iosr-JDMS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2022

Abstract: Salivary glands are affected by variety of pathologies. Salivary gland imaging plays an important role in diagnosis and management of salivary gland diseases. Selection of appropriate imaging method and accurate interpretation is of paramount importance. Ultrasonography is the first line imaging modality for salivary gland diseases followed by sialography. CT and MRI are helpful in determining the extent and nature of pathology particularly in salivary gland tumors. CT and MRI can be combined with sialography whenever and wherever necessary. Proper interpretation of the radiographs is necessary to make definite diagnosis and successful treatment plan. This review article briefly describes various methods of salivary gland imaging and current concepts of interpretation of these imaging techniques.

Keywords: salivary glands, imaging, ultrasonography, radiography, interpretation.

[1]. Whelton H. Introduction: the anatomy and physiology of salivary glands. Saliva and oral health. 1996:1-9.
[2]. Krishnamurthy S, Vasudeva SB, Vijayasarathy S. Salivary gland disorders: A comprehensive review. World Journal of Stomatology. 2015 May 20;4(2):56-71.
[3]. Riyaz MA. Diagnostic Salivary Gland Imaging-A Review. Integrative Journal of Medical Sciences. 2021;8.
[4]. Rastogi R, Bhargava S, Mallarajapatna GJ, Singh SK. Pictorial essay: Salivary gland imaging. Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging. 2012 Oct;22(04):325-33.
[5]. Pawar A, Kale L, Bansode A. Diagnostic imaging of salivary glands: a review. International Journal of Current Research,.2019 June.11, (07), 5254-5259.

Abstract: Background and aims: Peripheral nerve blocks are frequently performed in the perioperative period for postoperative analgesia in lower limb surgeries. Though there are various techniques available to block the nerves of lower limb, a definitive method of choice remains inconclusive. The aim of this study was to compare the ultrasound guided three in one block and ultrasound guided fascia iliaca compartment block in patients undergoing lower limb surgeries for postoperative analgesia. Methods: In this randomised prospective single blinded comparative study, 60 patients of both sexes were randomly divided into two groups of 30 each. Patients of group 1 were given a three in one block and patients of group 2 were given fascia iliaca compartment block. The primary objective was to analyse the postoperative analgesia by visual analogue scale at various time intervals and the time for requirement.......

Key words: Nerve block, three in one block, fascia iliaca compartment block, postoperative analgesia, lower limb sugery

[1]. Comparison of Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block and 3-in-1 Block in Adults undergoing Knee Arthroscopy and Meniscal Repair. LT Jerrol B. Wallace, CRNA, MSN, NC, USN LT Joseph A. Andrade, CRNA, MSN, NC, USN LCDR Jasen P. Christensen, CRNA, MSN, NC, USN CDR Lisa A. Osborne, CRNA, PhD, NC, USNJoseph E. Pellegrini, CRNA, PhD, CAPT(ret), NC, USN.
[2]. Comparative study of fascia iliaca compartment block and three in one block for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgeries. MaltiPandya, Savita Jhanwar Department of Anaesthesiology, Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
[3]. Möller T, Benthaus S, Maria Huber, Ingrid Bentrup, Markus Schofer. A randomized and observer blinded comparison of continuous femoral block and fascia iliaca compartment block in hip replacement surgery. J Anaesth Clin Res 2011; 4: 277-83.
[4]. Steve C.Christi , DO, MS, Geoege Chiampas, DO - Ultrasound guided three in one block for femur fractures USG guided femoral block provides satisfactory postoperative analgesia.
[5]. Dalens, Bernard MD, Vanneuville, Guy MD, Tanguy, Alain MD. Comparison of the fascia iliaca compartment block with 3 in 1 block in children..

Abstract: Retention, stability and support are the factors which gives success to complete denture. But in severely resorbed ridges these factors are compromised. And the weight of the denture makes the task more difficult. So this article describes a new technique to fabricate a hollow denture in severely resorbed maxilla and mandible (in excessively increased inter ridge distance) by fabricating a hollow 3D heat cure customized acrylic resin shim. The weight of the denture is reduced and it improves the retention, stability and support of complete denture making the prosthesis more comfortable to wear for the patient.

Keywords: Severly resorbed ridges, hollow denture, 3D heat cure acrylic resin shim

[1]. Radke U, Mundhe D. Hollow maxillary complete denture. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2011;11(4):246-9. doi:10.1007/s13191-011-0082-9
[2]. Benhamida, S.A., El Maroush, M.A., Elgendy, A.A. and Elsaltani , M.H. 2019. Residual ridge resorption, the effect on prosthodontics management of edentulous patient: an article review: residual ridge resorption. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management. 7, 09 (Sep. 2019), 260–267.
[3]. Shetty V, Gali S, Ravindran S. Light weight maxillary complete denture: A case report using a simplified technique with thermocol. J Interdiscip Dentistry 2011;1:45-8
[4]. Jaiswal RS, Kanathila H, Patil AG, et al. A novel technique for the fabrication of hollow denture - a need for resorbed ridge. J Evolution Med Dent Sci 2021;10(30):2346-2349,
[5]. Qanungo A, Aras MA, Chitre V, Mysore A, Da Costa GC. An Innovative and Simple Technique of Hollow Maxillary Complete Denture Fabrication. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Aug;10(8):ZD23-5...

Abstract: Background: Maxillofacial trauma could involve the soft and hard tissues of the face, with a varying pattern, severity, type, and etiology. The global prevalence of these injuries is well documented. This study assesses the pattern and distribution of maxillofacial trauma at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Nigeria. Objective: To assess the pattern of distribution of maxillofacial injuries. Method: A prospective cohort study of 140 maxillofacial trauma cases seen and treated at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of the Lagos State University Teaching.........

Keywords: maxillofacial, trauma, Nigerians

[1]. Stier R, Jehn P, Johannsen H, Müller CW, Gellrich NC, Spalthoff S. Reality or wishful thinking: do bicycle helmets prevent facial injuries? International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2019;48(9):1235-1240. doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2019.02.018
[2]. Lalloo R, Lucchesi LR, Bisignano C, et al. Epidemiology of facial fractures: Incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study. Injury Prevention. Published online 2019. doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043297
[3]. Pillay L, Mabongo M, Buch B. Prevalence and aetiological factors of maxillofacial trauma in a rural district hospital in the Eastern Cape. South African Dental Journal. 2018;73(5):348-353. doi:10.17159/2519-0105/2018/v73no5a4
[4]. Udeabor SE, Akinbami BO, Yarhere KS, Obiechina AE. Maxillofacial Fractures: Etiology, Pattern of Presentation, and Treatment in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Journal of Dental Surgery. 2014;2014:1-5. doi:10.1155/2014/850814
[5]. Nyameino S, Butt F, Guthua SW, Macigo F, Akama M. Occurrence and Pattern of Maxillofacial Injuries Caused by Motorcycle Crashes Presenting at Two Major Referral Hospitals in Nairobi, Kenya. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstruction Open. 2018;2:9-14. doi:10.1055/s-0038-1660434

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a most common of the endocrine disorders. It may be classified according to aetiology as Type I and Type II diabetes. Type I diabetes is a disease characterized by the destruction of the insulin producing pancreatic beta cells, the development of which is either auto immune T-cell mediated destruction(Type-IA) or idiopathic (Type-IB).1' complications are grouped under microvascular disease(due to damage to small blood vessels) and macro vascular diseases ( due to damage to arteries). Diabetic nephropathy (DN) or diabetic kidney disease is a syndrome characterized ,by the presence of pathological quantities of the urine albumin excretion, diabetic glomerular lesions and loss of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in diabetics.2. In our case report a 27 years male patient came to the government general hospital, kadapa with the complaints of loss of consciousness due to low sugars and shortness of breath since one day, pedal edema , abdominal distension since three months his past medical history reveals that he is a known diabetic i.e Type-I since 20 years and under the medication of insulin and now recently he was diagnosed with diabetic nephropathy since four months.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus , Type I diabetes , Complications ,Diabetic nephropathy.

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Abstract: Background: Evaluation of the correlation between various platelet indices and ischemic heart disease (IHD). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done. 120 patients of IHD (40 patients of STEMI, 40 patients of NSTEMI and 40 patients of stable angina) diagnosed on the basis of clinical, electrocardiographic and other laboratory parameters were included in the study. Various platelet indices of ischemic heart disease patients were compared with 40 controls. Platelet indices included platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and plateletcrit (PCT).......

Keywords: Ischemic heart disease, Platelet indices, Platelet count

[1]. Bairey Merz C. Ischemia and No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease (INOCA). Circulation. 2017;135(11):1075-1092.
[2]. Mozaffarian D, Benjamin E. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2016 Update. Circulation. 2016;133(4):38-60.Meadows Ta, Bhatt Dl. Clinical Aspects Of Platelet Inhibitors And Thrombus Formation. Circ Res. 2007 May 11;100(9):1261-75.
[3]. Meadows T, Bhatt D. Clinical Aspects of Platelet Inhibitors and Thrombus Formation. Circulation Research. 2007;100(9):1261-1275.
[4]. VandeWerf F. Management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. European Heart Journal. 2003;24(1):28-66.
[5]. Kiliçli-Çamur1ABEF N, Demirtunç1B R, Konuralp2DEF C, Eskiser3F A, Başaran4A Y. Could mean platelet volume be a predictive marker for acute myocardial infarction?. Med Sci Monit. 2005;11(8):392.

Abstract: Introduction: There has been a global increase in the incidence of abdominal trauma in surgical patients and abdominal trauma is a major public health problem for all nations and all socioeconomic strata. Abdominal trauma have a poor prognosis in the absence of prompt diagnosis and adequate management. We carried out this study with the objective of insisting on the clinical diagnosis in a settings with limited-resources, and highlighting the mortality factors. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in surgical emergency department of Lubumbashi university hospital. We reviewed prospectively medical records of patients who had laparotomy or not after abdominal trauma. It had involved 93 patients with abdominal trauma. Statistical analyzes were performed using Epi info 7.2.2.6 software and IBM SPSS 25 software.......

Keywords: Factors of Mortality, abdominal trauma, poor outcome, peritoneal lavage puncture

[1]. Isenhour JL, Marx J. Advances in abdominal trauma. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2007;25(3):713–33.
[2]. Alastair CJ, Pierre JG. Abdominal trauma. In: John M, Graeme D, Kevin OM, editors. Surgical Emergencies, 1st edition. Italy: Blackwell Science Ltd; 1999. p. 224–36.
[3]. Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: global burden of disease study. Lancet. 1997;349(9061):1269–76.
[4]. Berger LR, Mohan D. Injury Control: A Global View. New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press; 1996.
[5]. Potenza BM, Hoyt DB, Coimbra R, Fortlage D, Holbrook T, Hollingsworth-Fridlund P, et al. The epidemiology of serious and fatal injury in San Diego County over an 11-year period. J Trauma 2004;56:68-75.

Abstract: Background: In worldwide, type 2 diabetes prevalence is increasing in the all age group population. HSCRP indicates inflammation and Hba1c indicates hyperglycaemia. Both together establishes cardiac risks in individual with atherosclerosis. In diabetic patients, there will be development of macrovascular changes, when there is a poor control of glycaemic level. Increase levels of c-reactive protein is also linked in increased risk for development of diabetes in later stages.......

Keywords: hsCRP, DM, glycemic control,HBA1c

[1]. Sir Frederick Grant Banting. 'Diabetes and Insulin', Nobel Lecture. In Nobel Lectures: Physiology or Medicine 1965; 68:1922-1941
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Abstract: Anthropometric dimensions could be used as bases for the evaluation of the health status of children. This study was thus conducted due to significance of anthropometric parameters of the head and the face in forensic anthropology, medicine, surgery, paediatrics and medical imaging. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out on 600 normal Nigerian children (males: n = 319; females: n = 281) to determine the mean and range of Palpebro-root and palpebro-lobular insertion distances. The mean palpebro-helical root distance ranged from 68.75±3.20 to 76.72±5.17 mm in males and 67.01±2.27 to 75.35±5.15 mm in females. The mean Palpebro-lobular insertion distance ranged between 66.70±2.82 and 76.53±4.93 mm in males and 65.52±2.57 and 74.79±5.45 mm in females. The findings revealed a progressive increase in the mean values of all the parameters in the children aged 3 – 18 years but no significant difference in the mean values between the sexes at different age groups..

Keywords: Anthropometric study; Palpebro-helical root distance; Palpebro-lobular insertion distance

[1]. Akgul, A. A. and Toygar, J. U. (2002). Natural craniofacial changes in the third decade of life: a longitudinal study. Amer. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop. 122: 512 - 522.
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Abstract: Background: Childhood absence epilepsy is a generalized idiopathic epilepsy occurs in children of school age. Juvenile Absence Epilepsy is a generalized idiopathic epilepsy with an age of onset around puberty. Our aim was to analyze EEG and clinical presentation of childhood and juvenile absences in Algiers population. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 45 patients with Childhood and Juvenile absence epilepsy. All patients had clinical information, video-ictal EEG recording and medication used. Results: Among 45 patients seen between 2009 and 2013, we observed 45 patients with Absence Epilepsy.26 cases of Childhood absence epilepsy.19 cases of Juvenile absence epilepsy......

Keywords: Childhood absence epilepsy; Juvenile absence epilepsy; Absences; Generalized tonic-clonic seizure; Ictal-EEG.

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