iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-7 ~ JuLy 2020

Abstract: CKD is a multifactorial diseases having physical, psychological, social and economic implications. Data from a study in 2017 shows that the Global prevalence of CKD was 9.1% (697.5 million cases). Around one third of CKD cases were found in China (132.3 million) or India (115.1 million). There are two treatment modalities for CKD: Dialysis and Renal transplant. Haemodialysis imposes many physical and psycho social stressors which is a big challenge for patient as well as caregiver. Care is not only required for dialysis patients but also to the family and caregivers as patients QOL is dependent on caregivers QOL. Dialysis is an expensive treatment modality and it becomes an area of concern for those who cannot afford these expenses and thus tend to quit the treatment because of financial restraints. Dialysis as a procedure is stressful for the patient because of inadequate education and preparation with reference to Endstage Renal Disease (ESRD). It can lead to depression, anxiety, delirium, suicidal behaviors, etc. hence, they have to be mentally prepared for the forthcoming event, hence mental health professionals are needed for counseling and psychotherapy. Multidisciplinary approach is necessary for effective management of such patients for improved outcomes and better quality of life.

[1]. Levey AS, Eckardt KU, Tsukamoto Y, et al. Definition and classification of chronic kidney disease: a position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)Kidney Int.2005;67:2089–2100.
[2]. https://www.kidney.org/professionals/explore-your-knowledge/how-to-classify-ckd
[3]. GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration. Global, regional and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.Lancet 39
[4]. Carney, E.F. The impact of chronic kidney disease on global health.Nat Rev Nephrol16, 251 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-020-0268-7
[5]. Varughese S, John GT, Alexander S, Deborah MN, Nithya N, Ahamed I, Tamilarasi V, Jacob CK:Pretertiary hospital care of patients with chronic kidney disease in India.Indian J Med Res126: 28–33, 2007
[6]. 6Varughese S, Abraham G. Chronic Kidney Disease in India: A Clarion Call for Change.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018;13(5):802-804. doi:10.2215/CJN.09180817

Abstract: Background:Inflammation process initiates tooth movement in orthodontic treatment and causes pain in some cases. Some patients experience stress and anxiety during orthodontic treatment. This condition leadsbody to secrete several hormones. One of them is cortisol. The aim of this study is to observe the effect of stress caused by orthodontic forcebased on the level of cortisol hormone in Wistar rats within several days. Materials and Methods:A total of 28 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 had no orthodontic intervention (n= 7), group 2 to group 4 were givenorthodontic force by fixing separator in maxilla incisor, corresponding to the period of the experiment, i.e. 1, 3 and 7 days. At the end of each experimental period, Wistar rats wereeuthanasized and blood plasma was collected...................

Key Words: Stress; Orthodonticforce; Cortisol.

[1]. Alawiyah T. KomplikasidanResiko yang BerhubungandenganPerawatanOrtodonti. JurnalIlmiahWidya 2017; 4(1): 256-261.
[2]. Lastianny SP. DampakPemakaianAlatOrtodontikterhadapKesehatanJaringan Periodontal. Maj Ked Gi 2012; 19(2): 181-184.
[3]. Singh G. Textbook of Orthodontics. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2015: 454-470.
[4]. Hikmah N. ProfilOsteoblasdanOsteoklasTulang Alveolar pada Model Tikus Diabetes TahapAwaldenganAplikasi Gaya Ortodonti yang Berbeda. El-Hayah 2015; 5(2): 97-102.
[5]. Krishnan V. Davidovitch Z. Cellular, Molecular, and Tissue Level Reactions to Orthodontic Force. American J of Orthod and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2006; 129(4).

Abstract: Due to technological advancements in the field of dentistry and the various number of new classes ofrestorative materialsthere is a need to analyze these materials for their optical, thermal, electric, and mechanical properties. Furthermore, the biocompatibility, and material compatibility of each material should be investigated as to the effects that these materials have on each other and on opposing natural dentition in the oral cavity during normal function and parafunction. Dental materials should be selected to minimize stresses and should be designed to distribute forces as much as possible while maintaining biocompatibility and aesthetics.

[1]. Bolfa T., Neamtu T.-Cercetari privind capacitatea de deformare plastica in corelare cu parametrii macrostructurali- Contract de cercetare nr.89/85.
[2]. Robert G Craig- Restorative dental materials, 1996.
[3]. Dimitriu St.- Mecanica ruperii, Brasov, 2002.
[4]. Bolfa T.- Rezistenta materialelor, Ed. Lux Libris, Brasov, 2000..

Abstract: Background: Varicose veins and their associated symptoms and complications constitute the most common chronic vascular disorder of the lower limb. The term varicose is derived from the Latin word meaning "dilated". Varicose veins is defined as dilated, tortuous and elongated veins in the lower limbs. Varicose veins are a common medical condition present in at least 10% of the general population1. Objective: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the demography, aetiology, distribution, pathophysiology and clinical features , the various modes of investigations and management of varicose veins in the lower limbs effectively ..............

Key Words: Duplex ultrasound, Saphenofemoral, Varicose vein

[1]. Everett .Y.Lam, Mary E Giswold and Gregory L Moneta. "Venous and lymphatic disease" Schwartz's principles of surgery. Chapter 23, 8th edition, 2005;808-833
[2]. Salaman RA, Salaman JH, Singh S. Improving the preoperative assessment of varicose veins. Br J Surg. 1997 Dec;84(12):1748.
[3]. Chang CJ, Chua JJ. Endovenous laser photocoagulation (EVLP) for varicose veins. Lasers Surg Med. 2002;31(4):257–62.
[4]. Selçuk Kapısız N, UzunKulaoğlu T, Fen T, Kapısız HF. Potential risk factors for varicose veins with superficial venous reflux. International journal of vascular medicine. 2014 Sep 11;2014.
[5]. Lee AJ, Evans CJ, Allan PL, Ruckley CV, Fowkes FG. Lifestyle factors and the risk of varicose veins: Edinburgh Vein Study. Journal of clinicalepidemiology. 2003 Feb 28;56(2):171-9.

Abstract: Objective-This study was done to evaluate the role of serum uric acid as a risk factor and prognostically important inflammatory marker in stroke patients. Materials and method-Medical, demographic and clinical data of 100 stroke patients were recorded. Diagnosis of ischemic stroke was confirmed by CT or MRI brain. NIH stroke severity score(NIHSS),Glasgow coma scale(GCS) was calculated by clinical examination and admission serum uric acid(SUA) was measured. The patient's outcome was recorded as death in hospital or discharge. Results-Prevalence of hyperuricemia in acute stroke patients was 49% in our study.The mean uric acid in dead patients was 7.540.95mg/dl and that of discharged patients was 6.520.69mg/dl(p<0.05).MeanSUA in acute stroke patients who had severe GCS score (7.47±0.87mg/dl) was higher than that those who had mild/moderate GCS score (6.83±0.68mg/dl) and the difference..........

Key Words: Uric acid, Stroke, NIHSS,GCS

[1]. J.Larry Jameson et al,2016;Harrision's Principles of Internal Medicine,20:3079,2998 [2]. El Ridi R, Tallima H: Physiological functions and pathogenic potential of uric acid: a review. J Adv Res. 2017, 8:487-493.
[3]. Chamorro A, Obach V, Cervera A. Prognostic significance of uric acid serum concentration in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2002;33(4):1048-52.
[4]. Brouns R, Wauters A, Van D, Vijver G. Decrease in uric acid in acute ischemic stroke correlates with stroke severity, evolution and outcome. ClinChem Lab Med. 2010;48(3):383-90.
[5]. Logallo N, Naess H, Idicula TT. Serum uric acid: neuroprotection in thrombolysis. The Bergen NORSTROKE study. BMC Neurol. 2011;11:114.

Abstract: Libya has an estimated population of 6,871,292 million which is relatively small compared to its very large surface area with a density of four people per one Km2. Libya is one of the latest countries to be infected by a coronavirus (COVID-19). The first case of coronavirus was reported on March 24th, 2020, since then 24 cases were recorded with only mild symptoms, eight cured and one died. The delay of the infection possibly attributed to several explanations. Most of the people live in single-family homes, 68.32% of the population ranged between 15-54 years of age and only 5% of the Libyans are aged over 65 years according to Bureau of Statistics and Census Libya . Unlike Libya, Italy ranked one............

Key Words: Libya; COVID-19, Corona Virus, AIDS, Other related infectious diseases

[1]. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet [Internet]. 2020;395(10224):565–74. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8
[2]. Riou J, Althaus CL. Pattern of early human-to-human transmission of Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), December 2019 to January 2020. Euro Surveill. 2020;25(4):1–5.
[3]. Chang L, Yan Y, Wang L. Coronavirus Disease 2019: Coronaviruses and Blood Safety. Transfus Med Rev [Internet]. 2020; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmrv.2020.02.003
[4]. Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents [Internet]. 2020;55(3):105924. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924
[5]. Ashour HM, Elkhatib WF, Rahman MM, Elshabrawy HA. Insights into the recent 2019 novel coronavirus (Sars-coV-2) in light of past human coronavirus outbreaks. Pathogens. 2020;9(3):1–15.

Abstract: Periodontal disease is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. Bacterial plaque has been implicated as the major etiological agent in the initiation and progression of inflammatory periodontal disease. The hallmarks of periodontal disease are destruction of soft connective tissues, bone loss, and loss of connective tissue attachment to cementum; these alterations, if left untreated, lead to tooth loss.1 Periodontal therapy has almost always focused on the arrest of the disease progress and maintenance of the remaining periodontal support. Treatment to restore periodontal health and achieve re - institution of attachment apparatus has varied based on the aetiology and encompasses procedures such as root planing, soft tissue curettage and various types of flap procedures, often in combination with the placement of bone grafts or bone substitutes into the defects

[1]. Hai Zhang, Hanson K Fong, William V Giannobile, Martha J Somerman. Tissue Engineering. 3rd edition .1095-1104
[2]. Gupta S, Gupta R. Guided bone regeneration with Pericardium membranes. (IOSR-JDMS) 2014;13(1): 61-65
[3]. Rakhmatia YD, Ayukawa Y, Furuhashi A, Koyano K. Current barrier membranes: titanium mesh and other membranes for guided bone regeneration in dental applications. J Prosthodontic Res 2013;57(1):3-14.
[4]. Kellomäki M, Niiranen H, Puumanen K, Ashammakhi N, Waris T, Törmälä P. Bioabsorbable scaffolds for guided bone regeneration and generation. Biomaterials 2000;21(24):2495-2505.
[5]. Buser D, Dahlin C, Schenk R. Guided bone regeneration. Chicago: Quintessence.

Abstract: Classification of the disease helps to the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of particular disease. The first classification scheme to be accepted by the AAP was that of Orban in 1942. Since then, a number of different systems have been proposed. The newer classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions developed through combined effort by AAP and EFP aims to identify well defined clinical entities using clear criteria that are able to link diagnosis with prevention and treatment, thus moving towards precision and individualized dentistry. It also lays the framework for future research work in dentistry. This review summarize the key changes, benefits and limitations of the newer classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions 2017........

Key Words: Classification, Periodontal health, Periodontal Diseases, Peri-implant health, Peri-Implant Diseases

[1]. Pavan Kumar A. "Short Review on New Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases". EC Dental Science 18.8 (2019): 1953-1959.
[2]. Milward MR, Chapple IL. Classification of Periodontal Diseases: Where were we? Where are we now? Where are we going?. Dental update. 2003;30(1):37-44.
[3]. Caton JG, Armitage G, Berglundh T, Chapple IL, Jepsen S, Kornman KS, Mealey BL, Papapanou PN, Sanz M, Tonetti MS. A new classification scheme for periodontal and peri‐implant diseases and conditions–Introduction and key changes from the 1999 classification. J Periodontol. 2018;89:S1-8.
[4]. Lang NP, Bartold PM. Periodontal health. J Periodontol. 2018;89(Suppl 1): S9–S16.
[5]. Murakami S, Mealey BL, Mariotti A, Chapple ILC. Dental plaque induced gingival conditions. J Periodontol. 2018;89(Suppl 1):S17– S27.

Abstract: Meckel's diverticulum is a common congenital abnormality of gastrointestinal tract, resulting from an incomplete obliteration of the vitelline duct during the 5thweek of the gestation. It may generally remain silent and asymptomatic but life threatening complications like perforation and intestinal obstruction can occur sometimes, making it important to know its detailed anatomy and pathophysiology. We present a case of 41 years old male patient with complaints of severe generalised pain abdomen for 1 day with history of enteric fever 2 weeks prior to the onset of pain abdomen. X-Ray abdomen erect shows the presence of free gas under the right dome of diaphragm suggestive.........

Key Words: Meckel's diverticulum, Tuberculosis, perforation, congenital abnormality

[1]. Kumar KR, Rao BAR, Krishna DM, Raju KAK, Phaniteja P. Meckel's Diverticulum and its Presentations: A Case Series. Int J Sci Stud 2015;3(9):173-6.
[2]. Zachariah SK. Synchronous Perforation of the Ileum and Meckel's Diverticulum Due to Tuberculosis. Gastroenterol Res 2010;3(2):99-100
[3]. MADHYASTHA S, PRABHU VL, SARALAYA V. Meckel's diverticulum. A case report. Int. J. Morphol., 2007;25(3):519-22, 2007

Abstract: Background and Objectives: The debonding of acrylic teeth from denture base remains a major problem in removable prosthodontic practice. Recent advances had led to the introduction of highly crosslinked acrylic teeth and reinforced acrylic denture base resin with better properties. But this had also affected the chemical bond between them. Hence all possible methods to improve the bond strength should be studied. The main objective of the present study were to evaluate the bond strength between high impact resistant heat polymerized denture base resin and crosslinked acrylic denture teeth after sandblasting and after different chemical surface treatments with methyl methacrylate monomer, acetone, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Material and Methods:Master specimen was prepared by.........

Key Words: Bond strength; Acrylic tooth; Surface treatment

[1]. Darbar UR, Huggett R, Harrison A. Denture fracture--a survey. British dental journal. 1994 May; 176(9):342.
[2]. Cunningham JL. Bond strength of denture teeth to acrylic bases. Journal of dentistry. 1993 Oct 1;21(5):274-80.
[3]. Clancy JM, Hawkins LF, Keller JC, Boyer DB. Bond strength and failure analysis of light-cured denture resins bonded to denture teeth. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 1991 Feb 1; 65(2):315-24.
[4]. Morrow RM, Matvias FM, Windeler AS, Fuchs RJ. Bonding of plastic teeth to two heat-curing denture base resins. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 1978 May 1; 39(5):565-8.
[5]. Cardash HS, Applebaum B, Baharav H, Liberman R. Effect of retention grooves on tooth-denture base bond. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 1990 Oct 1; 64(4):492-6.