iosr-JDMS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2022

Abstract: Background: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death globally. More people die annually from CVDs than from any other cause. Hypertension is one of the emerging public health problems in developing country like Bangladesh. Although, myocardial infarction is life threatening disease, it is yet preventable. Good knowledge and practice is required for prevention and control of myocardial infarction. Objective: To assess knowledge and practice of hypertensive patients regarding prevention of myocardial infarction. Methods: A cross-sectional Hospital based study was conducted at the Dept. of Cardiology, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmad Medical College Hospital, Gazipur, Bangladesh from January to December 2020. One hundred four (104) hypertensive patients included in our study......

Keywords: Knowledge, Hypertension, Myocardial Infarction, Practice, Prevention

[1]. Vaidha A. Tackling cardiovascular health and disease in Nepal: epidemiology, strategies, and implementation. Heart Asis. 3(1), 87–91 (2011).
[2]. Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K et.al. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. The Lancet. 2005; 365(9455):217-23
[3]. Zuhaid M, Kazmi S, Khan A et al. Knowledge of modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among patients with acute myocardial infraction. J. Ayub. Med. Coll. Abbottabad. 26(3), 364–367 (2014)
[4]. Gandhi S, Chaudhari, Bhuval R, Mallick K, Vasava B. Awareness and prevention of Myocardial Infarction and Hypertension in general population of Surat City. National Journal of Community Medicine. 2010; 1(2).139.
[5]. David S. Celermajer, Clara K. Chow et al. Cardiovascular Disease in the Developing World. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2012; 60 (14):1207 1216..

Abstract: Introduction :-Tuberculosis(TB) remains one of the deadliest communicable diseases. India is the highest TB burden country in the world, accounting for about 26% of the global prevalence and estimated incidence being 1.8 million cases. While pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common presentation, extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is also an important clinical problem. Among various forms of extrapulmonary TB, tubercular meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of EPTB. Globally,almost half a million children become sick with tuberculosis every year, 20-30%being affected by EPTB. TBM constitutes a small portion of the total reported TB cases(around 1-10%) Diagnosis of TBM requires demonstration of tubercle bacilli (Acid fast bacilli) in CSF taken by Lumbar puncture......

Keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid, EPTB, Tubercular meningitis

[1]. Global tuberculosis report 2021 [Internet]. [cited 2022 Feb 3]. Availablefrom:https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789240037021
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[3]. HistoricalPerspectivesCentennial:Koch‟sDiscoveryoftheTubercleBacillus [Internet]. [cited 2022 Feb 12]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000222.htm
[4]. jp-journals-10081-1106.pdf[Internet].[cited2022Feb12].Availablefrom:https://www.pidjournal.com/doi/PID/pdf/10.5005/jp-journals-10081-1106
[5]. Qavi AH, Imran TF, Hasan Z, Ilyas F. Facial Weakness, Diplopia, andFever in a 31-Year-Old: An Atypical Case of Tuberculous Meningitis.Cureus.9(12):e1918

Abstract: Background: For decades, because of the concern that uterine scar may rupture during labour, previous caesarean deliveries were considered as indication for caesarean section in the subsequent pregnancies. The aim of the study was to compare the feto-maternal outcomes of trial of labour after caesarean section (TOLAC) and elective repeat caesarean delivery (ERCS). Method: This was a retrospective comparative study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the University of Port......

Keywords: Trial of vaginal birth after caesarean (TOLAC), Elective repeat caesarean delivery (ERCD), maternal outcome, neonatal outcome

[1]. Rezai S, Labine M, Gottimukkala S, Karp S, Sainvil L, G Isidore et al. Trial of Labour after Caesarean (TOLAC) for Vaginal Birth after Previous Caesarean Section (VBAC) Versus Repeat Caesarean Section; A Review. ObstetGynecolInt J. 2016, 4(6): 00135.
[2]. American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Clinical management guideline for Obstetricians and gynaecologists. 2017. No 184. ACOG Practice Bulletin. Retrieved from: https://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Fulltext/2017/11000/
[3]. WHO. Appropriate technology for birth. Lancet. 1985; 2(8452): 436-7. Retrieved from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2863457/
[4]. Ronsmans C, Melesse DY, J D Barros AJ, Barros FC, Juan L et al. Global epidemiology of use of and disparities in caesarean sections. The Lancet. 2018; 392, (10155): 1341-1348.
[5]. Wu Y, Kataria Y, Wang Z , Ming W, Ellervik C. Factors associated with successful vaginal birth after a caesarean section: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2019; 19: 360: 2-12.

Abstract: Background: Short inter-pregnancy interval could result from early resumption of sexual intercourse post partum. This is associated with negative maternal and infant health outcome. Contraception usage is one of the interventions that prevent unplanned pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine the awareness and uptake of modern contraception among nursing mothers at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Method: The study was carried out at the post natal and immunization clinics of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain the data from nursing mothers. The data analysis was done with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. The data was presented in frequency and proportions....

Keywords: awareness, uptake, modern contraception, nursing mothers, post-partum.

[1]. Adedokun B, Abdus-Salam RA, Babawarun T, Morhason-Bello I, Ojengbede O. Resumption of Sexual Intercourse and Family Planning use Among Postpartum Women Attending Infant Welfare Clinics in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria – A Cross-Sectional Study. Niger J ClinPract. 2020; 23: 1648-55.
[2]. Brunson MR, Klein DA, Olsen CH, Weir LF, Roberts TA. Postpartum contraception: initiation and effectiveness in a large universal healthcare system. AJOG, 2017;1 :55-65.
[3]. Allagoa DA, Nyengidiki TK. Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Of Contraception Amongst Antenatal Patients At The University Of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt. T N H J. 2011; 11(3): 89-92.
[4]. USAID Family Planning Needs during the First Two Years Postpartum in Nigeria. Retrieved, March, 3rd, 2020.
[5]. Dasgupta ANZ., Zaba B, Crampin AC. Postpartum uptake of contraception in rural Northern Malawi: A prospective study. Contraception 2016..

Abstract: Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common epithelial tumour of the lacrimal gland in adults1. It is managed by surgical excision. Incomplete removal can lead to recurrence or malignant transformation. High index of suspicion is necessary for prompt diagnosis in younger after surgically removal .We describe a case of lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma (LGPA) in a 28-year male which recurrent in nature and emphasise the importance of CT and MRI scan in the diagnosis of extension of recurrence LGPA in young male.

Keywords: Lacrimal gland, Pleomorphic adenoma, Recurrent, Young male

[1]. Shields CL, Shields JA, Eagle RC, et al. Clinicopathologic review of 142 cases of lacrimal gland lesions. Ophthalmology 1989;2013:431–5
[2]. Font RLGJ. Epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland: an analysis of 265 cases. In: Jakobiec F, ed. Ocular and adnexal tumors. Birmingham, AL: Aesculapius, 1978:787–805
[3]. Vangveeravong S, Katz SE, Rootman J, et al. Tumors arising in the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland. Ophthalmology 1996;2013:1606–12
[4]. Gupta S, Garg S, Singh S, et al. Pleomorphic adenoma of lacrimal gland in a 5-year-old child: diagnosed on aspiration cytology. Diagn Cytopathol: 18 Nov 2011. doi: 10.1002/dc.21854
[5]. Font RLGJ. Epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland: an analysis of 265 cases. In: Jakobiec F, ed. Ocular and adnexal tumors. Birmingham, AL: Aesculapius, 1978:787–805

Abstract: Introduction: De Quervain`s tenosynovitis is a condition that involves stenosis of the first dorsal compartment of wrist which contain abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis running through it. Histopathologicallly there is no inflammation but thickening of tendon sheath and myxoid degeneration due to mucopolysacchride accumulation. So this causes intrinsic degenration of the involved tendons. Due to thickening of tendon sheath and retinaculum there is impairment in normal movement of APL and EPB tendons resulting in wrist pain and impaired wrist movement. Pain is progressive if left untreated and thus causes decreased wrist function.....

Keywords: De Quervain`s tenosynovitis, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, first dorsal wrist compartment, tendon sheath, retnaculam

[1]. Bahm J, Szabo Z, Foucher G (1995) The anatomy of de Quervain's disease. A study of operative findings. Int Orthop 19:209–211
[2]. Clarke MT, Lyall HA, Grant JW, Matthewson MH. The histopathology of de Quervain's disease. J Hand Surg 1998;23(6):732–734.
[3]. Moore JS. De quervains tenosynovitis: stenosing tenosynovitis of first dorsal compartment. J Occup Environ Med.1997;39(10):990-1002.
[4]. Peters-Veluthamaningal C, Winters JC, Groenier KH, Meyboom-DeJong B. Randomised controlled trial of local corticosteroid injections for de Quervain's tenosynovitis in general practice. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2009;10:131.
[5]. Skoff HD."postpartum/newborn" de quervains tenosynovitis of the wrist.Am j Orthop(Belle Mead NJ). 2001;30(5):428-430.

Abstract: Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterised by widespread cutaneous and visceral fibrosis, small-vessel vasculopathy, and presence of autoantibodies against several cellular antigens. It is a heterogeneous disease with respect to the extent of skin involvement and internal organ severity, ranging from limited cutaneous SSc, with less serious involvement of the internal organs, to diffuse cutaneous SSc, characterised by extensive skin involvement and often rapidly progressive visceral involvement which can lead to complications like Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD). Our main objective is to associate capillary.....

Keywords: systemic sclerosis, nailbed video capillaroscopy, prognosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, interstitial lung disease

[1]. Varga J. Systemic Sclerosis ( Scleroderma ) and Related Disorders. In: Jameson JL, Kasper DL, Longo DL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Loscalzo J. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 20th ed. Vol 2. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2018. p. 2154-65
[2]. Burns T, Breathnach S, Cox N, Griffiths C.Rook's. Rook's Textbook of Dermatology. 8th ed. United Kingdom: Wiley; 2018. 51-87 p.
[3]. Minz RW, Kumar Y, Anand S, Singh S, Bamberi P, Verma S, Shegal S. Antinuclear antibody positive autoimmune disorders in North India: an appraisal. Rheumatology international. 2012 Sep 1;32(9):2883-8.
[4]. Korn JH. Scleroderma: a treatable disease. Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine. 2003 Nov 1;70(11):954-72.
[5]. Nicholson WJ, Henneberger PK, Seidman H.Occupational hazards in the VC-PVC industry. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1984; 141: 155-75.

Abstract: Background: Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) is an approach that has become the standard for airway management in the emergency department. Present study is aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Etomidate for RSI in the emergency department. Material & Method: This prospective observational study of 50 patients of polytrauma who received intravenous Etomidate as an inducing agent during rapid sequence intubation over a period of 3 years to evaluate intubating conditions and hemodynamic effects at MGM medical college, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai. All the patients presenting to ED of polytrauma aged more than 15 years were included. Result: Total of 50 patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were included in present study among them 88% were male patients and 12% were female.....

Keywords: Hemodynamic changes, Systolic Blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure, Trauma, Rapid Sequence Intubation.

[1]. Walls RM, Murphy MF. Manual of emergency airway management. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008.
[2]. Neelakanta G, Xia V. Liver Disease and Liver Transplantation. Essentials Pharmacol Anesth Pain Med Crit Care. 2015;719–37.
[3]. Dsouza AP, Ramlinga R, Yadav A, Mala M. Effect of Hemodialysis on Trace Elements in Renal Failure Patients. Indian J Med Biochem. 2019;23(2):233–5.
[4]. Giese JL, Stanley TH. Etomidate: a new intravenous anesthetic induction agent. Pharmacother J Hum Pharmacol Drug Ther. 1983;3(5):251–8.
[5]. Yadav A, Yadav GAM, NK K, Kumar LN, Yadav GSN, Babu. KR. Relationship of subclinical inflammatory markers with glycemic status and duration of diabetes among rural Indian type 2 diabetic population. Al Am een J Med Sci. 2022;15(1):21–6

Abstract: Background: Internal jugular vein (IJV) agenesis represents a rare vascular malformation resulting from developmental anomaly, often diagnosed incidentally in patients presenting for other pathologies. Only few cases have been reported in literature (less than 10). The absence of unilateral IJV is associated with accessory venous drainage pathways and hypertrophy of the contralateral IJV. No surgical management is required. Case presentation:In this study, we present a case of a 75-year-old lady who presented with severe pain and tenderness in the neck, with sudden swelling. On examination, the patient's tongue was found to be swollen and uplifted. There were additional....

Keywords: Case report, unilateral IJV agenesis, collateral venous drainage, enlarged contralateral IJV, vascular malformation

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[2]. Inderbir Singh. (1999) Development of cardiovascular system. Human embryology, 6th Edition 15:247–248
[3]. Majeed TA, Deshpande RK, Upadhaya S, Deshmukh SA. Agenesis of internal jugular vein a cause for concern. Indian J SurgOncol. 2010;1(4):341-342. doi:10.1007/s13193-010-0040-8 [4]. Dukes BJ, et al. Traumatic bilateral jugular vein thrombosis.Neurosurgery. 1997;41(3):680–683.
[5]. Longjiang L, et al. Rationale radical neck dissection for oral cancer. Chin Med J. 2003;116(8):1123–1126

Abstract: Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a condition widespread throughout the world. Recent studies have suggested that vitamin D deficiency was associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) . Materials and methods : This study was a prospective observational and one point analysis . The study group comprised of patients of NAFLD attending OPD and admitted patients in GMC Jammu. Results : The present prospective study was conducted on 70 patients of NAFLD. 47.18 % patients had Grade I fatty liver , Grade II fatty liver was.....

[1]. Shin YH, et al. High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in young adolescents in Korea. Eur J Pediatr. 2012;171:1475–1480.
[2]. Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:266–281.
[3]. Ford ES,et al. Concentrations of serum vitamin D and the metabolic syndrome among U.S. adults. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:1228–1230.
[4]. Strange RC, Shipman KE, Ramachandran S. Metabolic syndrome: a review of the role of vitamin D in mediating susceptibility and outcome. World J Diabetes. 2015;6:896–911.
[5]. Lim S, et al. Association of vitamin D deficiency with incidence of type 2 diabetes in high-risk Asian subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97:524–530..

Abstract: Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors are rare sex-cord stromal tumors of the ovary. Its incidence is less than 0.5% of all primary ovarian malignancies. They are generally benign and seen mostly in reproductive age group women. It can present with a wide variety of histological elements, which can complicate diagnosis and treatment. The paper reports a case of a 24-year-old primigravida women, with an incidental finding of ovarian mass during pregnancy. The patient underwent elective cesarean section with excision of the ovarian mass. The excised specimen was sent for histopathological analysis, which showed features consistent with Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor. The patient received three cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy and is currently under follow up.

Keywords: Ovarian, Sertoli-Leydig cell, sex-cord stromal tumore

[1]. Young RH, Scully RE. Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors. A clinicopathological analysis of 207 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1985; 9:543-69.
[2]. Akman L, Ertas IE, Gokcu M, et al. Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors: a multicenter long-term clinicopathological analysis of 27 patients. J Cancer Res Ther 2016; 12:290-4.
[3]. Young RH, Scully RE. Sex cord-stromal, Sertoli cell, and other ovarian tumors. Blaustein's Pathology of Female Genital Tract, R. J. Kurman, ed., p. 929, Springer, New York, NY, USA, 5th edition, 2002.
[4]. Osborn RH, Yannone ME. Plasma androgens in the normal and androgenic female: A review. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1971; 26:195-228.
[5]. Zhang HY, Zhu JE, Huang W, et al. Clinicopathologic features of ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:6956-64.