iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2020

Abstract: Background- Cervical Lymphadenopathy is one of the most common presentation in various infectious and neoplastic disorder.Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology is simple ,quick, cost effective and minimally invasive technique widely used for early diagnosis of etiology of lymphadenopathy.I n this restrospective study we describe the cytomorphological patterns of FNAC of lymph node and its use in estabilising early diagnosis. Aim- This study was conducted to assess the utility of FNAC in study of lymph node lesion in Government Medical College & Hospital from Jan 2018 to Dec 2019. Materials and Method- This study was carried out in the department of pathology of Government Medical College and Hospital , Jamshedpur on 84 clinically diagnosed cases with clinical presentation of cervical lymphadenopathy ,over a period of 2 years from Jan 2018- Dec 2019. Study design- Cross sectional study with retrospective......

Key words: FNAC is minimally invasive ,simple ,safe, reliable ,less painful ,cost effective procedure for early diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy

[1]. Allhiser JN, Mcknight TA, Shank JC, Lymphadenopathy in family practice. J.Fam Pract.1981;12(1):27-32.
[2]. Ghartimagar D, Ghosh A Ranabhat S, Shrestha MK, Narasimhan R, Talwar OP. Utility of Fine Needle Aspiration in metastatic lymph nodes.Journal of Pathology of Nepal.2011;1(2):92-95.
[3]. Saleh H, Masood S. Value of Ancillary studies in fine needle aspiration biopsy. Diagn Cytopathol 1995;13(4)310-5
[4]. Tariq Ahmad.Mohammad Naeem, Siddique Ahmed, Ambreen Samad. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) And Neck Swellings in The Surgical Outpatient , J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2008;20(3):30-32.
[5]. Bhavani C,M Neeraja ,KPV Varalakshmi , PV Ramana Babu, Chaitanya B, Saravani P.Role of FNAC in the Diagnosis of Cervical Lymphadenopathy.Int J Med Res Rev 2014;2(6).599-603.
[6]. Khuba Renuka V. A Clinicopathological study of cervical Lymphadenopathy In Hyderabad Karnataka Region.RGUHS Digital Repository / dissertation /faculty of medicine / ENT.2012.

Abstract: Intracranial tuberculomas are a rare but well-recognized complication of Tuberculosis. It is associated with high disease burden and mortality. The diagnosis of intracranial Tuberculoma remains a challenge in low-income countries and requires a high index of suspicion. We report a case of rare intracranial Tuberculoma in a young Nigerian woman. She presented with focal seizure, crawling sensation and rotatory movement of the left hand. She also had a history of cough and weight loss over three months. The main finding on clinical examination were features of cerebellar dysfunction on the left side. She had a brain CT scan, which showed multiple ring-enhancing hyperdense mass lesion in Right parietal lobe 8.6x6.6mm. The lesion had extensive peri-lesionaloedema......

[1]. Cherian A, Thomas SV. Central nervous system tuberculosis. African health sciences. 2011;11(1).
[2]. Changal KH, Raina AH. Central nervous system manifestations of tuberculosis: a review article. J Mycobac Dis. 2014;4(02):146-150.
[3]. Rock RB, Olin M, Baker CA, Molitor TW, Peterson PK. Central nervous system tuberculosis: pathogenesis and clinical aspects. Clinical microbiology reviews. 2008;21(2):243-261.
[4]. Namani S, Dreshaj S, Berisha AZ. Tuberculous meningoencephalitis associated with brain tuberculomas during pregnancy: a case report. Journal of medical case reports. 2017;11(1):175.
[5]. Cortese I, Nath A. Case 11: a young woman with ring-enhancing brain lesions. Medscape General Medicine. 2006;8(1):3..

Abstract: Background: Pseudoexfoliation is a systemic condition there is a deposition of extracellular grey and white material over the various tissues of eye. Clinical observations suggest that eyes with pseudoexfoliation even with glaucoma, have tendency to develop corneal endothelial decompensation. Climatic droplet keratopathy, a common corneal degeneration and is usually bilateral and interpalpebral. Clinically one can observe amber-coloured oily spherule deposits at and around bowmen's membrane of cornea. The above factors in turn, result in a gross decresed quality of life of individual. Aim:To compare the epidemiology and visual outcomes of pseudoexfoliation cases with climatic droplet keratopathy in immature senile cataract.....

Key words: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome, Climatic droplet keratopathy, immature senile cataract, Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, Spheroidal degeneration

[1]. Ritch R, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U. Exfoliation syndrome. Survey of ophthalmology. 2001 Jan 1;45(4):265-315.
[2]. Sarowa S, Manoher J, Jain K, Singhal Y, Devathia D. Qualitative and quantitative changes of corneal endothelial cells and central corneal thickness in pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. Int J Med Sci Public Heal. 2016;5(12):1.
[3]. Naumann GO, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Küchle M. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome for the comprehensive ophthalmologist: intraocular and systemic manifestations. Ophthalmology. 1998 Jun 1;105(6):951-68.
[4]. Viswamithra P, Murthy SR. Spheroidal degeneration–An epidemiological study. J Dent Med Sci. 2014;8:48-53.

Abstract: Purpose:To evaluate and analyse the surgical technique and post-operative surgical outcome,surgical time, recurrence and complication in a clinical and histopathological study of superior versus inferior conjunctival autograft using fibrin glue in the management of primary Pterygium. Methods: This was Prospective Interventional Study conducted in patients visiting the outdoor unit of Department of Ophthalmology, Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College Jhansi, during the period of 18 months from april 2018 to september 2019. This study included patients with age above 18 years, with primary nasal pterygium,excluding recurrence and double Pterygium. Results: In this study In Group A there were 29 males (58%) and 21 females (42%). The mean age of patients......

Key words: Conjunctival autograft, fibrin glue, Recurrence.

[1]. Chen Q, Li Y, Xu F, Yan Y, Lu K, et al. (2015) Comparison of Inferior and Superior ConjunctivalAutograft for Primary Pterygium. Curr Eye Res 40: 786-791.
[2]. Jaros PA, DeLuise VP (1988) Pingueculae and pterygia. SurvOphthalmol 33: 41-49.
[3]. Priyanka Singh, Lopa Sarkar, HS Sethi, VS Gupta.A randomized controlled prospective study to assess the role of subconjunctival bevacizumab in primary pterygium surgery in Indian patients.Year : 2015 | Volume : 63 | Issue : 10 | Page : 779-784.
[4]. Allan BDS, Short P, Crawford GJ, et al. Pinguecula and pterygia. Surv Ophthalmol. 1988;33:41–49.
[5]. Amano S, Motoyama Y, Oshika T, et al. Comparative study of intraoperative mitomycin C and beta irradiation in pterygium surgery. Br J Ophthalmol. 2000;84:618–621.

Abstract: Melasma is a common acquired and circumscribed hypermelanosis of sun-exposed skin. The most common affected areas are cheeks, upper lips, chin and forehead, but other sun‐exposed areas may be involved.(1) More common in darker and light brown skin types and predominantly affects women. Women are predominantly affected; however, men are sometimes affected representing approximately 10% of the cases.(2) Various factors have role in the etiology of melasma such as genetic predisposition, hormonal influences, pregnancy, oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), UV radiation, thyroid disease, and drugs such as phenytoin.(3).......

[1]. Bandyopadhyay D. Topical treatment of melasma. Indian J Dermatol.
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[3]. Katsambas A, Lotti TM. European handbook of dermatological treatments, 2nd edn. Berlin: Springer; 2003.
[4]. Moin A, Jabery Z, Fallah N. Prevalence and awareness of melasma during pregnancy. Int J Dermatol. 2006;45:285‐288.
[5]. Telang PS. Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2013;4:143‐146.
[6]. Inui S, Itami S. Perifollicular pigmentation is the first target for topical vitamin C derivative ascorbyl 2‐phosphate 6‐palmitate (APPS): randomized, singleblinded, placebo‐controlled study. J Dermatol. 2007;34:221‐223.

Abstract: Osteopetrosis (marble bones, Albers-Schönberg disease, osteosclerosis fragilis generalisata) is a disease of abnormal bone development characterized by an increased thickness and density of cortical and spongy bone. If the base of the skull is involved in osteopetrosis, optic-nerve atrophy may be present as a result of narrowing of the optic foramina. Visual impairment from optic-nerve atrophy may be one of the presenting symptoms. (1) We report a 5-year-old male patient, diagnosed as malignant infantile osteopetrosis while investigating the cause of hepato-splenomegaly associated with severe anemia. Fundus examination revealed atrophy of the optic nerve with visible central retinal atrophy in both eyes. Our finding is similar to characteristics previously reported in the literature about patients with osteopetrosis. Optic canal decompression may be beneficial in some patients but not in others with chorioretinal degeneration.

Key words: osteopetrosis, bone disease, optic-nerve atrophy, central retinal atrophy

[1]. Albers-Schönberg, H: Röntgenbilder einer seltenen Knochenerkrankung. Münch. med. Wehr, 51: 365, 1904
[2]. Karshner, R. G.: Osteopetrosis. Am. J. Roent. & Rad. Ther., 16:405, 1926
[3]. Caffey, J. P.: Pédiatrie X-ray diagnosis. Chicago, Year Book Publications, Inc., 1956.
[4]. Montgomery, R. D., and Standard, K. L.: Albers-Sch.nberg disease: A changing concept. T. Bone & Joint Surg., 42-B : 303, 1960
[5]. Usta M, Gulec SG, Karaman S, Erdem E, Emral H, Urganci N. A case report of malignant infantile osteopetrosis. Iran J Pediatr 2012;22:421-4)

Abstract: Aim:The aim is to predict the need of laparoscopic total protocolectomy with ileoanal anastomosis in patient of ulcerative colitis with help of clinical parameters like weight gain, frequency of stool,frequency of blood in stool and hemoglobin percentage. Material and Methods: Patients presenting with histopathologically proven ulcerative colitis were including in the study (jan 19 to june 19).Surgery consisted of laparoscopic total proctocolectomy with ileoanal anastomosis with a diverting split end ileostomy which was closed after 4 to 6 weeks.All parameters measured before laparoscopic procedure and after 1 month of ileostomy closure. Results:......

Key words: ileoanal anastomosis, laparoscopic total proctocolectomy, end ileostomy,ulcerative colitis

[1]. Sood A, Midha V, Sood N, Bhatia AS, Avasthi G. Incidence and prevalence of ulcerative colitis in Punjab, North India. Gut [Internet]. 2003 Nov 1;52(11):1587 LP – 1590. Available from: http://gut.bmj.com/content/52/11/1587.abstract
[2]. HILMI I, SINGH R, GANESANANTHAN S, YATIM I, RADZI M, CHUA ABS, et al. Demography and clinical course of ulcerative colitis in a multiracial Asian population: A nationwide study from Malaysia. J Dig Dis [Internet]. 2009 Feb 1;10(1):15–20. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-2980.2008.00357.x
[3]. Bordeianou L, Maguire L. State-of-the-Art Surgical Approaches to the Treatment of Medically Refractory Ulcerative Colitis. J Gastrointest Surg [Internet]. 2013;17(11):2013–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-013-2312-4
[4]. Fazio VW, Ziv Y, Church JM, Oakley JR, Lavery IC, Milsom JW, et al. Ileal pouch-anal anastomoses complications and function in 1005 patients. Ann Surg [Internet]. 1995 Aug;222(2):120–7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7639579
[5]. Scoglio D, Ahmed Ali U, Fichera A. Surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis: ileorectal vs ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. World J Gastroenterol [Internet]. 2014 Oct 7;20(37):13211–8. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25309058

Abstract: Novel corona virus 2019 ( COVID 19 ) become emerging public health emergency condition and it has created a panic condition in many countries. It becomes more important in the quarantine period of the epidemic outbreak to updating our knowledge for the purpose of epidemic protection. Dentists have been closed during the epidemic, a large number of emergency patients still go to the dental clinics and hospitals for treatment. Medical students and dentists are mandatory to update their knowledge about any epidemic infection to be aware about the precaution and the managements. We have summarized the possible transmission routes of 2019-nCov in dentistry. The purpose of this document is to provide clear and actionable guidance for safe operations for the dentists to be able to facing the COVID 19 with updating knowledge and information..

Key words: Coronavirus - COVID 19 – Virus infection – aerosol infection-Dentists

[1]. Wang, C., Horby, P. W., Hayden, F. G. & Gao, G. F. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet 395, 470–473 (2020).
[2]. Zhou, P. et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature 579,270-273(2020) .
[3]. Wrapp, D. et al. Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation. Science 13 mars Vol. 367, Issue 6483, pp. 1260-1263.
[4]. Wan, Y., Shang, J., Graham, R., Baric, R. S. & Li, F. Receptor recognition by novel coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS. Journal of Virology Mar 2020, 94 (7) e00127-20; DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00127-20.
[5]. Zhao, Y. et al. Single-cell RNA expression profiling of ACE2, the putative receptor of Wuhan 2019 - nCov. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.26.919985 .

Abstract: Le port de lentilles de contact représente l'une des causes les plus fréquentes des abcès cornéens,le pseudomonasaeruginosa est l'un des germes les plus redoutablespouvant être responsable d'un retentissement fonctionnelle sévère. Le but de notre étude est d'établir la prise en charge optimale et l'évolution après traitement.

enopathy In Hyderabad Karnataka Region.RGUHS Digital Repository / dissertation /faculty of medicine / ENT.2012. ...

Abstract: Background:Chronic renal failure is the progressive loss of function of kidney and patient requires a long treatment in the form of renal replacement therapy. Haemodialysis is one of the renal replacement therapies, during which the body's waste products, including creatinine, urea and excess water, are removed. The purpose of the study is to elucidate the effect of haemodialysis on the removal of excess body waste and haemoglobin concentration of patients. Materials and Methods: Seventy-four ESRD patients who are undergoing haemodialysis were randomly analyzed. 5mls of venous blood was collected from each patient pre- and post-dialysis to estimate the level of urea, creatinine and haemoglobin. Results: Before haemodialysis, 71% of patients had serum urea level above 15 mmol/L but after the session of haemodialysis, 81% of patients had......

Key words: Chronic renal failure, Haemodialysis, Creatinine, Urea, End-stage renal disease

[1]. Levey A S, Atkins R, Coresh J, Cohen E P, Collins A J and Eckardt K U. Chronic kidney disease as a global public health problem: Approaches and initiatives -a position statement from Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes. 2007. Kidney International; 72: 247-259
[2]. Mascha V, Rashmi K, Priyadarshi SS, et al. Comparing age wise reference intervals for serum creatinine concentration in a "reality check" of the recommended cut-off. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2006; 21: 90-94.
[3]. Eduardo OC, Kaue A, Idania AA, et al. Influence of hemodialysis on the plasma concentration of adenosine deaminase in patients with chronic kidney disease. J Bras Patol Med Lab. 2015; 51:153-157.
[4]. RusulArif AA, Haider S. A study of some biochemical changes in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. Int J CurrMicrobiol App Sci. 2014; 3: 581-586.
[5]. Noor ul A, Raja Tahir M, JavaidAsad M, et al. Evaluating urea and creatinine levels in chronic renal failure pre and post dialysis: A prospective study. J Cardiovasc Disease. 2014:2:1-5..

Abstract: Background: Caffeine has been demonstrated to be associated with increased blood pressure, decreased heart rate, and reduced cerebral blood flow. The caffeine has shown to be related to changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), retinal and choroidal thickness, and pupil size. Ocular wavefront aberrations (OWA) have reported having an impact on the retinal image quality of the human eye.1 Purpose: Assess the influence of coffee drinking on Ocular Wavefront Aberration (OWA) measurements & pupil size. Materials and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included an entire of fifty young, healthy, and non-regular coffee drinker female students from King Saud University recruited for the study. None of the participants have any history of drug or ocular and systemic disease, previous ocular surgery, or trauma. Informed consent obtained from all participants before including them in the study. Each participant accomplished the baseline ophthalmic examinations, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) assessment, refractive measurements, and then asked for OWA.....

Key Word: Pupil size, caffeine intake, high order aberration, total spherical aberration, total coma & optical aberration measurements

[1]. Bardak, H., Gunay, M., Mumcu, U., &Bardak, Y. (2016). Effect of Single Administration of Coffee on Pupil Size and Ocular Wavefront Aberration Measurements in Healthy Subjects. Biomed Research International, 2016, 1-5. doi: 10.1155/2016/9578308
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[4]. Thurman, S. (2009). Impact of aberrations on image quality. SPIE Newsroom. doi: 10.1117/2.1200901.1463
[5]. Liang, J., & Williams, D. (1997). Aberrations and retinal image quality of the normal human eye. Journal Of The Optical Society Of America A, 14(11), 2873. doi: 10.1364/josaa.14.002873