iosr-JDMS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2022

Abstract: Background: Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is a global public health problem, where slow progressive deterioration in kidney function leads to numerous hematological and biochemical dysfunction. These patients become vulnerable to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality if appropriate measures are not taken for their control. The aim of present study was to find out changes, in the common hematological function and levels of some biochemical constituents that may occur in patients of chronic renal failure (CRF); undergoing dialysis; and suggest appropriate measures for their management.......

Keywords: Chronic Renal Failure, Biochemical Parameters, Hematological Parameters, Hemodialysis

[1]. Nisha R, Srinivasa Kannan SR, et al. Biochemical evaluation of creatinine and urea in patients with renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. J Clin Path Lab Med. 2017;1(2):1-5.
[2]. Anwar Habib, Razi Ahmad, et al. Hematological changes in patients of chronic renal failure and the effect of hemodialysis on these parameters. Int J Res Med Sci.2017 Nov;5(11):4998-5003.
[3]. Kallol Bhattacharjee, Et Al. A Study on Hematological Profile in Patients Of Chronic Renal Failure With Special Reference To Serum Iron Profile. Journal of Evidence based Medicine and Healthcare; Volume 2, Issue 46, November 09, 2015; Page: 8212-8219.
[4]. National Kidney Foundation: K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006;47 (Suppl 3): S33-S53.
[5]. Gonella Geetha Meenakshi. Effect of Dialysis on Certain Biochemical Parameters in Chronic Renal Failure Patients. Int J of Contemporary Medical Research. CT 2016;3(10):2869-2071.

Abstract: Background: The macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) diabetes involving various organs are well studied. However, the impact of diabetes on vasculature in the lung and its consequent effect on pulmonary function is less well characterised. Objectives: This study was done with the primary objective of comparing pulmonary function in individuals with diabetes based on glycemic control duration of diabetes, age and microvascular complications. Material and methods:20 patients were selected as study group all of were with T2DM and divided in to 2 groups-group III and group II, each group with 10 patients. Group III had T2DM subjects with retinopathy and/or diabetic nephropathy and/or neuropathy, whereas group-II had T2DM patients without any complications.......

Keywords: Diabetes, Microangiopathy, FEV1, FVC ,PEFR

[1]. Harrison's principles of internal medicine- 16th edition- Dennis L.Pasper, Anthony S Fauci, Dan L. Longo, Eugene Braunwald.
[2]. Josline Text Book of Text Book of Diabetes Mellitus-15th edtion - Ronald khan, Gardon -C-well, George L King.
[3]. Mohan V, Meera R, PremlathaG, Deepa P, Mirenda P, Rema M. Frequency of proteinuria in Type 2 DM seen at a Diabetic Centre in South India P.G Med J 2000: 76 (899) : 569-573.
[4]. position statement: standards of Medical Care American Diabetic Care 2004; Vol 27, supplement 1. sis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its.
[5]. Definitions, diagnosis and clasification of diabet complications; WHO techinical report series on DM : 1999 Geneva.

Abstract: Background: Anemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries, the prevalence of anemia is higher among developing nations, because of low socioeconomic status and indigent access to the healthcare services. Adolescence is the period of most rapid growth second to childhood. The physical and physiological changes that occur in adolescents place a great demand on their nutritional requirements and make them more vulnerable to anemia. Methodology: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted among 200 adolescent girls of age 13 to 19 yrs studying in government school in Bhagalpur, Bihar.......

Keywords: adolescents, socio – demographic factors.

[1]. World Health organization. Adolescent health and development. Available at: http://www.searo.who.int/en/Section13/Section1245_4980.htm (last accessed on October 10, 2012).
[2]. United Nations, Department of economic and social affairs, population division, world population prospects: The 2008 revision. Available at: http://www.esa.un.org/unpd/wpp2008/index.htm (last accessed on October 12, 2012).
[3]. The state of the world's children 2011 – Adolescence an age of opportunity.
[4]. UNICEF. (last accessed on October 10, 2012).
[5]. World Health Organization. Programming for adolescent health and development. WHO Tech Rep Ser No. 886, 1996. p. 2.

Abstract: Background: Cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) is used to monitor response to breast cancer treatment and disease recurrence.The range of serum CA 15-3 is less than 30 U/mL. The upper limit of the reference range varies depending on the laboratory and kit used for the test. Values of CA 15 -3 obtained with different assay kits, methods, or laboratories cannot be used interchangeably.CA 15-3 levels are most commonly used to monitor metastatic carcinoma breast during active therapy. Tumor marker 15-3 levels must be used in conjunction with the history, physical examination, and diagnostic imaging. A decrease in marker levels during management can indicate tumor response, whereas stable or increasing levels despite adequate treatment can indicate that the tumor is not.......

Keywords: CA15-3, prognostic marker,breast cancer.

[1]. Swart R. Breast Cancer. Medscape Drugs and Diseases.
[2]. Bon GG et al. Clinical and technical evaluation of ACS™BR serum assay of MUC1 gene-derived glycoprotein in breast cancer, and comparison with CA15-3 assays. Clinical Chemistry. 1997.
[3]. Wu JT. Expression of monoclonal antibody-defined tumor markers in four carcinomas . Ann Clin Lab Sci. 1989 Jan-Feb.
[4]. Duffy MJ, Shering S, Sherry F, McDermott E, O'Higgins N. CA 15-3: a prognostic marker in breast cancer. Int J Biol Markers. 2000 Oct-Dec.
[5]. Klee GG, Schreiber WE. MUC1 gene-derived glycoprotein assays for monitoring breast cancer (CA 15-3, CA 27.29, BR): are they measuring the same antigen?. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2004 Oct.

Abstract: Background:Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children and adolescents. Poor asthma control can have a negative impact on emotional, social and physical aspects of the children's life. Objective:To evaluate the quality of lifeand its association with the level of asthma control in children and adolescents with asthma. Methods: It was an analytical cross-sectional study that included asthmatic children and adolescents, from a Public Pediatric Pneumology Clinic in CascavelCity, Brazil. The Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ), validated for.......

Keywords: asthma; quality of life; child; adolescent

[1]. Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. Fontana, WI: Global Initiative for Asthma; 2021 [cited 2022 Jan 15]. Available from: https://www.ginasthma.org/reports
[2]. The Global Asthma Report 2018. Auckland, New Zealand: Global Asthma Network, 2018. [cited 2022 Jan 15]. Available at: www.globalasthmareport.org.
[3]. Fonseca LG, Florêncio RB, Lima IN, Gualdi LP. Time trend of Brazilian hospital admissions and deaths due to asthma among children and teenagers, 1998–2019. PLoS ONE. [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Jan 15];16(3):e0248472. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248472.
[4]. Battula M, Arunashekar P, Vinoth P. A Prospective Study to Assess the Quality of Life in Children with Newly Diagnosed Asthma and Their Caregivers using the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire. J Prim Care Com Health. 2020;11:1-7.
[5]. Matsunaga NY, Ribeiro MA, Saad IA, Morcillo AM, Ribeiro JD, Toro AA. Evaluation of quality of life according to asthma control and asthma severity in children and adolescents. J Bras Pneumol. 2015;41(6):502-8..

Abstract: Background: Sexual maturation is one of the critical tasks of adolescent transition. Risky sexual behavior is a major challenge of adolescent transition impacting reproductive health, psychoemotional well-being and adolescent outcome. This study purposed to determine the association between sexual debut and mental health disorders and abuse among adolescents to facilitate screening and intervention in primary care. Methods: hospital based cross sectional design using randomly selected 251 adolescents. Instrument used was a customized self-administered questionnaire including, PHQ2, GAD2, PHQ9(Q9), PIUQ-SF, and CRAFFT. P value was .05 Results: ten percent of respondents had attained sexual debut, 88% of them at above 16years, 32% ever had 2 or more partners and 24% ever requested SHRI......

Keywords: adolescents, sexual debut, mental health disorders, sexual abuse, emotional abuse

[1]. Tulloch T., Kaufman M. Adolescent Sexuality: Pediatrics in Review, 2013 34(1) 29-38 DOI: https//doi.org/10.1542/pii.34-1-29
[2]. Sessa F.M. Adolescent Sexual Behavior. ScienceDirect. Encyclopedia of Mental Health (2nd Edition) 2016. Available at https://www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/pii/
[3]. B9780123970459000550. Accessed 16/10/21.
[4]. Kar S.K., Choudhury A., Singh A.P. Understanding normal development of adolescent sexuality: A bumpy ride. Journal of Human Reproductive Science 2015; 8(2): 70–74. doi: 10.4103/0974-1208.158594.
[5]. Seff I., J-Steiner J., Stark, L. Early sexual debut: A multi-country, sex-stratified analysis in sub-Saharan African. Global Public Health. DOI:10.1080/17441692.2020.1814833 .https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2020.1814833

Abstract: Gall stone ileus is a rare complication of gallstone disease. It is an uncommon cause of small bowel obstruction and accounts for 1%-4% of all cases of mechanical bowel obstruction. The symptoms of gall stone ileus are mostly non-specific. Surgical management remains the mainstay of treatment for the condition..

Keywords: Gall stone ileus, enterolithotomy, bowel obstruction

[1]. Schwartz's Principles of Surgery 11th edition
[2]. Reiner RM,Cohen JR:Gallstone ileus:A review of 1001 reported cases.Am Surgery.1994,60:441-446
[3]. Clavien PA,Richon J,Burgan S,Rohner A:Gallstone ileus.Br J Surgery.1990,77:737-742
[4]. Abou-Saif A, Al-Kawas FH. Complications of gall-stone disease: Mirizzi syndrome,cholecystocholedochal fistula,and gallstone ileus.Am J Gastroentero.2002;97:249-254.
[5]. Turner AR,Sharma B,Mukherjee S,Gallstone Ileus.[Updated 2021 Sep 27].In: StatsPearls[Interner].Treasure Island(FL):StatPearls Publishing;2022 Jan.

Abstract: The preoperative period is a stressful event for the majority of individuals undergoing surgery. This is especially true in the paediatric patient and is related to a limited understanding of the nature of the illness and the need of surgery by young children. Pharmacological and behavioural interventions are used to treat preoperative anxiety in children and their parents. Anaesthesia and surgery represent an immense time of stress for the child. The reasons for stress include primarily (i) separation from parents (ii) strange surroundings (iii) painful procedures (iv) frightening procedures and (v) survival.1 They are unable to understand the necessity for their surgery, nor are they likely to be amenable to reasoned explanation.......

[1]. Cravero Joseph P. and Jo Rice Linda.Paediatric anaesthesia. Chapter 44, In: Clinical anaesthesia, 4th edn, edt. Paul G. Barash, Bruce F. Cullen, Robert K. Stoelting, 2001.p.1195.
[2]. Brzuskowicz Robert M, Nelson Dunkin A, Betts Eugene K, Rosenberry Kathleen R, Swedlow David B. Efficacy of oral premedication for paediatric out patient surgery. Anaesthesiology, 1984; 60: 475-77.
[3]. Feld LH, Negus JB, White PF. Oral midazolam preanaesthetic medication in paediatric out patients. Anaesthesiology, 1990; 73: 831-4.
[4]. McCluskey A, Meaken GH.Oral administration of midazolam as a premedicant for paediatric day-care anaesthesia. Anaesthesia, 1994; 49: 782-5.