iosr-JDMS   Volume-23 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2024

Abstract: Ojectives: the aim of the study is to analyse the morphometry regarding shape, symmetry, length and diameters of anterior communicating arteries along with anatomical variations like absence, duplication and abnormal origin, aplasia or hypoplasia etc. Introduction: The Circle of Willis is an anastomotic vascular network at the base of the brain in the interpeduncular fossa. Its major role is to provide efficient collateral circulation to cerebral and cerebellar tissue to prevent ischemia, and subsequent transient ischemic attack or stroke. Its anterior part is formed by the anterior cerebral artery......

Keywords: - Circle of Willis, Arterial variation, Neuroanatomy, Clinical Anatomy, Anterior communicating Artery, Hypoplasia, Aplasia, Duplication, Triplication

[1] (N.D.). Retrieved From Https://Anatomypubs.Onlinelibrary.Wiley.Com/Doi/Epdf/10.1002/Ar.23794.
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[4] Alper, B. J., & Berry, R. G. (1963). Circle Of Willis In Ceebral Vascular Disorders. Arch Of Neurol, 8, 398-402.
[5] Ashwini , C. S., Shubha, R., & Jayanti , K. S. (2008). Comprative Anatomy Of Circle Of Willis In Man, Cow, Sheep, Got And Pig. Neuroanatomy, 7, 54-65..

Abstract: Background: Haemorrhoids can occur at any age, and they affect both men and women. Most of the haemorrhoidal surgeries have many post-op complications, prolonged hospital stay and analgesic need. To overcome this post-op morbidity and long term recurrence, a new surgical method was devised by D. Chivates. This procedure includes trans anal circumferential suturing of lax mucosa and submucosa of rectum. The main etiological factor for the development of recurrence of haemorrhoids is, the development of collaterals. The current study was undertaken to know the outcomes of patients......

Keywords: Haemorrhoids, Surgery, Constipation, Chivate procedure, Collaterals, Complications

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Abstract: Diffuse neurofibromas are rare benign tumors, mostly located in the cephalic extremity, and are associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 in 10% of cases. They are known in the literature for their clinical appearance, haemorrhagic surgery and prognosis. In this article, we report the case of a patient with beret-shaped diffuse neurofibroma of the scalp occurring in the context of Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis..

Keywords: Diffuse Neurofibroma, neurofibromatosis type 1, scalp.

[1] Megahed M. Histopathological Variants Of Neurofibroma. A Study Of 114 Lesions. Am J Dermatopathol. Oct 1994;16(5):486‑95.
[2] Kumar S, Bhaskar S, Handa A, Jindal B. Diffuse Neurofibroma Of Scalp. Asian J Neurosurg. 2014;9(4):237.
[3] Neelam S, Kyatham P, Byrapuram V, Nimmagadda L, Odapally S. Diffuse Neurofibroma Of The Scalp: A Distinct Histopathological Entity. Int Surg J. 2015;752‑5.
[4] Yoo Kh, Kim Bj, Rho Yk, Lee Jw, Kim Yj, Kim Mn, Et Al. A Case Of Diffuse Neurofibroma Of The Scalp. Ann Dermatol. Févr 2009;21(1):46‑8.
[5] Kumar S, Chaurasia P, Singh D, Batra Vv, Aher R. Solitary Giant Diffuse Neurofibroma Of The Scalp With Calvarial Defect. Asian J Neurosurg. 2017;12(2):263‑5

Abstract: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ultrasound versus anatomical femoral nerve block in
emergency rooms for isolated lower limb injuries in order to increase patient cooperation during immobilisation
and radiological examinations.....

[1] Sandby ‑ Thomas M, Sullivan G, Hall Je. A National Survey Into The Peri – Operative Anaesthetic Management Of Patients Presenting For Surgical Correctionof A Fractured Neck Of Femur. Anaesthesia 2018;63:250‑8.
[2] Urwin Sc, Parker Mj, Griffiths R. General Versus Regional Anesthesia For Hip Fracture Surgery: A Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Trials. Br Janaesth. 2017;84:450–455.
[3] Marhofer P, Chan Vws. Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia: Current Concepts And Future Trends. Anesth Analg. 2017;104:1265y1269.
[4] Ting Pl, Sivagnanaratnam V. Ultrasonographic Study Of The Spread Of Local Anaesthetic During Axillary Brachial Plexus Block. British Journal Of Anaesthesia. 2019;63(3):326–329.
[5] Kapral S, Krafft P, Eibenberger K, Fitzgerald R, Gosch M, Weinstabl C. Ultrasound-Guided Supraclavicular Approach For Regional Anesthesia Of The Brachial Plexus. Anesthesia And Analgesia.1994;78(3):507–513

Abstract: Background: Despite being a middle-income country, Bangladesh faces a rising tide of hypertension, a major contributor to non-communicable diseases globally. Aim: To investigate the spectrum of target organ damage (TOD) in patients with hypertension admitted to a tertiary level hospital, Dhaka. Methods: This retrospective observational study included ninety patients (68 males, twenty-two females; aged 20-over 70) with hypertensive complications admitted to the hospital from January to June 2015. Study focused on hypertension duration, risk factors, and past medical history. Inclusion criteria were diastolic BP > 90 mmHg, systolic BP > 140 mmHg, or isolated systolic hypertension (systolic BP > 160 mmHg, diastolic BP < 90 mmHg). Obesity (BMI > 30) and diabetes (fasting glucose > 7.....

Keywords: Hypertension; Target Organ Damage; Sedentary lifestyle Stroke; Medication Adherence

[1]. Masum QAA, Ahmed MU, Uddin M, Siddiqui NA, Saifuddin ARM. Target organ damage in hypertension in academic hospital. TAJ RMC, Rajshahi 2008 June; 21 (1): 63-68.
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[4]. Elliott H, Epidemiology, Aetiology and Prognosis of Hypertension. Medicine International, 2002 (3); 128-9.
[5]. Ekram ARMS, et al, Target Organ Damage in Female Hypertensive Patients. J MEDICINE. 2002 ; 3 : 2-6.

Abstract: Silver diamine fluoride effectively treats dental caries by forming a protective layer on decayed surfaces, increasing mineral density and hardness, inhibiting enzyme activity, and directly attacking bacteria, but it can cause tooth discoloration, prompting research into additives like potassium iodide and glutathione to reduce staining. Aim: This in vitro study aimed to address the limited research available on the potential impact of adding KI and GSH to SDF by exploring their antimicrobial efficacy against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. In addition.....

Keywords: Silver diamine fluoride; glutathione; Potassium iodide; antibacterial. Highlights:

[1]. Kazeminia, M., Abdi, A., Shohaimi, S. et al. Dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children's worldwide, 1995 to 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Head Face Med 16, 22 (2020).
[2]. Balaji S M. Dental caries: Research perspective. Indian J Dent Res [serial online] 2018 [cited 2022 Dec 23];29:3.
[3]. Chen X, Daliri EB, Chelliah R, Oh DH. Isolation and Identification of Potentially Pathogenic Microorganisms Associated with Dental Caries in Human Teeth Biofilms. Microorganisms. 2020 Oct;8(10):1596.
[4]. Van Houte J. Role of micro-organisms in caries etiology. Journal of dental research. 1994 Mar;73(3):672-81
[5]. Desai H, Stewart CA, Finer Y. Minimally invasive therapies for the management of dental caries—A literature review. Dentistry Journal. 2021 Dec 7;9(12):147

Abstract: Cardiomyopathy weakens the heart muscle, affecting blood circulation and potentially leading to heart failure. It can be either acquired or hereditary, impacting individuals of all genders, ages, and backgrounds. Chronic alcohol consumption can lead to alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM), which causes structural and functional changes in the heart. ACM results from toxic alcohol byproducts damaging the heart muscle, leading to weakened and enlarged.....

Key Word: Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy, Enlarged heart chambers, Alcohol cessation, Severe heart failure, Mortality rate

[1]. Wilkinson, James D., and others, 'Epidemiology and global burden of cardiomyopathy', The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 3 edn, The European Society of Cardiology Series (Oxford, 2018; online edn, ESC Publications, 23 Apr. 2020).
[2]. Maron BJ, Towbin JA, Thiene G, Antzelevitch C, Corrado D, Arnett D, Moss AJ, Seidman CE, Young JB. Contemporary definitions and classification of the cardiomyopathies: an American Heart Association scientific statement from the council on clinical cardiology, heart failure and transplantation committee; quality of care and outcomes research and functional genomics and translational biology interdisciplinary working groups; and council on epidemiology and prevention. Circulation. 2006;113(14):1807-16.
[3]. Andersson C, Schou M, Gustafsson F, Torp-Pedersen C. Alcohol intake in patients with cardiomyopathy and heart failure: consensus and controversy. Circulation: Heart Failure. 2022;15(8):e009459.
[4]. Shaaban A, Gangwani MK, Pendela VS, Vindhyal MR. Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy. 2023 Aug 8. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan–. PMID: 30020694.
[5]. Fernández-Solà J. The effects of ethanol on the heart: alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Nutrients. 2020;12(2):572.

Abstract: In dentistry, enamel discoloration is a prevalent concern, particularly in younger patients. Numerous factors, including fluorosis, caries, and pulpal alterations, may be the reason for this. The Minimal Invasive Dental (MID) approach has been the subject of a recent dental evidence base for the treatment of such lesions. The treatment of fluorosis with microabrasion and resin infiltration has been described in this case report.

Key Word: :fluorosis,microabrasion,resin infiltration

[1]. McKay, F.S., 2008. An investigation of mottled teeth. Schneider S: Public Health: The Development of a Discipline. VolII: Twentieth-Century Challenges, p.123.
[2]. Ilankizhai, R.J., 2016. Dental fluorosis and its management-A review. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 9(7), pp.967-971.
[3]. Fejerskov, O., Johnson, N.W. and Silverstone, L.M., 1974. The ultrastructure of fluorosed human dental enamel. European journal of oral sciences, 82(5), pp.357-372.
[4]. Alrebdi, A.B. and Alyahya, Y., 2022. Microabrasion plus resin infiltration in masking white spot lesions. European Review for Medical & Pharmacological Sciences, 26(2).
[5]. Heymann, G.C. and Grauer, D., 2013. A contemporary review of white spot lesions in orthodontics. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 25(2), pp.85-95

Abstract: Background: The posterior pillar is formed by the calcaneus, the major bone of the longitudinal arch. It is in charge of taking in and transferring the weight of the body to the plantar arch below. The three facets on the ventral surface—the anterior, middle (where the ant. facet extends), and posterior—articulate with the corresponding talus facets. The central facet is located on the upper surface of the sustentaculum tali, whereas the anterior and posterior facets are located on the body. Incidence in variations of these facets on calcaneum is seen quite often.7.....

Key word: calcaneum, anatomy, sustentaculum tali, additional facet, facets, foot rehabilitation, foot surgeries

[1]. Bunning PSC, Barnett CH. Variations in the talocalcaneal articulations. Journal of Anatomy 1963; 97(5): 643.
[2]. Bunning PS, Barnett C. A comparison of adult and foetal talocalcaneal articulations. J Anat. 1965; 99(Pt 1):71–6.
[3]. El-Eishi H. Variations in the talar articular facets in Egyptian calcanei. Acta Anat (Basel). 1974; 89(1):134-8.
[4]. Gupta SC, Gupta C, Arora A. Pattern of talar articular facets in Indian calcanei. J Anat. 1977; 124(Pt 3):651–5.
[5]. Greer Richardson E. Pes Planus. In: S Terry Canale, editor. Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics. 9th ed. St. Louis: Mosby – Year Book, Inc., 1998; pp. 1720-1725.