iosr-JDMS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2022

Abstract: Background: Pulmonary complications in the postoperative period significantly hamper recovery of the patient and are a major contribution to increased duration of hospital stay, morbidity and mortality. The incidence is 5-10% in patients undergoing abdominal surgery, rising to almost 22% in high risk patients. The definition, though widely variable, includes complications such as pneumonia, atelectasis, bronchitis, pleural effusion, aspiration, acute lung injury and bronchospasm. Atelectasis is the main cause of post-operative pulmonary complications and in most cases is preventable to a certain extent. Acute lung injury is the most serious that may prove fatal in most cases........

Keywords: Post-operative complications; Pulmonary Complications, Abdominal Surgery, Spirometry

[1]. Smentana GW, Lawrence VA, Cornell JE. Preoperative pulmonary risk stratification for non-cardiac surgery. Systematic review for the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 2006;144:581-95.
[2]. Wong DH, Weber EC, Schell MJ, Wong AB, Anderson CT, Barker SJ.Factors associated with postoperative pulmonary complications in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Anesth Analg 1995;80:276-84
[3]. Qaseem A, Snow V, Fitterman N, et al. Risk assessment for and strategies to reduce perioperative pulmonary complications for patients undergoing noncardiothoracic surgery: A guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:575-80.
[4]. Frownfelter DDE. Individuals with acute surgical conditions. Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Physical Therapy - Evidence to Practice 5th edition 2012; 488-98.
[5]. Law S, Wong KH, Kwok KF, et al. Predictive factors for postoperative pulmonary complications and mortality after esophagectomy for cancer. Ann Surg. 2004;240:791-800.

Abstract: Background: Testicular torsion is a common cause of acute scrotum and is complicated by loss of testes. Testicular torsion is a twisting of the spermatic cord and its contents and is a surgical emergency affecting 3.8 per 100,000 males younger than 18 years annually. On the other hand, intermittent torsion is characterized by recurrent scrotal pain caused by intermittent torsion and detorsion of the testis. Objective: To determining the incidence and clinical presentation of patients with testicular torsion. Methods: This retrospective descriptive......

Keywords: Testicular, Torsion, Acute scrotum, Intermittent

[1]. Anderson JB, Williamson RCN. Testicular torsion in Bristol: a 25-year review. Br J Surg 1988; 75:988e92.
[2]. Beni-Israel T, Goldman M, Bar Chaim S, et al. Clinical Predictors for Testicular Torsion as Seen in the Pediatric ED. Am J Emerg Med. 2010; 28(7):786-9
[3]. Nickel JC, Tiechman JM, Gregoine M, et al. Prevalence, Diagnosis, Characterisation and Treatment of Prostatitis, Interstitial Cystitis and Epidydimitis in Outpatient Urological Practice: The Canadian PIE Study. Urology 2005; 66(5)935-940
[4]. Pearce T, Islam S, O' Flynn KJ. Suspected Testicular Torsion: A Survey of Clinical Practice in North West England. J R Soc Med. 2002; 95: 247.
[5]. Nevo A, Mano R, Sivan B, et al. Missed Torsion of the Spermatic Cord: A Common Yet Underreported Event. Urology.2017; 102: 202-206

Abstract: The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the most active joint in the body as it needs to open and close up to 2000 times or more per day to account for a full day's worth of chewing, talking, breathing, swallowing, yawning, and snoring. The jaws, cervical spine, occlusion, alignment of the teeth are integrally related, and dysfunction in one of these regions may lead to a temporomandibular joint (TMDS) disorder, which is a term used to describe a variety of clinical disorders resulting in jaw pain or dysfunction.1,2 The two most common masticatory problems (other then odontalgia) that present in dental office are 1. Masticatory muscle disorder......

[1]. Okeson JP. Management of temporomandibular disorders and occlusion. 5th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2003. p. 260.
[2]. Karen Weber, Standard of care: temporomandibular joint disorders; The Brigham and Womens hospital, Inc. Department of rehabilitation services; Copyright © 2007.
[3]. Dworkin SF. LeResche L; Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders: review, criteria, examinations and specifications, critique; Journal of Craniomandibular Disorders 1992; 6; 301-55
[4]. A case report of TMJ closed lock reduced with occlusal splint therapy with MRI evidence. IP International Journal of Maxillofacial Imaging, July-September, 2017;3(3):95-99 Shruti Sambyal, Ajit D. Dinkar, Bhanu Pratap Singh, Atul Chauhan.
[5]. Prosthodontic Management of Temporomandibular Disorders Harsimran Kaur • Kusum DattaJ Indian Prosthodont Soc (Oct-Dec 2013) 13(4):400–405

Abstract: Background: With an increasing demand of root canal treatment, iatrogenic mishaps do occur in daily practice. The separation of instruments during non-surgical endodontic treatment is a troublesome incident and the incidence ranges from 2 – 6 % of the cases. Instrument separation can occur at different levels along the length of the canal. The most common causes for file separation are improper use, limitations in physical properties, inadequate access, root canal anatomy and possibly manufacturing defects. The separated fragment blocks the access to thorough root canal cleaning and shaping procedure apical to the level of separation or irritates the periapex when it juts out of the root apex. Attempt to bypass or retrieve the instrument should be made before leaving it and obturating to the level separation. The present case reports a rare case of moving file in an upper lateral incisor..

Keywords: Separated instrument, moving file, periapex

[1]. Hülsmann, M. Removal of silver cones and fractured instruments using the Canal Finder System. J Endod (1990) 16(12), 596-600.
[2]. Ruddle CJ. Broken instrument removal: the endodontic challenge. Dent Today 2002; 21:70–2.
[3]. Vivekananda Pai AR, Mir S, Jain R. Retrieval of a metallic obstruction from the root canal of a premolar using Masserann technique. Contemp Clin Dent 2013;4:543-6
[4]. Panitvisai P, Parunnit P, Sathorn C, Messer HH. Impact of a retained instrument on treatment outcome: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. J Endod 2010;36:775‑80.
[5]. Cujé J, Bargholz C, Hülsmann M. The outcome of retained instrument removal in a specialist practice. Int Endod J 2010;43:545‑54

Abstract: Early loss of molars due to any disease process like caries or periodontitis leads to various unpleasant sequelae such as loss of arch length, supra eruption of opposing teeth etc. Resective procedures like hemisection, root resection provide a means of salvaging the tooth without extraction. Hemisection is essentially the split of tooth into two portions followed by removal of the diseased root and part of crown. In the present case, a molar with failed endodontic therapy was successfully treated by hemisection and subsequent rehabilitation

Keywords: Mandibular molar, Hemisection, Failed endodontic therapy, Resective procedures

[1]. Biesterfeld RC, Taintar JF. Endodontic considerations related to hemisection and root amputation. N W Dent 1978; 157: 142-148.
[2]. Saraf AA, Patil AC. Hemisection. World J Dent 2013;4(3):180-187.
[3]. Bühler H. Evaluation of root-resected teeth. Results after 10 years. J Periodontol 1988; 59: 805-10.
[4]. DeSanctis M, Murphy KG. The role of resective periodontal surgery in the treatment of furcation defects. Periodontol 2000. 2000; 22: 154-68.
[5]. Erpenstein H. A 3-year study of hemisectioned molars. J Clin Periodontol 1983: 10: 1-10

Abstract: Background: Placental abruption is one of the major causes of vaginal bleeding in the later half of pregnancy and it is a significant cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Timely diagnosis and effective treatment can reduce the number of maternal and perinatal complications. Methods: This was a prospective study carried out in 100 patients admitted to the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Civil hospital, Ahmedabad, with clinical diagnosis of abruptio placenta and period of gestation of 28 weeks or more, between September 2018 to August 2020. Results: Highest incidence (55%) of abruption was among age group of 21-25 years, between Para 2 to Para 4 (63%) and between 33-36 weeks of gestation (43%). The most common presenting symptom was vaginal bleeding(83%). Most common etiological factor was unknown(45%). Majority patients had revealed abruption(47%). Most common complication was DIC(12%). Overall Perinatal mortality was 58%. Conclusion: Placental abruption is an emergency condition, but if timely diagnosed and managed, the maternal and perinatal mortality can be reduced.

[1]. Rigby E: An Essay on the uterine Hemorrhage Which Precedes the Delivery of the Full-Grown Fetus. London, 1776.
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[5]. Gherman and Goodwin: Obstetric implication of activated Protein- C resistance and factor V leiden mutation. Ostet Gynecol surv. 2000, 55: 117pp.

Abstract: Infected individuals with HIV are very susceptible to respiratory infections from different organisms. All HIV positive patients admitted with the diagnosis of 'pneumonia in the immunocompromised' were investigated for pulmonary tuberculosis with sputum genexpert test and recruited into the study over a 60 months period. The mean age was 41.12 ± 13.08 years, with the majority (40.0%) of the patients in the 31-40 years age group. Cough was the commonest symptom (100%), followed by fever (94.0%), weight loss (88.0%) and night sweats (54.0%). Anaemia was present in 82.0% of the patients. Thirty percent (30.0%) of the subjects were positive for pulmonary tuberculosis by the sputum GeneXpert investigation, and the commonest radiological finding was patchy consolidation in 50.0% of study patients. Bacterial pneumonia in HIV patients with lower respiratory symptoms is still commoner than pulmonary tuberculosis and its treatment should be optimised while investigating other pathologies.

Keywords: HIV, Tuberculosis, Pneumonia, Patients.

[1]. Chaisson RE. Bacterial pneumonia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Semin Respir Infect. 1989;4(2):133-138.
[2]. Caiaffa WT, Graham NM, Vlahov D. Bacterial pneumonia in adult populations with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Am J Epidemiol 1993;138(11):909-22.
[3]. Hirschtick RE, Glassroth J, Jordan MC, et al. Bacterial pneumonia in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Pulmonary Complications of HIV Infection Study Group. N Engl J Med 1995; 333(13):845-51.
[4]. Kohli R, Lo Y, Homel P, et al. Bacterial pneumonia, HIV therapy, and disease progression among HIV-infected women in the HIV epidemiologic research (HER) study. Clin Infect Dis 2006;43(1):90-8.
[5]. Hull MW, Phillips P, Montaner JS. Changing global epidemiology of pulmonary manifestations of HIV/AIDS. Chest 2008;134(6):1287-98.

Abstract: Introduction: Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB), also called olfactory neuroblastoma, is a rare tumor whose origin is the olfactory neuroepithelium, these tumors often present a variable biological activity ranging from indolent growth to a very aggressive neoplasm with fast and extensive metastasis, and a survival limited to few months. Description: The case we are reporting is of a young 30-year-old woman, with an esthesioneuroblastoma which previously undergone surgery on in the ENT department, followed by an adjuvant treatment "chemoradiotherapy",.........

Keywords: Esthesioneuroblastoma; processing; surgery; radiotherapy; chemotherapy; metastasis

[1]. Marinelli JP, Janus JR, Van Gompel JJ, Link MJ, Foote RL, Lohse CM, Price KA, Chintakuntlawar AV. Esthesioneuroblastoma with distant metastases: Systematic review & meta-analysis. Head Neck. 2018 Oct;40(10):2295-2303.
[2]. Deng H, McDowell MM, Gersey ZC, Abou-Al-Shaar H, Snyderman CH, Zenonos GA, Lunsford LD, Gardner PA. Esthésioneuroblastome avec métastases durales récurrentes : traitement multimodal à long terme et considérations. Surg Neurol Int. 8 décembre 2021;12:606
[3]. Martinez-Perez R, Hardesty DA, Palmer J, Zachariah M, Otto BA, Carrau RL, Prevedello DM. Remote Leptomeningeal Dissemination in Olfactory Neuroblastoma Mimicking Multiple Parasagittal Meningiomas: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge. World Neurosurg. 2020 Feb;134:361-364.
[4]. Moschettoni, Laura; Ruggiero, Francesca; Fava, Filippo Maria; De Luna, Adolfo; Lunardi, Pierpaolo Late Intramedullary Spinal Metastases from Esthesioneuroblastoma: Case Report and Prognostic Implications. World Neurosurgery (2021). , 145(), 183–186.

Abstract: Introduction The procedure of choice for evaluation of sellar, parasellar and suprasellar pathologies is MRI in this developing phase of the medical world. MRI provides detailed information about the content of sella, parasellar and suprasellar region and their pathologies. It is important to characterize the histological typing of masses. This is of high clinical importance as this determines importance of non-surgical techniques (MRI) versus surgical. We studied the clinical and radiological characteristics of sellar, parasellar and suprasellar masses correlated with histophathological findings.....

[1]. Simão GN. Sellar and parasellar abnormalities. Radiol Bras. 2018;51(1):IX. doi:10.1590/0100-3984.2018.51.1e3
[2]. Kim NR, Han J. Pathologic review of cystic and cavitary lung diseases. Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(5):407-414. doi:10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.5.407
[3]. Tuccar E, Uz A, Tekdemir I, Elhan A, Ersoy M, Deda H. Anatomical study of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus, emphasizing dural construction and neural relations. Neurosurg Rev. 2000;23(1):45-8. doi: 10.1007/s101430050031.
[4]. Xiong J, Luo J, Bian J, Wu J. Overall diagnostic accuracy of different MR imaging sequences for detection of dysplastic nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol. 2022;32(2):1285-1296. doi: 10.1007/s00330-021-08022-5.
[5]. Emanuelli E, Zanotti C, Munari S, Baldovin M, Schiavo G, Denaro L. Sellar and parasellar lesions: multidisciplinary management. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2021;41(Suppl. 1):S30-S41. doi:10.14639/0392-100X-suppl.1-41-2021-03.

Abstract: Background: Amalgam has been used in dentistry as direct restorative material of posterior teeth for many years. It is the most cost-effective restoration with easy application, and has strength, durability and bacteriostatic effect. However, the use of this material is decreasing these days due to the increasing concerns regarding detrimental health effects, environmental hazards and aesthetics. Although there are concerns regarding mercury toxicity, most dental institutions hold amalgam as the material of choice for undergraduate students. Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of dental amalgam as a restorative material among the undergraduate dental.........

Keywords: Amalgam; knowledge; attitude; practice; disposal; ban; mercury toxicity

[1]. Rathore M, Singh A, Pant VA. The dental amalgam toxicity fear: A myth or actuality.Toxicol Int; 2012. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pm c/articles/pmc338877
[2]. Eames WB. Preparation and condensation of amalgam with a low mercury alloy ratio. J Am Dent Assoc. 1959; 58:78–83.
[3]. Sikka S. Biomedical Waste in Indian Context. B-6/15 Rajouri Garden, New Delhi.110 027, India.
[4]. Bharti R, Wadhwani KK, Tikku AP, et al. Dental amalgam: An update. J Conserv Dent. 2010; 13:204
[5]. Sachan S, Srivastava I, Ranjan M. Flowable composite resin: A versatile material. J Med Dent Sci. 2016; 15:71–74
[6]. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Dental Amalgam Restoration among Dental Students Kalaivani Natarajan1 and Manish Ranjan2* 1 Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai – 77, India. 2 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai – 77, India

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