iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-7 ~ JuLy 2020

Abstract: Defects over tendo Achilles, heel, lateral and medial malleoli, annoys the surgeon, especially if they are small due to difficulty in reconstruction. As the dimensions of the defects are such that, considering flaps from calf or foot would be too much for the given defect. For such kind of defects, lateral calcaneal artery (LCA) 'island' flap is one of the options to be considered, in bringing robust, thin, sensate skin with reliable blood supply. Being an 'island' flap, with average pedicle length of 6 cm, it will reach distal one fifth of fibula, lateral malleolus, posterior aspect of heel, tendo Achilles, and medial malleolus comfortably.

[1]. Grabb WC, Argenta LC (1981) The lateral calcaneal artery skin flap (the lateral calcaneal artery, lesser saphenous vein, and sural nerve skin flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 68: 723-730.
[2]. Holmes J, Rayner CRW Lateral calcaneal artery island flaps.Br J Plast Surg1984;37: 402-5.
[3]. Borrelli J, Lashgari C (1999) Vascularity of the lateral calcaneal flapA cadaveric injection study. J Orthop Trauma 13: 73-77.

Abstract: Abnormal femoral neck anteversion (FNA) and/or acetabulum anteversion (AA) have long been implicated in the etiogenesis of hip osteoarthritis (OA), developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), and hip impingement. Since studies on skeletally immature children are sparse on this topic, the purpose of this study was to measure the normal values of FNA, AA and the combined anteversion (CA= FNA+ AA), comparison among genders and sides (right and left).A cross sectional study was conducted among 51 skeletally immature children belonging to the age group 1 to 15 years in GMCH from September 2018 to August 2019 using standardized 2D computed tomographic (CT) methods.The...

Key words: Hip joint, femoral neck anteversion, acetabulum anteversion, combined anteversion angle

[1]. Upadhyay SS, Burwell RG, Moulton A, Small PG Wallace WA. Femoral anteversion in healthy children: application of a new method using ultrasound. J Anat 1987;169 : 49-61.
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[3]. Morscher E. Development and clinical significance of the anteversion of the femoral neck. Reconstr. Surg. Traumat.,1967, 9:107-125.
[4]. Jani L. Idiopathic anteversion of femoral neck. Follow up study of 51 patients on completion of growth. Int. Orthop.(SICOT), 1979, 2:283-292.
[5]. Kingsley PC, Olmsted KL, authors. A study to determine the angle of anteversion of the neck of femur. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1948;30:745–51. [PubMed]

Abstract: CD31 expression is correlated with tumor cells that spread in the duct system. VEGF is one of the most prominent growth factors for physiological and pathological control in the process of angiogenesis. VEGF has been studied as an important key in the process of angiogenesis of several tumors, including breast cancer. This study design use observational analytic cohort method. The study population was female patients with locally advanced breast cancer who underwent anthracycline-based neo-advance chemotherapy at Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang from June 2019 to January 2019. The relationship between CD31 expression with NAC response has a correlation coefficient of 0.601 with p value of 0,000, because the value of p = 0,000 <0.05 (α = 5%), so it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship.....

Key Word: CD 31, VEGF expression, anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy, breast cancer

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[4]. Charpin C, Garcia S, et al.1997. CD31/PECAM automated and quantitative immunocytochemical assay in breast carcinomas: correlation with patient follow up. AM Journal Clinical Pathology
[5]. Chen JH, Feig B, Agrawal G, et al. 2008 MRI evaluation of pathologically complete response and residual tumors in breast cancer after neoajuvant chemotherapy. Journal of Cancer 2008; 112(1): 17–26.

Abstract: COVID-19 the ongoing pandemic, a corona virus disease which has affected over 7 million people across 200 countries and territories of the globe in the year 2019-20 which is similar to the previous outbreak of SARS and MERS. This contagious viral infection spreads through contact or droplet infections or through contact with contaminated surfaces; it presents with symptomslike fever, cough, fatigueand shortness of breath. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT), such as RT-PCR. nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT), such as RT-PCR are used to diagnosecases.Precautions are taken to prevent the spread of the Pandemic like use of masks, PPE, hand washing or use of Sanitizers, self-isolation, maintaining good hygiene etc. As per now there is no specificvaccine/antiviral treatment for itbut many medical agencies havebeen working on it and carrying out trials to check the outcome of the drugs on the patients.This review focuses on the various"emerging evidence-based therapies in covid-19 "........

Key Words: COVID 19, RT-PCR, NAAT, SARS,MERS

[1]. Tavakoli A, Vahdat K, Keshavarz M. Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): An Emerging Infectious Disease in the 21st Century. ISMJ, 2020 Jan 10; 22(6): 432-50.
[2]. World Health Organization. Statement on the secondmeeting of the International Health Regulations(2005) Emergency Committee regarding theoutbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV): BarryM, Ghonem L, Alsharidi A, Alanazi A, Alotaibi NH,AL-Shahrani FS, Al Majid F, BaHammam AS.Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic inthe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Mitigation Measuresand Hospitals Preparedness.
[3]. Manli Wang, Ruiyuan Cao, Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell research, 2020;30(2), 269–271.
[4]. Ren LL, Wang YM, Wu ZQ, Xiang ZC, Guo L, Xu T, Jiang YZ, Xiong Y, Li YJ, Li XW, Li H. Identification of a novel coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in human: a descriptive study. Chinese medical journal, 2020 Feb 11.
[5]. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z. Clinicalfeatures of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The lancet, 2020 Feb 15; 395(10223): 497-506.

Abstract: Background- The mortality rate of stroke in the acute phase is as high as 20% and it remains higher for several years after the acute event in stroke patients than in the general population. Stroke is also an important cause of morbidity and long term disability: up to 40% of survivors are not expected to recover their independence with self-care and 25% become unable to walk independently. Methods- This study is conducted among 50 patients of acute stroke with CT scan evidence of hemorrhage (ICH and SAH) and CT scan showing no evidence of ischemia. A total of 50 subjects age and sex matched controls (who do not have acute stroke) were also selected Results- The mean value of SUA in dyslipidemia subjects was 6.024 ± 1.310mg/dl whereas in non dyslipidemia subjects was 6.021 ± 1.158mg/dl. No significant association was observed among the presence and absence of dyslipidemia with Serum Uric Acid level in cases.....

Keywords- Stroke, Uric acid, Dyslipidemia

[1]. Smith WS, Johnston SC, Hemphill JC. Cerebrovascular diseases. Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J. Harrison's principles of Internal Medicine,19th edition: Mc Graw Hill Education;2015:2559,2581-2585.
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[5]. Hariklia VD, Apostolos H, Haralambosk the Role of Uric Acid in Stroke. The lssue Remains Unresolved. The Neurologist. 2008; 14:238–242..

Abstract: Background: Both typhoid and malaria are diseases of epidemiological importance globally. Malaria and typhoid fever are among the most endemic diseases in the tropical and developing countries.Here in this study authors attempt to find out rates of concurrent typhoid and malaria infection. Methods: A cross sectional study was done from 1 May 2019 to 30 April 2020. A total of 865 samples in different age group were analyzed in the microbiology laboratory for the diagnosis of typhoid fever and malaria co-infection. Peripheral bloodsmear examination, Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for malaria, tube Widal test and typhi dot 1were done for the diagnosis.....

Keywords- Co-infection, Malaria, Typhoid, Serodiagnosis

[1]. Chrispal A, Boorugu H, Gopinath KG, Chandy S, Prakash JA, Thomas EM, et al. Acute undifferentiated febrile illness in adult hospitalized patients: the disease spectrum and diagnostic predictors–an experience from a tertiary care hospital in South India. Trop Doct. 2010;40(4):230-4.
[2]. KulkarniS, Manthalkar PS, Chillargi C. Typhoid and Malaria Co-infection from North Karnataka: A Case Report. International Journal of Scientific Study 2015; 2:120-121.
[3]. Suresh V, Krishna V, Raju CHN, Surya P, Teja VU. A rare case of triple infection with dengue, malaria and typhoid-A case report. Int J Res Dev Health: November 2013; Vol1(4): 200-203.
[4]. Snehanshu S, Harshita P, Chandrim S, Parul C, Chaudhary BL. Malaria and typhoid, do they co-exist as alternative diagnosis in tropics? A tertiary care hospital experience. International journal of current microbiology and applied sciences 2014; 3: 207-14.
[5]. Verma D, Kishore S, Siddique ME. Comparative Evaluation of Various Tests for Diagnosis of Concurrent Malaria and Typhoid Fever in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Northern India. JCDR 2014 May, Vol-8(5): DC41-DC44

Abstract: The presentstudywasdone to detectAntibioticsensitivity pattern and detection of fluoroquinolone resistance of Escherichia isolates of urinary tract infection. Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common bacterial infection in human produced by uropathogenic species of bacteria. Escherichia coli is the most prevalent in our human1.Escherichia coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infection. Escherichia coli accounts for 75% to 90% of urinary tract infection. At some point sin lives, at least 12%men and 10-20% women have a patient like-old age, pregnant women, immune sup present, previous infection (David rah a 2008). Although UTIs occur in both men and women, clinical studies suggest that the overall prevalence of UTI is higher in women2. Materials and Methods:During the study period, 300 clinical samples of urine samples were collected and process for isolation and identification....

Keywords- Escherichia coli, Urinary tract infection , Sensitivity, Resistance

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[3]. De Backer D, Christians T, Heightens S, de Sutter A, Slobbering EE, Verhaegen G. Evolution of bacterial susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli in uncomplicated urinary tract infections in a country with high antibiotic consumption: Acomparison of two surveys with a 10-year interval. J Antimicrobe Chemother. 2008;62:364–8.
[4]. Kramer S, Home J, Demidov D. Treatment of lower urinary tract infection in pregnancy. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents.2001;17(4):279-82
[5]. Alemu A, Mages F, Shivered Y, Tares K, Kasur A, Anagen B. Bacterial profile and..

Abstract: Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosais an opportunistic pathogen and one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections that include surgical wound infections, burns, and urinary tract infections.To find the prevalence and resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosain different clinical isolates at tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: Isolates of P. aeruginosa obtained from different clinical samples were subjected to standard culture and biochemical tests for identificationThe antibacterial susceptibility testing was conducted against 11 antibiotics: Piperacillin, PiperacillinTazobactum, Ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, Tobramycin, imipenemCefoperazoneSalbactum.....

Keywords- Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Prevalence, Antibacterial susceptibility testing, Resistance

[1]. EkremK,RokanDK.AntibioticsusceptibilitypatternsofPseudo-monasaeruginosastrainsisolatedfromvariousclinicalspecimens.SkyJournalofMicrobiologyResearchVol2014;2(2):13-7.
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[5]. Gaouar-BorsaliN,Gauar-YadiM,BabaahmedZ,DrissiM.AntibioticresistancestudyofsomeclinicalstrainsofPseudomonasaerugi-nosacharacterizationbyconjugationandcleaningoutofplasmid.DerPharmaChemica2012;4(3):1160-

Abstract: In managing stroke, appropriate knowledge and awareness of stroke symptom and warning signs would lead to early interventions since time of presentation to the hospital is critical to the outcome of the patient. In developing countries like Nigeria the inability of patients to access medical care remains a major barrier to acute stroke therapy with the longest phase of delay coming from the time stroke warning symptom and sign occur, and the subsequent decision to seek medical attention and final arrival to the hospital. This study was designed to assess the level of knowledge and awareness among patient and patient caregiver for those with stroke in a tertiary Health care facility in Abuja. It is a descriptive cross sectional study of 182 patients with a structured questionnaire.....

Keywords- Stroke, Risk factors, Knowledge, Awareness.

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Abstract: Introduction The presents of metastatic nodal disease always remains major prognostic factor in head & neck cancer. This reduces patient survival. Metastasis can result from recurrent nodal disease, distal metastasis or a second primary tumour in spite of control the primary tumour. Nodal metastasis is the strongest prognosticator of recurrent nodal disease and eventual distant metastasis. Inspite of advanced investigation and imaging occult primary still remains a dilemma to the oncologist. Materials and Methods...

Keywords- Occult primary, neck node metastasis

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Abstract: Background: Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy specific vasculo-endothelial disorder affecting multiple systems and one of the leading causes of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality globally. The etiology is still unclear.Unlike deaths due to other direct causes, pre-eclampsia related deaths appear to be increasing and linked to multiple factors, making prevention of the disease a continuous challenge. The aim of this study is to assess determinants of pre-eclampsia among women attending delivery services in Umaid hospital, Dr. S.N. Medical college, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. Objective: To determine the risk of preeclampsia in pregnancy with factors that may be present preconceptionally and at antenatal booking......

Keywords: Preeclampsia

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