iosr-JDMS   Volume-23 ~ Issue-10 ~ October 2024

Abstract: Background: Orthodontic treatments frequently involve tooth extractions to address crowding and protrusion, but the effects of these extractions on vertical skeletal changes are still debated. Research has extensively covered aspects like soft tissue response and smile aesthetics, yet there is no consensus on their impact on vertical dimensions. This issue is particularly pertinent for hyperdivergent individuals, who make up about 22% of orthodontic patients. A proposed technique for such cases includes counterclockwise rotation of the lower jaw and advancement of posterior teeth to manage open bites or excessive vertical facial height. This study aims to compare vertical skeletal changes in Class I malocclusion patients undergoing extraction versus non-extraction fixed orthodontic treatments......

Keywords: Orthodontics; Tooth Extraction; Vertical Skeletal Changes; Molar Mesialization; Class I Malocclusion; Cephalometric Analysis; Hyperdivergent Individuals; Frankfort-Mandibular Plane Angle; Sella-Nasion; Palatal Plane.

[1] Kouvelis G., Dritsas K., Doulis I., Kloukos D. Et.Al. Effect Of Orthodontic Treatment With 4 Premolar Extractions Compared With Non-Extraction Treatment On The Vertical Dimension Of The Face: A Systematic Review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2018;154:175-87.
[2] Beit P., Konstantonis D., Papagiannis A. And Eliades T. Vertical Skeletal Changes After Extraction And Non-Extraction Treatment In Matched Class I Patients Identified By A Discriminant Analysis: Cephalometric Appraisal And Procrustes Superimposition. Progress In Orthodontics 2017;18(44) :1-10.
[3] Finnoy J. P., Wisth P. J., And Boe O. E. Changes In Soft Tissue Profile During And After Orthodontic Treatment. European Journal Of Orthodontics. 1987; 9 :68-78.
[4] Yamaguchi K. And Nanda R. S. The Effects Of Extraction And Non-Extraction Treatment On The Mandibular Position. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1991; 100 :443-452.
[5] Aras A. Vertical Changes Following Orthodontic Extraction Treatment In Skeletal Open Bite Subjects. European Journal Of Orthodontics. 2002; 24: 407-416.

Abstract: Background: Over 5.54 million COVID-19 deaths occurred worldwide by the January 2021 and COVID-19 pneumonia remains the commonest cause of death. The current study was conducted to investigate predictors of total severity score in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who underwent chest CT and in turn be used in setting with limited resource to predict TSS as well as prognosis Materials and Methods: The current study retrospectively evaluated the CT findings in COVID-19 patients with clinical severity using a 25-point visual quantitative assessment and total severity score predictors were determined. A sample of 384 COVID-19 patients was used and Statistical.......

Keyword: Covid-19, pneumonia; CT scan; Total Severity Score; Rwanda

[1] World Health Organisation. Who Director-General ' S Opening Remarks At The Media Briefing On. World Heal. Organ. 2021 (2021).
[2] Szabó, M. Et Al. The Importance Of Chest Ct Severity Score And Lung Ct Patterns In Risk Assessment In Covid-19-Associated Pneumonia: A Comparative Study. Front. Med.10, 1–9 (2023).
[3] Fang. Sensitivity Of Chest Ct For Covid-19: Comparison To Rt-Pcr. Lancet395, A1–A2 (2020).
[4] Azadbakht, J., Haghi-Aminjan, H. & Farhood, B. Chest Ct Findings Of Covid-19-Infected Patients, Are There Differences Between Pediatric And Adult Patients? A Systematic Review. Egypt. J. Radiol. Nucl. Med.51, (2020).
[5] Zhao, W., Zhong, Z., Xie, X., Yu, Q. & Liu, J. Relation Between Chest Ct Findings And Clinical Conditions Of Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) Pneumonia: A Multicenter Study. Am. J. Roentgenol.214, 1072–1077 (2020)..

Abstract: Background: Orthodontic therapy always ends with retention to prevent the return of the final occlusal outcome and to maintain the teeth in the correct position after the end of orthodontic therapy. This research aimed to survey retention practices, factors affecting retention protocol and differences regarding retention among orthodontists in North Macedonia. Material and methods: 150 questionnaire copies were distributed by mail or personally to orthodontics in North Macedonia. The survey.......

Keywords: retention, survey, orthodontic

[1]. Littlewood SJ, Millett DT, Doubleday B, Bearn DR, Worthington HV. Orthodontic Retention: A Systematic Review. J Orthod. 2006, 33, 205–12
[2]. Johnston CD, Littlewood SJ. Retention In Orthodontics. Br Dent J, Feb 2015, 218 (3): 119–22
[3]. Littlewood SJ, Kandasamy S, Huang G. Retention And Relapse In Clinical Practice. Aust Dent J. March 2017, Vol 62 (Suppl. 1), 51–57
[4]. Molyneaux C, Sandy JR, Ireland AJ. Orthodontic Retention And The Role Of The General Dental Practitioner. Br Dent J. 2021; 230(11): 753–7
[5]. Ardeshna AP . Fixed Retention In Orthodontics . Decisions In Dentistry, Nov 2019

Abstract: Maternal mortality remains a critical public health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Health workers play a pivotal role in addressing this challenge, offering insights into the key drivers of maternal deaths. This study explores the perceptions of healthcare workers on the systemic, socioeconomic, cultural, and healthcare-related factors contributing to maternal mortality. Health workers identify systemic barriers, including understaffing, lack of resources, inadequate training, and inefficient referral systems, as significant contributors.......

Keywords: Health Workers, Healthcare System, Maternal Mortality, Key Drivers, Socioeconomic Factors

[1] Ramesh S, Chakraborty S, Adanu Rm, Bandoh Da, Berrueta M, Gausman J, Khan N, Kenu E, Langer A, Nigri C, Odikro Ma. Authorization Of Midwives To Perform Basic Emergency Obstetric And Newborn Care Signal Functions In Argentina, Ghana, And India: A Multi-Country Validation Study Of A Key Global Maternal And Newborn Health Indicator. Plos One. 2023 Apr 20;18(4):E0283029.
[2] Azuh De, Azuh Ae, Iweala Ej, Adeloye D, Akanbi M, Mordi Rc. Factors Influencing Maternal Mortality Among Rural Communities In Southwestern Nigeria. International Journal Of Women's Health. 2017 Apr 10:179-88.
[3] World Health Organization. Maternal Mortality [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023 [Cited 2024 Sep 26]. Available From: Https://Www.Who.Int/News-Room/Fact-Sheets/Detail/Maternal-Mortality
[4] Dahab R, Sakellariou D. Barriers To Accessing Maternal Care In Low Income Countries In Africa: A Systematic Review. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health. 2020 Jun;17(12):4292.
[5] Ekpenyong Ms, Matheson D, Serrant L. The Role Of Distance And Transportation In Decision Making To Seek Emergency Obstetric Care Among Women Of Reproductive Age In South–South Nigeria: A Mixed Methods Study. International Journal Of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2022 Oct;159(1):263-9.

Abstract: A newborn male is born via caesarean section at 37 weeks of gestation to a 25-year-old primigravida mother. Mother was a known case of Grave's disease on Carbimazole with gestational diabetes mellitus on Insulin, with otherwise uneventful antenatal course. She was admitted with complaints of pain abdomen and decreased fetal movement. She was planned for emergency section and a live, healthy male baby was born with a birth weight of 2.962 kg, appropriate for gestation age with APGAR 8/9. Postnatal examination was negative for congenital anomalies and no systemic involvement was noticed. The baby was discharged on close follow-up. On day 7th of life, the baby was....

[1] Zhu L, Wang J, Liu W. The Tortuous Diagnosis Of One Case Of Neonatal Hyperthyroidism. Bmc Pediatrics. 2024 Jan 13;24(1):43.
[2] Ogilvy-Stuart Al. Neonatal Thyrotoxicosis. Neoreviews. 2017 Jul 1;18(7):E422-30.
[3] Stephanie L. Samuels, Mda, Sisi M. Namoc, Mdb, (2018) Neonatal Thyrotoxicosis
[4] Leger J. Management Of Fetal And Neonatal Graves' Disease. Horm Res Paediatr 2017;87(1):1–
[5] Maximiano C, Silva Mr, Carvalho F, Almeida J, Gomes Mm, Martins S, Marques O, Estrada A, Pereira A, Antunes A. Follow-Up Of Infants Born To Mothers With Graves' Disease. Endocrinologia Diabetes Y Nutricion. 2021;68(7):472–80.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Endien.2021.11.005..

Abstract: Hemophilia is a spectrum of clotting disorders that is caused by deficiency of factor VIII (Hemophilia A) and factor IX (Hemophilia B) respectively. Clinical features varies with the severity of the disease. Severe type of hemophilia usually presents with spontaneous bleeding into joints and muscles. Hemophilic pseudotumor develops as a result of repeated episodes of bleeding at a fracture site in bone or as a result of subperiosteal haemorrhage or bleeding into soft tissue. Inadequate resorption of extravasated blood results in an encapsulated area of clotted blood and necrosed tissue. With successive hemorrhagic....

[1] "Hemophilic Pseudotumor: A Case Report And Review Of Literature" By Aneesh Pakala, Jimmy Thomas, Philip Comp, International Journal Of Clinical Medicine, Vol.3 No.3, 2012
[2] Rodriguez-Merchan Ec. Hemophilic Pseudotumors: Diagnosis And Management. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2020 Mar;8(2):121-130. Doi: 10.22038/Abjs.2019.40547.2090. Pmid: 32490041; Pmcid: Pmc7191985.
[3] Alex Kiu, Isaac Yang, Tiffany Fung, Rehana Jaffer, Marie-Helen Martin, Pseudotumour: An Uncommon Complication Of Severe Haemophilia, Bjr|Case Reports, Volume 10, Issue 4, July 2024, Uaae019,
Https://Doi.Org/10.1093/Bjrcr/Uaae019.
[4] Devkota S, Adhikari S, Lamichhane S, Et Al. Hemophilic Pseudotumor Of The Knee Joint: Emphasizing Prevention And Early Diagnosis In A Rare Disease. Clin Case Rep. 2024; 12:E8822. Doi:10.1002/Ccr3.8822
[5] 5. Rodriguez Merchan Ec. The Haemophilic Pseudotumour. Int Orthop. 1995;19(4):255-60. Doi: 10.1007/Bf00185235. Pmid: 8557426..

Abstract: Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health problem and is the causative organism of TB. There were 234,000 deaths of children due to tuberculosis. Since most of the pregnant women who have active TB are symptomless, diagnosis of TB is usually delayed2,3. It is difficult to differentiate between true congenital TB and postnatally acquired TB. High suspicion is needed for early diagnosis and treatment.
Case: A 30-day-old girl had abdominal distension 1 week before admission and refusal to feed appeared on the 30th day. Clinically....

Keyword: Tuberculosis (TB), abdominal distension, neonate, congenital TB

[1] World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Report 2018. Http://Www.Who.Int/Tb/Publication /Global_Report/En.
[2] Skevaki CL, Kafetzis DA. Tuberculosis In Neonates And Infants: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, And Management Issues. Paediatr Drugs 2005;7:219-34.
[3] Diar H, Velaphi S. Congenital Tuberculosis As A Proxy To Maternal Tuberculosis: A Case Report. J Perinatol 2009;29:709-11.
[4] Shenoi A, Kavitha HR. Perinatal Tuberculosis. Pediatr Inf Dis 2019;1(1):30-33.
[5] Peng W, Yang J, Liu E. Analysis Of 170 Cases Of Congenital TB Reported In The Literature Between 1946 And 2009. Pediatr Pulmonol 2011;46:1215-24.

Abstract: Context: Calcium hydroxide is the most widely used intracanal medicament to aid chemomechanical preparation to thoroughly clean the root canal system. However, it is important to completely remove the medicament for predictable success of the root canal treatment. Aim: This study was aimed to compare the effectiveness of irriganting solutions and irrigation methods to remove calcium hydroxide from the root canal system. Material and Methodology....

Keywords: Intracanal Medicament, Calcium Hydroxide, Ethanol, Phytic Acid

[1] Kawashima N. Immunopathological Aspects Of Pulpal And Periapical Inflammations. Essential Endodontology. 2008:44-80.
[2] Kawashima N, Wadachi R, Suda H, Yeng T, Parashos P. Root Canal Medicaments. International Dental Journal. 2009 Feb;59(1):5-11.
[3] Hulsmann M, Peters Oa, Dummer Pm. Mechanical Preparation Of Root Canals: Shaping Goals, Techniques And Means. Endodontic Topics. 2005 Mar;10(1):30-76.
[4] Siqueira Jr Jf, Lopes H. Mechanisms Of Antimicrobial Activity Of Calcium Hydroxide: A Critical Review. International Endodontic Journal. 1999 Sep;32(5):361-9.
[5] Salgado Rj, Moura-Netto C, Yamazaki Ak, Cardoso Ln, De Moura Aa, Prokopowitsch I. Comparison Of Different Irrigants On Calcium Hydroxide Medication Removal: Microscopic Cleanliness Evaluation. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, And Endodontology. 2009 Apr 1;107(4):580-4.

Abstract: Background: Surgical site infection post LSCS leads to increasing patient morbidity and increase the duration of patient hospitalization, hospital costs and raise the burden on our healthcare system. The incidence of SSI after caesarean section ranges from 3% to 5%. Objective of current investigation was to study the incidence&risk factors responsible for SSI in LSCS. Methods: This prospective study was done among pregnant women undergoing LSCS...

[1] Kelemu A, Amlaku M, Feleke H, Birhanu W, Liknaw B. Surgical Site Infection And Its Associated Factors Following Cesarean Section. Bmc. 2017; 11(17):2-8.
[2] Betra´N A, Merialdi M, Lauer J, Bing-Shun W, Thomas J, Look Pv, Et Al. Rates Of Caesarean Section: Analysis Of Global, Regional And National Estimates. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2007;21(2): 98-113.
[3] American College Of Obstetricians And Gynecologists, Society For Maternal-Fetal Medicine. Obstetric Care Consensus No. 1: Safe Prevention Of The Primary Cesarean Delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2014; 123(3):693-711.
[4] Blumenfeld Yj, El-Sayed Yy, Lyell Dj. Risk Factors For Prolonged Postpartum Length Of Stay Following Cesarean Delivery. Am J Perinatol. 2015;32(9):825- 32.
[5] Al Jama Fe. Risk Factors For Wound Infection After Lower Segment Cesarean Section. Qatar Med J. 2012; 2012(2):26-31..