese TL, Eisenberger MA. Clinical practice. Localized prostate cancer. N Engl JMed 2007 Dec 27; 357(26):2696-705.
[3]. Chou R, Croswell JM, Dana T et al. Screening for Prostate Cancer: A Review of the Evidence or the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2011
[4]. van den Bergh RC, Vasarainen H, van der Poel HG et al. Short-term outcomes of the prospective multicentre 'Prostate Cancer Research International: Active Surveillance' study. BJU Int 2010; 105(7):956-62. PubMed
[5]. Andriole GL, Bostwick DG, Brawley OW, Gomella LG, Marberger M, Montorsi F, Pettaway CA, Tammela TL, Teloken C, Tindall DJ, Somerville MC, Wilson TH, Fowler IL, Rittmaster RS, REDUCE Study Group. Effect of dutasteride on the risk of prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 2010 Apr 1; 362(13):1192-202. PubMed

Abstract: Composite resins are the most commonly used direct restorative materials for restoration of dental cavities, tooth wear and congenital defects of teeth due to their excellent esthetic properties(1). Technological improvements in composite resins have taken place in response to the growing demands of the patients for esthetics and also the consequent demands of clinicians for materials with similar optical characteristics to those of the natural teeth(2). In spite of the various improvements of resin composite materials, polymerization shrinkage remains a major contributor to the clinical drawbacks associated with these materials.(3) Polymerization shrinkage creates contraction

[1]. Kwon Y, Ferracane J, Lee IB. Effect of layering methods, composite type, and flowable liner on the polymerization shrinkage stress of light cured composites. Dent Mater. 2012;28(7):801-9.
[2]. Nahsan FP, Mondelli RF, Franco EB, Naufel FS, Ueda JK, Schmitt VL, et al. Clinical strategies for esthetic excellence in anterior tooth restorations: understanding color and composite resin selection. J Appl Oral Sci. 2012;20(2):151-6.
[3]. Peutzfeldt A. Resin composites in dentistry: the monomer systems. Eur J Oral Sci. 1997;105(2):97-116.
[4]. Kleverlaan CJ, Feilzer AJ. Polymerization shrinkage and contraction stress of dental resin composites. Dent Mater. 2005;21(12):1150-7.
[5]. de Gee AF, Feilzer AJ, Davidson CL. True linear polymerization shrinkage of unfilled resins and composites determined with a linometer. Dent Mater. 1993;9(1):11-4.

Abstract: Background: Topical corticosteroids , one of the widely used formulation in field of Dermatology is associated with an emerging problem of its own . Over the counter availability and its unlabelled presence in cosmetics has lead to widespread misuse . This study was aimed at studying the pattern of topical steroid misuse and the reason behind it. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study done in outpatient department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy over a period of 6 months from July 2019- Dec 2019 .Results: During the study period 109 patients were found to be misusing steroids . Out of these majority (81.7%) were females .The age.......

Key Word: Topical corticosteroid , misuse , skin lightening , fairness , acne , Over the counter

[1]. Sulzberger MB, Witten VH. The effect of topically applied compound F in selected dermatoses. J Invest Dermatol 1952; 19:101-2.
[2]. Verma SB. Sales, status, prescriptions and regulatory problems with topical steroids in India. Indian J DermatolVenereolLeprol. 2014;80:201-03.
[3]. Rathi SK, D'Souza P. Rational and ethical use of topical corticosteroids based on safety and efficacy. Indian J Dermatol. 2012;57(4):251.
[4]. Rathi S. Abuse of topical steroid as cosmetic cream: A social background of steroid dermatitis. Indian J Dermatol. 2006;51:154-55.
[5]. Wolverton SE. Topical Corticosteroids. Comprehensive Dermatologic Drug Therapy. 2nd ed. Philadelphia USA: Sanders Elsevier, 2007. P.595-624