iosr-JDMS   Volume-23 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2024

Abstract: Background: An apophysis is a growing center which grows upon the mother bone. In the anteroposterior roentgenographic view of the pelvis, the iliac apophysis appears laterally and anteriorly on the iliac crest and is termed as capping. With continued growth it develops posteriorly across the iliac crest to dip down to contact the ilium medially at its junction near the sacrum and is considered to be completed or attached. The iliac apophysis may develop in fragments......

Keyword: Apophyseal, iliac crest, X-Rays, age determination, civil and criminal cases

[1] Shoja MM. Pelvic Girdle, Gluteal Region And Thigh. In: Tubbs RS, Stranding S, Editors. Gray's Anatomy The Anatomical Basis Of Clinical Practice. 42nd Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2020. P.1352-1394.
[2] Ashizawa K, Asami T, Anzo M, Matsuo N, Matsuoka H, Murata M Et Al. Standard RUS Skeletal Maturation Of Tokyo Children. Ann Hum Biol. 1996;23: 457-69.
[3] Bhise SS And Nanandkar SD. Age Determination From Pelvis A Radiological Study In Mumbai Region. J Indian Acad Forensic Med. 2012 Apr;34(2): 104-107.
[4] Nagrale N, Patond S, Ambad R, Bankar N, Jain K. Radiological Evaluation Of Innominate Bone For Age Estimation: A Cross Sectional Study From Central India. Indian JFMT. 2020 Oct;14(4):6849-6852.
[5] Dikshit KR, Dikshit JK. North-East India: Land, People And Economy, Advances In Asian Human-Environmental Research. 2013 Jul 24;285-420..

Abstract: Necrotizing fasciitis is a serious soft tissue infection that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. It was first described anecdotally in the 1870s, but remained unnamed until 1952 when Wilson described the entity in a case series and coined the phrase ''necrotizing fasciitis.''1 Necrotising fasciitis is a rapidly progressive soft-tissue infection that involves the superficial and deep fascia, leading to thrombosis of the cutaneous vessels and gangrene of the underlying tissues (Hancevic et al., 1998). The lack of clear boundaries and late involvement of the overlying skin......

[1] Wilson B. Necrotizing Fasciitis. Am Surg. 1952;18(4):416-431.
[2] Castro Ag, Rodriguez-Borregan Jc, Obeso T, Castellanos A, Perez-Ceballos A, De Miguel Sesmero Jr. Necrotizing Fasciitis After Cesarean Section. Archives Of Gynecology And Obstetrics. 2008 Jun;277:579-81.
[3] Goepfert Ar, Guinn Da, Andrews Ww, Hauth Jc. Necrotizing Fasciitis After Cesarean Delivery. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 1997 Mar 1;89(3):409-12.
[4] Acosta Cd, Knight M. Sepsis And Maternal Mortality. Current Opinion In Obstetrics And Gynecology. 2013 Apr 1;25(2):109-16.
[5] Mohamed‐Ahmed O, Nair M, Acosta C, Kurinczuk Jj, Knight M. Progression From Severe Sepsis In Pregnancy To Death: A Uk Population‐Based Case‐Control Analysis. Bjog: An International Journal Of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2015 Oct;122(11):1506-15..

Abstract: The prognosis of root fracture varies according to the location and extent of fracture line. Root fracture involving a cervical third have poor prognosis than fractures involving apical third and middle third. This case present treatment for cervical third root fracture of mandibular left first incisor in 21-year-old patient. Coronal fragment of fractured tooth shown grade III mobility with bleeding from gingival sulcus and sensitivity with hot and cold intake. In this case natural tooth pontic was incorporated with root submerged to meet the esthetic and functional requirements of the patient. After 3 month follow up, this treatment approach has seemed to offer a long-term provisional and satisfactory solution to the consequences of a cervical root fracture injury.

[1] Andreasen FM, Andreasen JO, Tsilingaridis G. Root Fractures. In: Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Andersson L, Editors. Textbook And Color Atlas Of Traumatic Injuries To The Teeth. 5th Ed. Oxford, UK: Wiley Blackwell; 2018. P. 377–412.
[2] Abbott PV. Diagnosis And Management Of Transverse Root Fractures. Dent Traumatol. 2019;35(6):333-347. Doi:10.1111/Edt.12482
[3] Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Tsukiboshi M. Crown-Root Fractures. In: Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Andersson L, Editors. Textbook And Color Atlas Of Traumatic Injuries To The Teeth. 4th Ed. Oxford: Blackwell Munksgaard; 2007. P. 314-36.
[4] Malhotra, Neeraj, Mala Kundabala And Shashirashmi Acharaya. "A Review Of Root Fractures: Diagnosis, Treatment And Prognosis." Dental Update 38 9 (2011): 615-6, 619-20, 623-4 Passim.
[5] Lam R, Abbott PV, Lloyd C, Et Al. Dental Trauma In An Australian Rural Centre. Dent Traumatology 2008; 24:663–70..

Abstract: Background: Knee replacement, either total or partial, is the most commonly used procedure for advanced symptomatic osteoarthritis refractory to conservative management. There is still continuing debate regarding the best treatment for unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee especially in young patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess comparability of clinical and functional outcomes of unicondylar knee arthroplasty in younger (≤ 60 years) versus elderly (> 60 years) age groups.....

Keywords: Knee joint, Osteoarthritis, Partial arthroplasty, Unicondylar arthroplasty

[1] Petersson If, Boegård T, Saxne T, Silman Aj, Svensson B. Radiographic Osteoarthritis Of The Knee Classified By The Ahlbäck And Kellgren & Lawrence Systems For The Tibiofemoral Joint In People Aged 35–54 Years With Chronic Knee Pain. Annals Of The Rheumatic Diseases. 1997 Aug 1;56(8):493-6.
[2] Pal Cp, Singh P, Chaturvedi S, Pruthi Kk, Vij A. Epidemiology Of Knee Osteoarthritis In India And Related Factors. Indian Journal Of Orthopaedics. 2016 Oct;50(5):518-22.
[3] Felson Dt, Zhang Y. An Update On The Epidemiology Of Knee And Hip Osteoarthritis With A View To Prevention. Arthritis & Rheumatism: Official Journal Of The American College Of Rheumatology. 1998 Aug;41(8):1343-55.
[4] Van Manen Md, Nace J, Mont Ma. Management Of Primary Knee Osteoarthritis And Indications For Total Knee Arthroplasty For General Practitioners. Journal Of Osteopathic Medicine. 2012 Nov 1;112(11):709-15.
[5] Laurencin Ct, Zelicof Sb, Scott Rd, Ewald Fc. Unicompartmental Versus Total Knee Arthroplasty In The Same Patient. A Comparative Study. Clinical Orthopaedics And Related Research. 1991 Dec 1(273):151-6

Abstract: In india 1.2 million children aged 0-59 months die yearly. An estimated 58% of them occur during this neonatal period. Early initiation of breastfeeding was associated with a 44% lower risk of neonatal mortality. Therefore, supporting mothers to initiate breastfeeding within 1 hr. Of delivery is a proven high-impact intervention for neonatal survival. Since 2006, the government of india....

[1] World Health Organization (Who) Geneva (Switzerland): Who; Breastfeeding [Internet] [Cited 2019 Feb 26]; Available From: Https://Www.Who.Int/Health-Topics/Breastfeeding#Tab=Tab_2. [Google Scholar]
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[3] Shane Al, Sánchez Pj, Stoll Bj. Neonatal Sepsis. Lancet. 2017;390:1770–80. [Pubmed] [Google Scholar]
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Abstract: Precision Medicine is based on individualized patient care approach incorporating the four components- prediction, prevention, personalization, and participation for patient management. Accurate and precise diagnosis is the backbone of a successful treatment outcome. Periodontal diagnosis requires consideration of following factors- pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, mobility and radiological parameters (alveolar bone loss) that provide restricted therapeutic information and for this reason biomarkers play a crucial role in diagnostic advancement in precision periodontics. The periodontal biomarkers are the driving force of precision periodontics for their validated use in diagnostic and treatment plan......

Keywords: precision medicine, biomarker, individualized health care, periodontitis, personalized

[1] Dzau V, Ginsburg G, Chopra A, Goldman D, Green E, Leonard D, Mcclellan M, Plump A, Terry S, Yamamoto K. Realizing The Full Potential Of Precision Medicine In Health And Health Care: A Vital Direction For Health And Health Care. Nam Persp. 2016;6(9):1–13.
[2] Collins Fs, Varmus H. A New Initiative On Precision Medicine. N Engl J Med 2015;372(9):793–5.
[3] Schwendicke F, Krois J. Precision Dentistry—What It Is, Where It Fails (Yet), And How To Get There. Clin Oral Investig 2022 Apr;26(4):3395-403.
[4] Bartold Pm, Ivanovski S. P4 Medicine As A Model For Precision Periodontal Care. Clin Oral Investig 2022 Sep;26(9):5517-33.
[5] Korte Dl, Kinney J. Personalized Medicine: An Update Of Salivary Biomarkers For Periodontal Diseases. Periodontol 2000. 2016 Feb;70(1):26-37

Abstract: Introduction: Swimming is an aerobic exercise which also increases the strength of Respiratory muscle as well as elastic recoil of lungs as immersion in water increased pressure over lung & heart. Objective: Our main aim is to know whether short duration of swimming (six months to one year) can significantly change the pulmonary functions in swimmers compare to sedentary subjects. Materials and Method: This present study was designed as a cross-sectional study and was proposed to study Pulmonary function test (Parameters.....

Keywords: pulmonary function tests, spirometry, comparison, male, sedentary, swimming

[1] Reilly T, Secher N, Snell P, Williams C. Swimming. In: Physiology Of Sports. E & Fn Spon; 1990. Page 191–227.
[2] Fox E. Physical Training Methods And Effects. J Ortho Clin N Am 1971;8(3):545.
[3] Pherwani A V, Desai, A G, Solepure, A B. A Study Of Pulmonary Function Of Competitive Swimmers. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1989;33(4):228–32.
[4] Polgar C, Promadhat V. Standard Values. In: Pulmonary Function Testing In Children: Techniques And Standards. Philadelphia: Wb Saunders; 1971. Page 87–212
[5] Akhade V, Muniyappanavar N. Comparative Study Of Pulmonary Functions In Swimmers And Sedentary Controls. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol 2014;4(2):149–52.

Abstract: Moyamoya syndrome is rare. It is important to differentiate between the primary form of this syndrome and the secondary form, which may be linked to certain conditions such as neurofibromatosis, homocystinuria, and trisomy 21. We recently observed a 23-year-old patient with trisomy 21 who exhibited motor deficits in all four limbs. Initial brain imaging revealed multiple bilateral ischemic strokes of varying ages. The diagnosis of Moyamoya syndrome was based on the presence of stenoses in the M1 segment of the right and left middle cerebral arteries. Blood tests indicated hyperthyroidism along with elevated anti-TPO and anti-THSH antibodies. The patient was treated with antiplatelet therapy, synthetic antithyroid drugs, and physiotherapy sessions, and showed partial recovery of the motor deficit over time.

[1] The Changing Survival Profile Of People With Down's Syndrome: Implications For Genetic Counselling. Glasson Ej, Sullivan Sg, Hussain R, Petterson Ba, Montgomery Pd, Bittles Ah.
[2] Moyamoya Disease And Moyamoya Syndrome. Scott Rm, Smith Er. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1226–1237.
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[4] Autoimmune Antibody In Moyamoya Disease [Article In Japanese] Wanifuchi H, Kagawa M, Takeshita M, Izawa M, Maruyama S, Kitamura K.
[5] The Prisma 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline For Reporting Systematic Reviews. Page Mj, Mckenzie Je, Bossuyt Pm, Et Al. Bmj. 2021;372:0.

Abstract: Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 presented milder clinical manifestations in the pediatric range than in adults. However, with the arrival of the new variants and the beginning of vaccination of the adult population, children have come to represent a higher percentage of hospitalizations. Objective: To describe the care provided at the Taubate Municipal University Hospital (HMUT) by SARS-CoV-2 in 2020 and 2021. Methodology And retrospective cross-sectional study conducted through a survey of medical records of all visits to children under 12 years of age for SARS-CoV-2, confirmed by RT-PCR, at HMUT, from March 2020 to December 2021.....

Keywords: Coronavirus Infections, COVID-19, Pandemics, Child, Pediatrics

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Abstract: Catherization is routine medical procedure that facilitates urinary drainage when there is bladder outlet or urethral obstruction and therefore can be urethral or suprapubic. It can be used intermittently or indwelling on a short or long term. As useful as it is, Catheterization especially the long term indwelling type has several complications or adverse effects. This study was done to review the pattern of long term indwelling catheter use- its indications and associated factors. It was a retrospective study spanning 5 years from January.....

Keywords: Long term indwelling Catheterization, Indications, associated factors and Aba

[1] Yasuhiko Igawa, Jean-Jacques Wyndaele, And Osamu Nishizawa Catheterization: Possible Complications And Their Prevention And Treatment. International Journal Of Urology Volume 15 Issue 6 P 481- 485 May, 2008.
[2] A Schewelger, S.D Kuister, J Maag, S. Zullig, S. Bertschy, E Bortolin, O. John, H Sax, Alimacher, A Atkinson, D. Schwaddach, J. Marschali.
[3] Impact Of An Evidence Based Intervention On Urinary Catheter Utilization, Associated Process. Indicators And Infections Non Infectious Outcomes. Journal Of Hospital Infection Volume 1061, Issue 2 October 2020 Pages 364- 371
[4] Asteria L.M. Ndomba, Rose M Lasser Stephen E. Mshana Prevalence And Indications Of Long Term Indwelling Urinary Catheter Among Out Patients Attending Urology Clinic At A Tertiary Hospital In North West Tanzania. African Journal Of Urology 27 Article Number 36 (2021)
[5] Julie K. Gammack Chronic Urinary Catheters In Long Term Care. Much Controversy, Little Consensus. Journal Of American Medical Directors Association Volume 3 Issue 3, May- June 2002, Pages 162- 168

Abstract: Background: There is still controversial about the treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in old age patients. Therefore, this retrospective study was conducted to compare the clinical and functional outcome between cemented and uncemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures in old age patients. Methods: The retrospective study was conducted on 40 patients of displaced intracapsular femoral neck fracture (Garden type III & IV) treated with bipolar hemiarthroplasty (cemented or uncemented) between August 2020 to May 2023. The minimum follow....

Keywords: Displaced Intracapsular neck of Femur Fractures, Elderly Patient, Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty, Harris Hip Score.

[1] Gjertsen Je, Baste V, Fevang Jm, Furnes O, Engesæter Lb. Quality Of Life Following Hip Fractures: Results From The Norwegian Hip Fracture Register. Bmc Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2016 Dec;17:1-8.
[2] Raut S, Parker Mj. Medium To Long Term Follow Up Of A Consecutive Series Of 604 Exeter Trauma Stem Hemiarthroplasties (Ets) For The Treatment Of Displaced Intracapsular Femoral Neck Fractures. Injury. 2016 Mar 1;47(3):721-4.
[3] Asnis Se, Wanek-Sgaglione L. Intracapsular Fractures Of The Femoral Neck. Results Of Cannulated Screw Fixation. Jbjs. 1994 Dec 1;76(12):1793-803.
[4] Levine A. Orthopedic Knowledge Update: Trauma. Journal Of Pediatric Orthopaedics. 1997;17(3):409.
[5] Swiontkowski Mf. Intracapsular Fractures Of The Hip. Jbjs. 1994 Jan 1;76(1):129-38.

Abstract: Background: The aim of this study was to analyze functional and radiological results after osteochondral autologous transfer for osteochondral defects at the talar dome. Methods: We did prospective study on 14 patients who had been treated by autologous osteochondral grafting for symptomatic osteochondral defects of the talus between May 2018 and June 2023. The osteochondral graft were harvested from the non-weight bearing part of lateral condyle of femur. International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) score.....

Keywords: Osteochondral lesion, OATS, Ankle joint; Talus Tegner activity scale, Cartilage repair

[1] Hangody L, Kish G, Módis L, Szerb I, Gáspár L, Diószegi Z, Kendik Z. Mosaicplasty For The Treatment Of Osteochondritis Dissecans Of The Talus: Two To Seven Year Results In 36 Patients. Foot & Ankle International. 2001 Jul;22(7):552-8.
[2] Cuttica Dj, Smith Wb, Hyer Cf, Philbin Tm, Berlet Gc. Arthroscopic Treatment Of Osteochondral Lesions Of The Tibial Plafond. Foot & Ankle International. 2012 Aug;33(8):662-8.
[3] Hembree Wc, Wittstein Jr, Vinson En, Queen Rm, Larose Cr, Singh K, Easley Me. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features Of Osteochondral Lesions Of The Talus. Foot & Ankle International. 2012 Jul;33(7):591-7.
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[5] Van Dijk Cn, Reilingh Ml, Zengerink M, Van Bergen Cj. Osteochondral Defects In The Ankle: Why Painful?. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2010 May 1;18(5):570-80..

Abstract: Background Tuberculosis of the Spine (Potts disease) is a chronic, debilitating form of extrapulmonary disease The pattern and distribution of clinical complications from Pott's disease is well documented. While the disease is rear in the developed climes it has remained a burden to the low- and middle-income countries with the ability to cause paraplegia, deformities, functional disabilities, decubitus ulcers and other adverse complications to the patient. However, there is paucity of knowledge regarding the predictors of these complications. We aimed to determine the factors....

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[2] Who, Intensifying New Initiatives For Tb Case-Finding In Nigeria. World Health Organization, Nigeria 23 March 2024. Available At: Https://Www.Afro.Who.Int/Countries/Nigeria/News/Intensifying-New-Initiatives-Tb-Case-Finding-Nigeria Accessed:23/4/2024
[3] Sariem, C.N., Odumosu, P., Dapar, M.P. Et Al. Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes: A Fifteen-Year Retrospective Study In Jos-North And Mangu, Plateau State, North - Central Nigeria. Bmc Public Health 20, 1224 (2020). Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S12889-020-09289-X
[4] European Centre For Disease Prevention And Control, Who Regional Office For Europe. Tuberculosis Surveillance And Monitoring In Europe 2022 – 2020 Data. Copenhagen: Who Regional Office For Europe And Stockholm: European Centre For Disease Prevention And Control. Available At: Https://Www.Ecdc.Europa.Eu/Sites/Default/Files/Documents/Tuberculosis-Surveillance-Monitoring-Europe-2022_0.Pdf
[5] Adada H, Valley Ma, Nour Sa, Mehta J, Byrd Rp Jr, Anderson Jl, Roy T. Epidemiology Of Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis In The United States: High Rates Persist In The Post-Hiv Era. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2014 Dec;18(12):1516-21. Doi: 10.5588/Ijtld.14.0319. Pmid: 25517822

Abstract: Background: Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation. After menopause, primordial follicles become atretic, and the ovaries stop producing oestrogen. The presence of oestrogen receptors in the heart, vascular smooth muscles, and autonomic brain stem centers indicates that they play a role in cardiovascular regulation. Aim of the study: This study aims to compare the sympathetic autonomic nervous system activity in pre and post-menopausal women....

Keywords: Sympathetic, Oestrogen, pre-menopausal women, post-menopausal women

[1]. Malhotra N, Kumar P, Malhotra J, Bora NM, Mittal P. Clinical aspect of menstruation and ovulation. In:Jeffcoate's Principles of Gynaecology. 8th ed. New Delhi:Jaypee brothers medical publishers (P) Ltd; 2014:80-5.
[2]. Sudarsana U, Shestha S, Kumar P. Comparative analysis of autonomic function tests in normotensive premenopausal and postmenopausal women. International journal of medical research professionals 2017; 3(1):234-9.
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[5]. Chang WD, Lai PT. Different exercise behaviours influences heart rate variability, autonomic nerve system function and menopausal symptoms in post-menopausal women. Journal of physical therapy science 2013; 25:477-81

Abstract: Introduction: The initial role of vitamin D-3 is the mineralization of bone by regulating osteoblast activity and facilitating the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestines and calcium from the kidneys .Therefore vitamin D deficiency results osteomalacia in adults. Additionally, recent epidemiological studies have linked vitamin D deficiency to cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemias, diabetes mellitus, cancers, and auto immune diseases....

Key words: Vitamin-D-3, Status, Deficiency, Insufficiency, Sufficiency, Orthopedic, Tertiary, Hospital

[1]. Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2007; 357:266-281.
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[3]. Al Mheid I, Quyyumi AA. Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease: controversy unresolved. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70:89-100.
[4]. Manson JE, Cook NR, Lee I-M, et al. Vitamin D supplements and prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:33-44.
[5]. Faridi KF, Zhao D, Martin SS, et al. Serum vitamin D and change in lipid levels over 5 years: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Nutrition. 2017;38:85-93.